• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

경관조명은 야간관광자원 활성화를 통한 대외 경쟁력을 강화하고, 도시경쟁력을 향상시키며, 관광객들에게 도시 브랜드를 전달할 수 있는 수단으로 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구는 경관조명의 활성화에 따른 유지관리 비용을 절감할 수 있는 방안을 검토하기 위하여 국제 조명위원회(CIE)에서 제시하고 있는 조도 및 휘도 기준을 조사하였으며, 한강상 교량과 일산호수공원의 일부 지역에 대한 경관조명 설치현황 및 전력요금 사용실태를 조사하였다. 또한 '조명연출방법'과 '조명자재 선정에 의한 방법'에 따라 유지관리 비용 절감 현황을 검토하였으며, 각 회로를 세분화 하여 시간대별 제어가 가능하도록 하고, 조명연출에 적합한 조명 자재를 선정하여 적용함으로써 유지관리 비용이 절감됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.145-160
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• 2000

This study is focused to the national park of Korean typical Sea Hally$\check{o}$ Haesang, and its visual resources and practiced inspect course by the way of suppositions and tests, to show the visual resource management objectively, and that of qualitative basic data. Accordingly by measuring the physical amount spatial structure with the visual amount originated from the Mesh Analyzing Method and the Visual Preference from the Scenic Beauty Estimation(S.B.E.) method and analyzed the valuation of the visual resource by Iverson method. Spatial image structure measured by Semantic Differential(S.D.) Scale was shown through the factor analysis algorithm for the analyzing psychological amount and examined the flowing out of decisive factor and the objective importance related to the mutual factors by appling the measurement of the visual quality. As a national Park, the visual factors that have natural landscape harmonized with forest, sky, surface of the water, curious stones and rocks, and temples should be escalated their values affirmatively so as to be the scenery of pointed direction and enjoyable, and it is of more needed for visual resource and its' controlling technique to make artificial structures more intentional planning and systemical setting. When we are viewing the improvement for the national park along with the visual resource management, reasonable level of development is needed, because when men interference surpass plantations and leasts will be damaged and the quality of natural landscape can be lowered, so it is needed to set up a management end, tangibly or clearly; and it is permitted limit coming and going ablably by accounting the suitable number for availing. But the controling end should be set in every level, positive management, very actively within the permissive varcability. It is the main business for the national park to prevent the damage from human for their gay life or to prevent the damage of a land carpet, and to restorate for the visual resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.439-453
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate water quality characteristics of main drinking waters in natural parks, for providing the basic information of water quality and to propose the appropriate management method. to maintain the water quality standards. As a result of the analysis, microorganisms were mostly detected in the nature of natural park. And some sites are currently using UV sterilizer and ozone treatment, and it is considered appropriate to extend the use to other main drinking water. It is also good to boil drinking water at home. Turbidity is expected to improve through environmental cleanup. Overall, the main drinking water in the natural park is suitable for water quality standards, and it is considered that maintenance such as cleaning is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.14-26
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• 2018

Light has been an essential part of human life. The advancement of technology has changed cities' nightscape and night activities in a drastic way. Lighting has influenced the identity of a city while promoting a variety of civic nighttime cultural pursuits, yet lighting design has not been considered adequately in the field of landscape architecture. This study aims to analyze the current status of lighting in urban parks through interviews with professionals, literature and regulation reviews, analysis of design documents and a field survey focused on Yeouido Park in Seoul. The findings and improvement directions are as follows. First, it is necessary to develop a specific lighting design method in order to avoid a marginalized, passive approach such as light fixture installation. Second, the existing standards of illuminance by KS A 3011 regulating only horizontal illuminance has turned out not to evaluate the current nightscape of urban parks properly. Therefore the criteria and guideline for analysis and design for nightscape should be articulated. Third, there are no design or management strategies to consider the changing landscape of urban parks, which is necessary due to the changing characteristics of park ecosystems. Lastly, detailed guidelines for distinguished spaces in urban parks should be studied and suggested.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2019

This study evaluated the ecological value of waterside parks by investigating the animal distribution and ecological feature in 92 waterside parks and analyzed the change of ecological awareness by users and non-users of waterside parks through ecological education and promotion based on the investigation results. The result confirmed inhabitation of various animals including 9 endangered species (Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis, Accipiter soloensis, Falco subbuteo, Charadrius placidus, Felis bengalensis euptilura, Lutra lutra, Kaloula borealis, Polyphylla laticollis manchurica, and Leptalina unicolor) in waterside parks. Although waterside parks were constructed to be hydrophilic areas for human use, some of them with high natural characteristics are valued as biological habitat. We investigated user status in 5 areas (Daejeon, Sejong, Cheongju, Kongju, and Buyeo) located at Guem river basin to evaluate people's perception of waterside parks and carried out the ecological education and promotion based on the investigation result. The survey of 200 people showed that there were more users of waterside parks than non-users and that people in their 40's showed the highest use rate. The use frequency of waterside parks located in Daejeon and Cheongju was lower than in other areas (Sejong, Kongju, and Buyeo). We considered it was because Daejeon and Cheongju were urban areas and had relatively more leisure areas such as sports facilities and cafe than other areas, and thus the residents had a lower reliance on waterside parks. Moreover, users used waterside parks more frequently when they were nearer to users' residence. It is because most users perceived waterside parks as the leisure sports facility and thus preferred them to be within walking distance. The users' perception of waterside parks as the ecological space "to be preserved" increased after the ecological education and promotion. The change of the perception was higher among users (80%) than non-users (38%). Therefore, ecological education and promotion were potentially more effective to people who user waterside parks and thus had a higher understanding of the characteristics and specification. In conclusion, 1) although waterside parks were constructed for human use, some parts had high ecological value for the distribution of endangered species and outstanding natural beauty, and 2) it is necessary to change the perception of waterside parks from the hydrophilic attribute to the conservation attribute. Such change of perception would contribute to establishing waterside parks that feature both hydrophilic and conservation attributes in the management or upgrading plan of waterside parks in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2015

The survey was taken from July to August 2012 by users who visited Gyeongju National Park to compare the perceived gap of users regarding management policy by characteristic of Gyeongju National Park district type in this study. Gyeongju National Park users' characteristic, use pattern and perception regarding park management policy were created as survey items. First, district type was classified based on use pattern of the visitor and the key resources of 8 districts in Gyeongju National Park. Tohamsan District, which has many visitors for the purpose of scenery appreciation and recreation with Bulguksa and Seokguram Grotto, is classified as tourism type, Namsan and Daebon District, which bring in many visitors seeking to learn about historical culture and environmental education, could be classified as historical culture education types, and Hwarang, Seoak, Sogeum River, Gumisan District are places residents use for physical training, hiking and walking to improve health, thus classifying them as neighborhood park types. People perceived that the tourism type is where users for historical artifact tours are concentrated, thus consideration for plans that can improve visitors' satisfaction from a user limit policy is required, and a manager's right to control use behavior must be reinforced in historical culture education types. On the other hand, users of neighborhood parks found the lowest necessity for most of the policy, and this showed that users of each of Gyeongju National Park's districts felt differently about the need for policies. This result is expected to be utilized as a database for introducing policy that reflects the perception of users in each districts of Gyeongju National Park in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

The study was conducted in Erhe Park, a neighborhood park in Dali City, China, to derive the influence of environmental factors in the park on the elderly's satisfaction and to analyze the satisfaction in order to provide improvement recommendations. First, the evaluation indicators were selected, by referencing previous research into the elderly's evaluation of external spatial environments and the influence of various factors was determined from the questionnaire and factor analysis. Second, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was conducted to understand the satisfaction of the elderly, and then an Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) analysis was conducted to develop improvement recommendations. Results of the factor analysis showed that park's environmental factors were grouped into four categories: facility suitability and comfort, safety and convenience of use, natural environment comfort, and parkway convenience. Based on this, the overall satisfaction rating for the environmental factors in Erhe Park was between satisfactory and average. The natural environment comfort was rated satisfactory, the facility suitability and comfort, and convenience and safety were rated average, and parkway convenience was rated near to satisfaction. The IPA analysis revealed that the suitability of rest facilities, suitability of convenience facilities, facility management status, safety of entrances and exits, and nighttime lighting facilities were items of high importance but low satisfaction that needed to be improved. The results of this study can be utilized as a guide for future building or readjustment of senior-friendly parks, and they are critical for increasing senior-friendly park satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.960-969
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• 2012

This study aims to understand the time-based moving pattern and suggest management strategies through surveying the number of visitors from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. for 3 days of each season in 3 key sites (Jeungsimsa district, Wonhyosa district and Jungmeorijae) of Mudeungsan Provincial Park. Majority of visitors who entered through Jeungsimsa district and Wonhyosa district visited the Mudeungsan provincial park from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., and the number of enterers reached the peak from 10 to 11 in the morning. Majority of the visitors left the Mudeungsan provincial park from noon to 5 p.m.. The number of leavers showed the peak between 2 and 4 in the afternoon. Most of visitors who moved via Jungmeorijae from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. climbed toward Jangbuljae or Jungbong or came down to Jeungsimsa district or Wonhyosa district. The number of enterers hit the highest from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.. However, there was no stark difference in the time-based moving pattern of each season and days of week. The special intensive management such as providing visitor service, conducting a campaign and restoring the damaged land in concentrated site and time is needed for conserving natural resources and improving visitors satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-85
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• 1988

The user's composition in Chiak Mountain National Park showed that male, twenties(20-29 ages) and high school or more graduated students were 64.7％, 72.5％ and 95％ respectively by sex, age and education. In visiting purpose, the natural parks characteristics shelved to be a important merit of Chiak Mountain, but the picnic patterns as of neighbourhood park and the recreation patterns as of recreation ground were appeared to be important simultaneously. In preferable place of visitors, the water in valley, natural landscape and climbing were prefered. In the district of Temple Kuryong valley, the peak season of visiting was Fall, and the peak hours during a day was 10 hours A.M and 5 hours P.M. Therfora the management plan in consideration of hiking pattern of nature park, picnic pattern as of neighbourhood park and recreation pattern as of recreation ground shall be necessary to solve the conflicts among functions in Chiak Mountain National Park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

In this study, six historical parks in Seoul is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the representative values of the historical parks in Seoul draw three criteria such as historicity, educational attributes, and sociality, and also the type of historic and cultural resources, spatial functions and arrangements, circulation and accessibility, and the type and usage of introduced facilities. Consequently the current status and improvement plan is suggested as follows. First, cultural assets oriented historical parks such as Sayuksin Bongeun and Seonnongdan historical Park focus on the management based on the preservation of historic and cultural resources. Non designated cultural heritages oriented historic parks such as Shingye Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park should focus on the usages the symbolize and commemorate historic and cultural resources. Second, Careful attitudes on the historicity of the park are needed in the mixed type of historic and cultural resources that determine the identity such as Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park. Third, the rate of facilities in Bongeun and Shingye historical park is increased due to the renovation of religion facilities, rather than the neighborhood parks. The autonomy of regulations that does not have the limits of the area of park facilities weaken the publicity of the historical parks. Fourth, Shingye historical park suggest changing its name into Danggogae martyrs' shrine historical park. because its historic and cultural resources are included as the historic park is named. Fifth, the current problems such as numerous uncontrolled entrances, mixed uses in circulation, and accessible failure due to the closure are recognized. Therefore, the entrances and circulations should be articulated clearly in order to increase opportunities of experience for visitors in the historic and cultural resources, and also neighborhood facility should be suitably divided. Sixth, the park facilities in the neighborhood parks are introduced equally in Seoul historical parks. The uses and arrangements that considered the circumstance of the historical parks should be determined in the cultural facilities such as outdoor music hall and sporting facilities. Seventh, historic facilities that named historic hall, culture hall, memorial hall, and promotion hall in the historic parks are utilized for convenience and religion facilities. Institutional framework should be examined to keep publicity in the historic parks by spatial privatization of the specific group.