• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.296-300
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• 1988

A trial product of monogranular compound fertilizer for sesame under vinyle mulching cultivations was manufactured using the principal sources of urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash in combination with a filler of zeolite and a binder of liquid waste from glutamic acid fermentation. Two field experiments using transparent vinyl mulching for single-crop cultivation and black vinyl mulching for cultivation after wheat and barley cropping were carried out to evalute their effects on sesame and the results obtained were as follows. Plant height and stem diameter of the trial product in sesame plant were higher and better than those of NPK split application and NPK all basic application. As the yield of the trial product was higher and similar to the NPK application plots in transparent and black vinyl mulching treatment respectively, the one time basic application of a developed monogranular compound fertilizer for sesame was possible under vinyl mulching cultivation.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

Object of this study were to determine the influence of collection times of rumen fluid on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of forage crops. The donor cow was fed concentrate once a day and given free access to grass-legume mixture hay. Main plot was consisted of different collection time of rumen fluid; T1: 1 hour before concentrate feeding, T2: 1 hour after feeding, T3: 4 hour after feeding and T4: 8 hour after feeding. A total of 7 samples of 4 different forage crops (barely, Italian ryegrass, crimson clover, rye) were used for the estimation of IVDMD and tested in three replicates. For the $DAISY^{II}$ incubation, each sample was inserted into each filter bag then heat-sealed and incubated in a digestion vessel for 48 h at $39^{\circ}C$. The times of rumen fluid collection had no significant effect on the IVDMD values over all varieties except for 2 breeds of IRG (Kogreen and Kospeed). IVDMD values with T1 over all varieties were slightly higher than other treatments, however those with both T1 of Kogreen and Kospeed varieties were significantly higher than T2 (p<.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 2018

Limited researches are available to demonstrate the effect of TMR (Total Mixed Ration) and SF (Separate feeding) system on ruminal methane production. Two experiments were performed at two different levels of daily feed intake (1.8 and 2.4% of BW) to investigate methane production by using a triplicated $2{\times}2$ Latin square design. Each experiment was conducted using six Holstein steers. Animals were provided either TMR or SF containing 73% concentrate and 27% forage, with the same ration of same ingredients. No differences in daily methane productions (MP) and per dry matter intake (DMI) were observed in both experiments. Relationship for daily methane production on DMI was $MP(g/d)=11.5({\pm}1.3){\times}DMI(kg/d)+14.2$, $R_2=0.73$, p<0.001.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a different growing stage on the eating and ruminating behavior of Holstein steer (Bos taurus). A total of nine Holstein steers were divided into three growing stage groups (T1: growth stage, 8 months old, T2: Early fattening stage, 15 months old, T3: late fattening stage, 24 months old) with 3 replicates. In the feeding method, concentrate was offered at 1.62% of the body weight per treatment, respectively. And the forage was fed ad libitum for all treatment. The results of behaviors are summarized as follows: The rate of dry matter intake compared to body weight (DMI/BW, %) was high in the order of T1(2.21%) > T2(2.09%) > T3(1.39%). Eating time, ruminating time and resting time were significantly higher in T1, T2 and T3, respectively(p<0.05, 0.01). Chewing time was significantly lower in T3 than in T1 and T2(p<0.01). The number of bolus and the number of total chews were significantly higher in T2 than those of the other treatments(p<0.01). However ruminating time per bolus and the number of bolus per minute were not significantly different among the treatments. The numbers of drinking and defecating were not significantly different among the treatments. The number of urinating was significantly higher T1 than those of the other treatments(p<0.01). Time of drinking, defecating and urinating was not significantly difference among the treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

This study was carried out to determine the forage quality, production, and regrowth of Phragmites communis as a native grass according to growth stages. Experiment 1 was conducted in Ansan from May 2009 to April 2010 (7 stages), and experiment 2 was conducted in Cheonan from May to November 2011 (10 stages). In experiment 1, forage quality decreased rapidly with advance of growth from May. When harvested on late May, July, September and April of the following year, the contents of crude protein were 7.7%, 4.6%, 3.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. Relative feed value (RFV) were 80.2, 65.1, 61.8 and 52.8, and lignin contents were 7.1%, 9.9%, 12.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. In experiment 2, significantly higher forage yields were observed when harvested from late June to mid July. On the other hand, forage quality decreased with delayed harvest as was in experiment 1. Good regrowth of Phragmites communis was observed when harvested earlier than in August. When harvested on late May, June, July, August, September, October and November, the dry matter (DM) yields were 7,329 kg/ha, 12,527 kg, 9,593 kg, 8,279 kg, 7,649 kg, 5,822 kg and 5,540 kg, and in vitro digestible DM (IVDDM) yields were 3,924 kg/ha, 5,264 kg, 4,273 kg, 3,322 kg, 3,352 kg, 2,195 kg and 1,887 kg, respectively. Forage quality grades of Phragmites communis were 4th grade in May, 5th grade from June to Sept., and 6th grade in Oct., Nov., or in Apr. of the following year. However, all regrown Phragmites communis ranked the 4th in quality. In conclusion, we recommend that Phragmites communis should be harvested from late June to mid July (no later than the end of July) to obtain good forage quality with digestible nutrient contents greater than rice straw. Regrowth of Phragmites communis was poor, and more than 70% of annual forage yields were out of the first harvest. Therefore, we recommend only one harvesting per year for good regrowth and stable production of Phragmites communis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.489-496
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of stocking density on the eating and ruminating behavior of growing Hanwoo steer (Bos taurus coreanae). A total of thirty growing Hanwoo steers were divided into four stocking density groups (G1: 1 head/32 $m^2$, G2: 2 heads/32 $m^2$, G3: 3 heads /32 $m^2$, G4: 4 heads/32 $m^2$) with 3 replicates (12 pens). The results of eating behaviors for 48 hours are summarized as follows: Total intake was higher in 2G, 3G and 4G than in 1G, but not significantly different among thetreatments. Intake of roughage was the highest in 2G (3.32 kg), while 1G (2.85 kg) was the lowest (P<0.05). Eating time of concentrate was highly in the order of 1G > 2G > 3G > 4G (P<0.05). But eating time (concentrate + roughage) and ruminating time were not significantly difference among the treatments. Resting time (standing + lying) was the highest in 4G (P<0.01), and lying time was the highest in 2G. Chewing time (Eating + ruminating) was higher in 3G than in 1G, 2G, and 4G (P<0.05). Number of bolus, number of total chews, ruminating time per bolus and number of bolus per minute were not significantly difference among the treatments. But number of chews per bolus was significantly lower in 1G than those of the other treatments (p<(0.05). Number of urinating was in the order of 1G > 4G > 2G > 3G (P<0.05). However, stocking density had no effect on drinking and defecating. Eating rate and chewing efficiency were the highest in 4G (P<0.01, 0.05), but ruminating efficiency was not significantly difference among the treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

A field experiment with 200, 400 and $600kg{\cdot}N/ha/year$ application levels was carried out to study the nitrate nitrogen accumulation and forage yield of sorghum sudangrass hybrid(Xtragraze II) at Iksan College Farm in 1995. The nitrate nitrogen contents were increased by the application of nitrogen and decreased as the plant matured, then the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen started from 200kg application, and exceeded the safe level of ruminants at the level of 400kg application during the whole growing period. In the early stage of growth, nitrate nitrogen contents of sorghum sudangrass hybrid were increased by rainfall during the dry season, but these contents are almost kept constantly at the low level in the later stage of growth. Accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the morning had a greater tendency than that of the afternoon. A sum exceeding $200kg{\cdot}N$ does not necessarily result in increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in sorghum sudangrass hybrid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and seed productivities of orchardgrass "Hwabsung 2 ho" according to seeding times in the NLRI from 2001 to 2002. The experimental design was a randomized block arrangement with three replications. Seed was sown on 10th, 20th, and 30th of Aug. and 10th, 20th, and 30th of Sept. in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Establishment of seedling was worse in seeding of Aug. 10th because of rainfall. Number of panicles per $1\textrm{m}^2$ was numerous in seeding of Aug. 20th and was fewer according as seeding time was later. But panicle did not nearly appear in seeding after Sept. 20th. Seeding of Aug. 20th produced seed yield of 759kg/ha and have most seed yield components. But according as seeding times were later than Aug. 20th, the seed yield was linearly decreased with seed yield components worse.nts worse.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2006

To select the forage millet variety suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed tideland, forage yield and feed value were compared for six millet cultivars grown at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea, from March to October in 2004. The emergency rate of summer green was 95.0% which was more than those of any other vatieties. Fresh and dry matter yield of summer green were 21,444 and 5,296 kg/ha that were more than those of any other vatieties. respectively. The content of crude protein was the highest in Shirohie variety as 18.22%. TDN (total digestible nutrient) content was the highest in Siberian variety and the lowest in Panorama variety. Considering the emergency rate, forage production and feed value, Summer green was the most suitable variety in reclaimed tidelands.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1989

To determine optimal sowing time of forage rape in southern areas of Korea, forage rape cv. Velox, the highest yielding variety among seventeen introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different sowing times. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yield components such as plant length, number of branches and number of leaves etc. were highest at the sowing time of Sep. 14 and Sep. 24. 2. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 also showed highest'fresh and dry matter yield. 3. As plants were grown under later sowing time, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 4. There was no relationship between variation of IVDMD and sowing time. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 showed highest digestible dry matter yields.