• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.821-827
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• 2014

Many researches on the usage of shared spectrum have continuously been carried out to solve the recent frequency shortage problem and to use efficiently the spectrum without interference. Also, exponential mobile data growth and the solutions needed to address this challenge are parallel key objectives addressed in many countries. Spectrum policy innovation to meet this challenge is the ASA/LSA (Authorized Shared Access/Licensed Shared Access), which is the best access model to employ the small cell technology to meet this mobile traffic growth. Because 3.5 GHz bands is considered as the ASA/LSA frequency, in this paper, we propose the SAM(Spectrum Access Model) in 3~4 GHz bands to estimate the available ASA/LSA bands and to open more free spectrum. These results are utilized as the data to develop the SAM for the small cell and the open frequency in future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 2014

An additional relationship equation is numerically obtained to increase the accuracy of the conventional equation for obtaining the resonant frequency of a resonator. Although the conventional equation is widely used in industry because of its simplicity, it does not provide enough information on the cavity or the neck of the resonator for noise reduction in a duct. Resonator designers have difficulty implementing resonator design owing to the uncertainty in geometry presented by the well-known formula for determining the resonant frequency. To overcome this problem, this work determines an approximate equation using results of numerical calculation. To this end, shape parameters of the neck and cavity of a resonator are defined, and an equation describing the relationship between them is derived by adjusting the peak frequency in the transmission loss curve of a resonator to its resonant frequency. The application and validity of the derived equation are investigated in a numerical simulation and an acoustic experiment, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The impact echo and impulse response methods were applied to the safety inspection of concrete structure, which has the rear cavity. The concrete structure model used in this study was divided into four sections, pure concrete, concrete+cavity, reinforced concrete with iron bar, and reinforced concrete+cavity, respectively. Previous study performed by authors have showed a possibility of success to use these method for detection of the rear cavity of concrete structure. Therefore, we tried to get more enhanced result with IE and IR methods through this study. Especially, IE and IR methods are relatively accurate to map the point of measurement, which makes it possible to interpret the depth of the concrete bed and effect by rear cavity with confidence. Followings were revealed from the results; the IE method shows some small peak zones probably indicating the rear cavity in the frequency lower than the resonance frequency and the changes of mobility and dynamic stiffness in the IR method indicate the weak zones. The proposed methods can be used to delineate the weak zones of the concrete structure.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.19-28
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• 2022

Cavities behind concrete walls can adversely affect the stability of structures. Thus study aims to detect cavities behind concrete structures using a microphone in a laboratory model test. A small-scale concrete wall is constructed in a chamber, which is composed of a reinforced concrete plate and dry soil. A plastic bowl is then placed between the plate and soil to simulate a cavity behind the concrete structure. Leaky surface acoustic waves are generated by impacting the concrete plate using a hammer and are measured using a microphone. The measured signals are analyzed using natural frequencies, and cavity-free sections are evaluated. The test results show that the first natural frequency decreases at the cavity section due to the flexural vibration behavior of the plate. In addition, the amplitude corresponding to the first natural frequency decreases as the measurement location becomes farther from the cavity center and significantly decreases at the measurement locations near the rebars. This study demonstrates that a microphone may be useful to detect cavities behind concrete walls.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 2024

This study investigates acoustic emission (AE) and micro-deformation characteristics of circular openings through biaxial compression experiments. The experimental results showed a significant increase in the frequency, count, energy, and amplitude of AE signals immediately before damage occurred in the circular opening. The differences in frequency and count between before and after damage initiation were significantly pronounced, indicating suitable factors for identifying damage occurrence in circular openings. The results for digital image correlation (DIC) technique revealed that micro-deformation was concentrated around the openings, as evidenced by the spatial distribution of strain. In addition, spalling was observed at the end of the experiments. The AE and micro-deformation characteristics presented in this study are expected to serve as fundamental data for evaluating the stability of underground openings and boreholes for deep subsurface projects.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.144-151
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• 2007

2 500${\sim}$2 690MHz 대역은 전 세계적으로 우주업무와 지상업무가 공동으로 이용하는 대역으로서, 한정된 전파자원의 환경 하에서 이 주파수 대역의 공유 문제가 이슈로 대두되었다. 이와 관련하여 국제전기통신연합의 전파통신부문(ITU-R) 최고 의결 회의인 세계전파통신회의(WRC)에서는 ITU-R로 하여금 이 주파수 대역의 공유를 위한 기술적/규정적 연구를 수행하게 하였고, 이 연구결과를 토대로 2007년 10월에 개최되는 WRC에서 관련 규정을 제/개정할 예정이다. 본 고에서는 ITU-R에서 수행된 주파수 공유 연구 결과, 각 국가/기구의 입장 및 2007년 7월 부산에서 개최된 아/태 지역 WRC 준비그룹의 최종 회의 결과 등을 분석하고 향후 대응 방안을 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.609-614
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• 2000

This numerical study investigate resonance frequency of natural convection for steady state, periodic flow and chaotic flow in two-dimensional direct numerical simulations, differentially heated, vertical cavities having aspect ratios near unity. The enclosure cavity has isothermal and time dependent temperature side walls and adiabatic top/bottom walls. The aspect ratio is 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2, and 3 for the varying Rayleigh number. Resonance frequency for AR=1 has decrease as the aspect ratio and the Rayleigh number are increasing.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

Frequency bandwidth has been combined to determine adequate frequency bandwidth which is necessary for nondestructive testing when using inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR). For imaging inside of concrete specimens using radar, the principles of radar and signal processing are discussed. Experimental data obtained from radar measurement of three different concrete specimens at two different frequency bandwidths of 2∼3.4 GHz, 3.4∼5.8 GHz and these two frequencies are combined to obtain improved imagery. A signal processing scheme has been implemented to visualize inside concrete specimens. The influence of frequency bandwidth was analyzed in nondestructive testing by changing frequency bandwidth for concrete specimen.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 2018

동아시아 VLBI 관측망(East-Asian VLBI Network; EAVN)은 한 중 일 각국의 전파망원경을 통합해서 구성되는 동아시아 지역의 새로운 VLBI 네트워크이다. EAVN은 2013년부터 공동이용관측을 실시하고 있는 한일 VLBI 관측망(KaVA)을 중심으로 총 20개 전파망원경을 포함한다. 4개 주파수(6.7/8/22/43 GHz)로 관측할 수 있으며, 최대로 0.6 mas (22 GHz)의 해상도로 관측할 수 있는 기능을 가지고 있다. 우리는 2017년 3월부터 5월까지 EAVN을 이용한 총 17번의 AGN 관측 캠페인을 실시하였다. 이것은 ALMA를 이용한 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 관측과 같은 시기에 실시되며, 총 15개의 전파망원경이 참가하였다. 이 관측을 통해서 EAVN으로 얻은 영상이 KaVA의 영상에 대해 80% 정도 성능이 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 주된 관측천체인 M87과 Sgr A*의 영상은 과거의 결과를 재현해서 AGN 중심 주변의 sub-pc 스케일의 제트 구조를 보다 자세히 볼 수가 있었다. 이 결과에 의거해서 우리는 KaVA의 관측시간의 일부를 이용해서 2018년 하반기부터 EAVN의 공동이용관측을 시작한다. 공개될 범위는 KaVA, 일본 Nobeyama 45 m, 중국 Tianma 65 m의 총 9개 망원경이며, 중국 Nanshan 26 m 망원경도 Large Program 관측에 한해서 참가한다. 관측주파수는 22 GHz (KaVA + Tianma) 및 43 GHz (KaVA + Tianma + Nobeyama) 이며, 오는 관측시즌(2018년 8월부터 2019년 1월까지)에 제공될 총 관측시간은 100 시간이다. 관측제안서 제출 마감날은 6월 1일이며, 많은 관측제안서가 제출될 것을 기대한다. 이 발표에서는 EAVN AGN 캠페인의 결과 및 EAVN 공동이용 관측의 자세한 내용을 보고한다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.291-296
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• 2006

The aspect of wave propagation around cavity was investigated for the exact inversion of crosshole tomography data in order to understand the possibility of the existence of underground cavity. We found that the adequate frequency range for the tunnel investigation was about 2kHz to 5kHz, and the grid space was set up to 1/10 length of wavelength. The propagation of the seismic wave near the cavity may go through or detour the cavity according to the seismic velocity of inside of cavity. The detouring wave propagates with the seismic velocity of mother rock in spite of the velocity of inside of cavity. The smaller the velocity difference between the mother rock and cavity, the more frequent penetration of the seismic wave through the cavity was appeared.