• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.378-398
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• 2016

This paper aims to clarify the process of institutionalization of customary land ownership along with the expansion of coffee plantation in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. Vietnam is the second-largest coffee exporter in the world. Most of the coffee areas are concentrated in Dak Lak-a province of commercial agricultural production. The expansion of coffee plantation in Dak Lak have brought a severe competition of land resources, and resulted in the transition of land ownership scheme from customary commons by ethnic minorities to those of exculsive private assets which is secured by the state. Institutionalization of customary land ownership in Dak Lak, however, was differently happened according to the geography from the center of state power as well as the value of land resources. In this paper, the authors argue that institutionalization of customary land ownership in Dak Lak was a result of compromising between statemaking process in the frontiers and "everyday resistance" of ethnic minorities, comparing 3 geographically different ethnic minorities' communities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

The experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for the induction of hairy roots in ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) by Agrobacterium spp. We were examined the antibiotics resistance of Agrobacterium spp and various ginseng parts, and the media for induction of hairy roots. The optimum concentration of NaOCl for sterilization of ginseng root segments without tissue damage with reduce of contamination was 7% NaOCl for 15-20 min and 9% NaOCl for 5 min, respectively. The more ginseng ages, the more contamination of ginseng root segment by sterilized in 7% NaOCl for 20 min, and especially in ginseng root segments with epidermis in six-year old roots. The growth of Agrobacterium spp were inhibited, but ginseng root segments was death in 30mg/L tetracycline. In 500mg/L cefotaxime or 500mg/L carbenicillin, the growth of Agrobacterium sup were inhibited, and root segments was grown normally. The optimum conditions for induction of hairy roots were using the root segments of three-year old ginseng cultured in 1/2MS medium supplemented with 500mg/L cefotaxime, and inoculation of Agrobacterium to root segments were better co-culture than smear method. After 2 weeks co-culture, the callus induced in cambium of root segments cultured in 1/2MS solid medium with 500mg/L cefotaxime. And then after 2 weeks, ginseng hairy roots were induced in callus of root segments. PCR analysis of rot C gene fragment confirmed that hairy roots were transgenic tissues.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2017

Globally, there has been a lot of research related to recycling coal ash from power plant stations. This research is happening because there is a considerable shortage of sites for reclamation of increased coal ash every year. In addition, a variety of environmental pollutants have appeared because of mining activity. Abandoned coal mine, pits, and mine tailing piles caused pollutants to come to the surface resulting in serious damage for humans and the environment. Therefore in this study, we investigated whether or not coal ashes have the ability to prevent several environmental problems by mining in Korea and a manageable form recycling coal ashes. In overseas countries, there is a sufficient field of applicable cases where coal ash is used for neutralizing AMD (Acid Mine Drainage), covering of the waste materials, grouting, and soil amendments. However in Korea, since the coal ash is classified as a 'waste', there is an insufficient field applicable cases so far. Therefore it is necessary to establish a specific standard and management system for the utilization of coal ash based on the relevant precedent cases applied abroad in order to prevent environmental pollution caused by mining activity in Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The essential role of the Division of Earth Sciences(EAR) in the Directorate of Geoscience(GEO) of National Science Foundation of America(NSF) is to support basic research aimed at acquiring fundamental knowledge of the Earth system that can be directly applied to the United States' strategic needs. The 2011 Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences(NROES) of the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) identified specific areas of the basic earth science research scope of the EAR that were poised for rapid progress during the next decade. Quantified by interdisciplinary approaches, the Committee highlighted the following topics relating to the EAR Deep Earth Processes and Surface Earth Processes sections: (1) the early Earth; (2) thermochemical internal dynamics and volatile distribution; (3) faulting and deformation processes; (4) interactions among climate, the Earth surface processes, tectonics, and deep Earth processes; (5) co-evolution of life, environment, and climate; (6) coupled hydrogeomorphic-ecosystem response to natural and anthropogenic change; and (7) interactions of biogeochemical and water cycles in terrestrial environments. We also promote future research challenges such as the critical zone studies. In order to promote more active such a huge future research challenges, additional research support policies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.129-155
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• 2021

This study tried to suggest the revitalization plans for specialized libraries by referring to various issues regarding specialized libraries in the sense that the issue of specialized libraries can soon become an opportunity for the development of specialized libraries. Through literature analysis, problems and issues related to specialized libraries were derived, and the perception of librarians was investigated through surveys. The policy directions presented based on the results are as follows. First, the 'Library Development Plan' should strengthen the part related to the specialized library development plan. Second, topic maps for specialized libraries in Korea are needed.(Second, the topic map for specialized libraries in Korea is needed.) Third, it is also necessary to operate to configure multiple councils based on the distinction between the specialized library. Fourth, an analysis of the duties of specialized library librarians should be made. Fifth, professional information services that specialized libraries can perform need to be developed. Sixth, among the information resources owned by specialized libraries, it is necessary to find ways to establish and jointly utilize information resources that are valuable and shareable as national resources. Seventh, specialized libraries should allow every library to participate in library evaluation, and make improvement plans for specialized libraries based on the collected data. Eighth, it is also necessary to publish a collection of best practices for specialized libraries.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.443-450
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• 2021

The effects of blast furnace slag(BFS) and desulfurized gypsum(FDG) on the compressive strength of CFBA, and self-hydration of CFBA were studied. CFBA has self-hydrating and hardening properties, and it can be seen that the compressive strength of CFBA can be improved by using appropriate amounts of BFS and FDG. In addition, the self-hardening properties of CFBA are similar to the hydration reaction of 4CaO·Al₂O₃·Fe₂O₃ (C₄AF), a cement clinker mineral, and when free-CaO, CaSO₄ and CaCO₃ coexist, Compressive strength of CFBA is expressed by the formation of calcium carbo compounds and hydrates of ettringite, calcium silicate, and calcium aluminate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.275-290
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• 2019

Geochemical study was conducted to elucidate the origin of fluorine (F) distributed in the rocks within the four areas of Yongyudo and Sammokdo, Incheon, which have been used as the source area of land reclamation for the $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ stage construction sites of the Incheon International Airport. The main geology of the study area is Triassic biotite granite. Fluorine is contained at high levels in biotite granite, mylonite, and dykes (andesite and, basaltic-andesite). Furthermore, the higher concentrations of fluorine in the biotite granite can be contributed to fluorite. The results of microscopic analyses reveal that the fluorite was mostly observed as small vienlets together with quartz. This features support that fluorite was naturally formed due to the secondary process of hydrothermal fluids. In addition, fluorine was investigated to be highly enriched in a large amount of mica within the veins. In the case of mylonite, a high levels of fluorine was contributed to a large amount of sericite. The sericites contained in the mylointe, differently to those of the biotite granite, filled the micro-fractures of quartz formed as a result of mylonitization and included small cataclastic quartz grains. This indicates that fluorine was naturally enriched due to the alteration of hydrothermal fluids filling fractured zones formed by mylonitization. Consequently, the results of petrological and mineralogical study confirm that the fluorine distributed in the rocks within the Yongyudo and Sammokdo originated naturally.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.160-171
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• 2014

The provision of support for the art of making these items needs to be considered with the focus on the following factors: the local situation of the areas where such traditional handicrafts are still made, the craftspeople involved in their production, and their communities. So far, discussion about how to reinvigorate traditional handicrafts, including those mentioned above, has been concentrated on the measures taken to promote them as part of the handicrafts industry and the allocation of the government's budget for important intangible cultural heritages. The government runs a traditional handicrafts management system and provides financial support for the craftspeople and spaces for exhibiting their work. This form of support has led to systematic management of traditional handicrafts and heightened public interest in cultural heritage, as well as publicizing the country's traditional crafts, but has made little progress in the following areas: the fostering of young people willing to learn traditional skills, diversification of the types of skills to be maintained, or establishment of the networks of collaboration among the craftspeople. The most important aspect among the efforts mentioned above is to maintain cultural traditions that are unique to each region by encouraging local craftspeople to engage in their work with a solid sense of pride backed up by financial support. This study was carried out in connection with the need to reinvigorate the art of making tanggeon (horsehair crown), manggeon (horsehair headband), and gat (black horsehair hat), which few people wear as they are used only for ornamental purposes nowadays. This study examined the circumstances surrounding the artisans engaged in the production of horsehair handicrafts prior to their designation as a cultural heritage, and the changes that occurred in the local communities associated with their production after the designation, in order to assess the status of inheritance of this tradition.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-213
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• 2019

We simulated the fault reactivation experiment conducted at 'Main Fault' intersecting the low permeability clay formations of Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory in Switzerland using TOUGH-FLAC simulator. The fluid flow along a fault was modelled with solid elements and governed by Darcy's law with the cubic law in TOUGH2, whereas the mechanical behavior of a single fault was represented by creating interface elements between two separating rock blocks in FLAC3D. We formulate the hydro-mechanical coupling relation of hydraulic aperture to consider the elastic fracture opening and failure-induced dilation for reproducing the abrupt changes in injection flow rate and monitoring pressure at fracture opening pressure. A parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of in-situ stress condition and fault deformation and strength parameters and to find the optimal parameter set to reproduce the field observations. In the best matching simulation, the fracture opening pressure and variations of injection flow rate and monitoring pressure showed good agreement with field experiment results, which suggests the capability of the numerical model to reasonably capture the fracture opening and propagation process. The model overestimated the fault displacement in shear direction and the range of reactivated zone, which was attributed to the progressive shear failures along the fault at high injection pressure. In the field experiment results, however, fracture tensile opening seems the dominant mechanism affecting the hydraulic aperture increase.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2019

1953년 7월 27일 정전협정 이후 한반도를 가로지르는 DMZ (Demilitarized zone: 비무장지대)가 설정되었다. DMZ에 출입은 군사정전위원회의 허가가 있어야 가능하기에 군사시설 및 군작전지역을 포함하여 DMZ 및 민간인통제선 이북은 민간인 접근의 제한으로, 단절된 공간으로 변모하였다. DMZ는 우리나라의 대표적인 동고서저의 지형 및 다양한 생태환경을 두루 갖추고 있어 중요한 생태적 요충지로 평가받고 있다. 산림지역은 민간인통제지역까지 합치면 40여개의 산지가 분포하고 있으며, 하천은 크게 15개의 크고 작은 하천이 위치하고 있다. 남방한계선 수계를 따라 일부지역들은 하천 배후습지, 묵논습지 등 습원형태로도 많이 발견되고 있다. 이런 습원지역들은 대부분 미확인 지뢰지대로 접근이 제한적인 만큼 지난 세월의 흔적들을 고스란히 담고 있다. 1965년 한국자연보존연구회는 30여명의 국내학자를 동원하여 서울에서 가까운 DMZ 인접지역에 대한 예비적인 학술조사를 실시하였으며, 이를 계기로 1966년 10월부터 1968년 9월까지 2년간에 걸쳐 한국자연보존위원회 34명의 국내학자와 미국 스미소니언연구소(Smithsonian Institution) H. K. Buechner 박사를 대표로 5명의 국외학자가 공동으로 종합적인 학술조사를 수행하였다. 이는 DMZ 연구의 시작을 알렸으며, 이후 남북관계나 시대여건에 맞추어 간헐적으로 다양한 조사 및 연구들이 이어져오고 있다. 2015년부터 2018년까지 DMZ 철책주변 현장조사를 통해 확인된 식물현황은 964분류군이다. 군시설로 인해 식물서식환경이 제한적인 상황이지만 척박한 환경에 적응하고 있는 식물은 다양하다. DMZ와 맞닿아 있는 7개 지역에 대한 식물현황은 철원 638분류군, 연천 631분류군, 양구 525분류군 순으로 나타났다. 대부분 중동부 지역에 높은 식물종수가 나타났으며, 서부와 동부의 식물들이 고르게 나타나는 결과로 보인다. 큰잎쓴풀, 봉래꼬리풀 등 희귀식물도 있는 반면, 잠재적으로 생태계에 영향을 줄 수 있는 침입외래식물도 다수 포함되어 있어서, 지속적인 모니터링 및 관리가 필요하다. 그 중에서도 양구지역에 새롭게 발견된 Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br.(양귀비과)는 독성이 포함된 식물이며, 인제에서 2014년에 발견된 미역취아재비는 DMZ일원에 제한적으로 분포하는 종이였으나 현재 연천에서 발견되는 등 확산에 대한 관리방안이 필요하다.