• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.612-619
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• 2007

컴퓨터의 공손성은 사용자에게 심리적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구는 사용자와 에이전트의 상호작용에서 에이전트의 언어적 메시지에 사용된 공손전략과 에이전트에 대한 지각된 친밀성이 이 에이전트 평가, 사용자 경험, 메시지의 지각된 공손성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 실험은 2(지각된 친밀성)${\times}2$ (적극적 공손 전략)${\times}2$ (소극적 공손 전략) 완전요인 설계로 실시되었다. 실험 결과, 사용자들은 에이전트가 적극적, 소극적 체면을 존중해 주는 공손 전략을 사용하였을 경우 에이전트를 보다 긍정적으로 평가하고 상호작용을 긍정적으로 경험하였으며, 메시지가 공손하다고 지각하였다. 또한 이러한 효과는 에이전트에 대한 지각된 친밀성 정도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 친밀한 에이전트와 상호작용하였을 경우 적극적 체면을 위협하는 메시지의 부정적 효과가 완화되었으며 소극적 체면을 존중하는 간접적인 화법의 메시지보다 직접적으로 요구를 전달하는 소극적 체면을 위협하는 메시지가 긍정적으로 평가되었다. 이 결과는 에이전트 메시지에 공손전략을 부여하는 것이 에이전트에 대한 호의적 평가와 긍정적 사용자 경험을 이끌어낼 수 있음을 보여주는 것과 동시에 사용자와 에이전트의 관계 발달 정도에 따라 에이전트 메시지에 사용된 공손 전략의 설계가 변화해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.635-644
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• 2020

This paper examines the types and functions of politeness in German communication and how politeness strategy can be realized. 'Politeness' is not a grammatical terminology in German, but it can be found in many places in grammar. The criteria for politeness are not only organized according to the rules of the language system, but the boundaries are ambiguous because non-language factors affect communication. Politeness is an important strategic element as well as social value. The polite expression first appears in the grammatical level of invariant with the form of address according to the familiarity between the conversational parties, verb modus, and modal particle. Modal particle with familiarity is considered to be a positive politeness strategy that limits the listener's speech by weakening or avoiding face threatening act. Modal verbs is classified as polite expressions that do not impose a psychological burden by not forcing the listener to make a direct request. The results of this study are therefore expected to suggest a rationale for empirical research on politeness in German communication.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.261-283
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to consider the possibility of learning polite expressions of English using the mobile application Naver Band. To improve communicative competence, students need to develop sociolinguistic competence as well as grammatical and discourse competence. To be accordant to social context, the roles of the participants, and the purpose of the interaction, students have to make an appropriate utterance. When a hearer has a higher social status and is older than a speaker, or have low levels of familiarity, Korean native speaker tends to use polite expressions. Students need to learn polite expressions of English because English has a different honorific system from Korean. To realize the characteristics and function of polite language is one thing, but to learn it in a real classroom is another. This study attempts to apply the use of a mobile application, which is considered a user-friendly tool for students, into learning polite language using the UK historical drama, Downton Abbey. Two tests were administered to an experimental group that used the mobile application and a control group that used group work. The results of the two tests show that the use of the mobile application has a positive effect on learning polite expressions and is effective as an after-school activity. In an open-ended questionnaire, students tend to identify polite expressions as superior or high-level language forms and separate these forms from practical expressions. It should be noted as well that teachers need to consider instructing in modern English when using a historical drama in the teaching and learning of polite expressions.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.280-283
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• 2019

공손함은 인간 언어의 가장 흥미로운 특징 중 하나이며, 자연어처리 시스템이 인간과 자연스럽게 대화하기 위해 필수적으로 모델링해야 할 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 발화가 주어졌을 때, 이의 공손함을 판단할 수 있는 시스템을 구현한다. 이를 위해 딥러닝 방법인 양방향 LSTM 모델과, 최근 자연어처리 분야에서 각광받고 있는 BERT 모델에 대해 성능 비교를 수행하였다. 이 두 기술은 모두 문맥 정보를 반영할 수 있는 모델로서, 같은 단어라도 문맥 정보에 따라 의미가 달라질 수 있는 공손함의 미묘한 차이를 반영할 수 있다. 실험 결과, 여러 설정에 거쳐 BERT 모델이 양방향 LSTM 모델보다 더 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한, 발화가 구어체보다 문어체에 가까울 수록 딥러닝 모델의 성능이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 두 가지 방법의 성능을 인간의 판단 능력과 비교해본 결과, 위키피디아 도메인에서 BERT 모델이 91.71%의 성능을 보여 인간의 정확도인 86.72%를 상회함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.643-651
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• 2016

This study considers the value of English-language films as material for learning a foreign tongue using posh discourse. In daily life, when we decline an invitation or convey unpleasant information to a listener, we use polite expressions; we are careful with our words. English language learners need to learn polite expressions in order to interact peacefully with others; doing so can minimize conflict, which is inherent in social relationships. This study uses the British drama Downton Abbey, which is about aristocracy. This study analyzes the posh discourse used in Downton Abbey and insists that students need to learn it explicitly. It is important to learn the polite expressions of this authentic drama in a real classroom. This study suggests that students work in groups to create a short video, and to try to understand the characters' personalities. Movies, TV dramas, and sitcoms provide great content that shows the various functions of the language that students want to learn. As a source of learning material, film can help improve students' motivation and interest in learning a foreign language.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.230
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• pp.18-19
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• 1998

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.127-150
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the gap between university students' cognitions and expectations on users' cognitions about dimensions of library staff service quality and the reason of gap. The results showed that the overal service didn't reach the users' minimum expectation. Among the every item of service quality, the greatest expectation service was the quick delivery of non home library materials and staff's politeness. The most great was in-depth subject services and friendly encounter. The staff service quality gave the library satisfaction; in-depth subject services, exact understanding of user needs and politeness. The great gaps were caused to the lack of willingness to answer question, the lack of communication, and the lack of user care etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6527-6533
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• 2015

It is generally accepted that there are differences between men and women in linguistic communication style. Genderlect is a socio-linguistic term to refer to the linguistic differences spoken by specific gender. Some linguistic features are provided as evidence to show the genderlects: pitch, lexicon, intonation, grammar and styles. The purpose of this paper is to compare the characteristics of genderlect in English and Korean. To do so, I analyzed the scripts of an English movie, 'Mrs. Doubtfire' and Korean tv drama, 'Oohlala couple'. In "Mrs. Doubtfire, tension and laughter arose out of discrepancy from the way he looked (as a woman) and the way he spoke (like a man). The same is true with "Oohlala couple." In the language of Mrs. Doubtfire, male speech characteristics with nouns were salient while in "Oohlala couple" with verb forms, especially with honorific style, which shows a difference between Korean and English genderlect. Korean language has special genderlect characteristics with honorific speech style realized in verb endings. In Korean the highest honorific speech style, 'Habsho-che' is used in official situation and men are more accustomed to it than women. When women have to use polite expressions they have to choose between the highest honorific style, 'Habsho-che' losing the female characteristics or the second highest honorific style 'Haeyo-che' keeping the female characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2010

말하기는 곧 행위라는 주장이 화용론의 핵심명제이다. VTS 대화는 선박들의 효율적이고 안전한 항해를 위해 이루어지는 언어적 상호작용 행위이다. 본 연구에서는 모든 VTS 화행은 항해행위의 수행에 따른 부수적인 요소가 아니라 필수불가결한 요소라는 점에 주목하고자 하였다. 먼저 화용론에서 다루는 대화의 협력원칙, 공손원칙, 명령화행 및 약속화행의 적정성, 최소대화의 원칙을 VTS 대화 상황에 적용하여 VTS 화행의 특성을 정립하고자 하였다. 그리고 실제 발생했던 해양사고에서 선박 간 담화 또는 대화를 분석함으로써 화용론적 실패가 충돌사고에 어떻게 영향을 끼치는지를 검토해보았다. VTS 상황에서 이루어지는 담화 또는 대화분석을 통해 해양사고의 원인을 심도 있게 분석하는 방안과 이의 결과를 항해사 및 관제사 교육에 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 덧붙여서 co-Navigation 개념이 항해안전의 새로운 패러다임이 되어야 한다는 것을 주장하였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.381-388
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• 2020

This paper discusses English Hedges or Hedging Expressions on the basis of their morphosyntactic-pragramatic properties within the perspective of sociolinguistics. The term, 'Hedges' for the past decades since Lakoff(1973), has received little attention from the English grammar circles such as morphosyntax and the generative grammar theories. This paper presents a more comprehensive approach to the identification, distributions, functions, and the morphosyntactic properties of English Hedges. The earlier research on English Hedges in the 70's show that hedges are metalinguistic or mitadiscourse expressions which constitute a means for executing Politeness strategy in pragmatics. Nonetheless, research from the interface of syntactic-pragmatics has been scarce. This article suggests a more complex body of English hedges that have not been extensively discussed in the literature. Additionally, their configurational domain is to be proposed as part of the PolP with [±hedged] above CP⁺ (or CP beyond). The ramifications of the current study are suggested in terms of comparative linguistics, EFL/ESL studies of English for global communication, and pragmatics-sensitive machine translation studies in the forseeable future.