• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Datamining from the large data in the form of various techniques for obtaining information have been developed. In recent years one of the most sought areas of pattern recognition and machine learning method is created with most of existing learning algorithms based on categorical attributes to a rule or decision model. However, the real-world data, it may consist of numeric attributes in many cases. In addition it contains attributes with numerical values to the normal categorical attribute. In this case, therefore, it is required processes in order to use the data to learn an appropriate value for the type attribute. In this paper, the domain of the numeric attributes are divided into several segments using learning algorithm techniques of discritization. It is described Clustering with other data mining techniques. Large amount of first cluster with characteristics is similar records from the database into smaller groups that split multiple given finite patterns in the pattern space. It is close to each other of a set of patterns that together make up a bunch. Among the set without specifying a particular category in a given data by extracting a pattern. It will be described similar grouping of data clustering technique to classify the data.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 1995

In order to construct a feature map-based phoneme classification system for speech recognition, two procedures are usually required. One is clustering and the other is labeling. In this paper, we present a phoneme classification system based on the Kohonen's Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) for clusterer and labeler. It is known that the SOFM performs self-organizing process by which optimal local topographical mapping of the signal space and yields a reasonably high accuracy in recognition tasks. Consequently, SOFM can effectively be applied to the recognition of phonemes. Besides to improve the performance of the phoneme classification system, we propose the learning algorithm combined with the classical K-mans clustering algorithm in fine-tuning stage. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed phoneme classification algorithm, we first use totaly 43 phonemes which construct six intra-class feature maps for six different phoneme classes. From the speaker-dependent phoneme classification tests using these six feature maps, we obtain recognition rate of $87.2\%$ and confirm that the proposed algorithm is an efficient method for improvement of recognition performance and convergence speed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2013

This paper focuses upon the relationship between port and port city. The purpose of this study is to theoretically review the relationship between port and its city, and to identify crucial policy directions for mutual development of port and the backward city in the case of Gwangyang Port (GP), Korea. The contents of this paper consist of five main sections: introduction; a concept of port-port city relationship; an analysis of the relationship between GP and its city; policy directions for GP city; conclusion. This study was mainly conducted by a literature review of the papers/reports and the analysis of secondary data. Significant policy strategies are associated with development of value-added logistics, expansion of additional port business, vitalization of port hinterlands, and establishment of port logistics clusters in terms of port economic function. Green port operation, improvements of coastal environment, establishment of port waterfronts, and conceptual port redevelopment master plan are included in the major port city development strategies in terms of sustainable development. Another major port city development strategies contain major port city master plan, institutional arrangements for port city development, specialized port city development policy, and formation of free trade port city in relation to integrated port-port city planning and management.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2013

The amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in relation to dry weight (D.W.) were measured in zooplankton from the large four rivers (Han R., Geum R., Yeongsan R. and Seomjin R.) during 2004~2008. The stoichiometry of total zooplankton in four river systems was highly variable. The ranges of average C, N and P-contents were $70{\sim}620mgC\;mg^{-1}$ D.W., $7.1{\sim}85.5{\mu}gN\;mg^{-1}$ D.W. and $2.5{\sim}7.4{\mu}gP\;mg^{-1}$ D.W., respectively. The mean C :N: P atomic ratios reflected large spatial differences. The C : P and N : P ratios of the zooplankton community ranged from 38 to 392 : 1 and from 4 to 65 : 1 in all sampling sites. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was applied to the survey data, and the study sites were clearly classified into 3 clusters. Clustering was largely affected by the distribution pattern of C, N, P-contents, which is related with characteristics of river systems on the basis of stoichiometry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to examine the regional features of shipbuilding-allied industries comprehensively. Inaddition, this study would offer groundwork to construct spatial networks of shipbuilding-allied industries. Relatively in short term, large modem shipbuilding firms of South Korea have developed under the national strategic support, around southeast coast region. Although small shipbuilding firms and marine equipment firms have supported regional economy, these firms have scaled down their functions and roles due to the national policy. In the long tenn, Korean shipbuilding-allied industries have limitations in stable development, because they have separated their roles. Consequently it is necessary the balanced development of large, medium, and small shipbuilding firms and linkage system with marine equipment firms for overall development of shipbuilding-allied industries. This study suggests two spatial strategy for shipbuilding-allied industries development. First, we need to construct a shipbuilding specialization area which agglomerates competent parts firms adjacent to large shipyards. Second, in national strategy, a long term strategy is required to utilize extremely synergy and external effects induced from a shipbuilding duster of southeast coast region which systematically combines shipbuilding-allied industries, universities, the government authorities, and research institutions.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2004

With rapid growth in the amount of data transferred on the Internet, traditional storage systems have reached the limits of their capacity and performance. SAN (Storage Area Network), which connects hosts to disk with the Fibre Channel switches, provides one of the powerful solutions to scale the data storage and servers. In this environment, the maintenance of data consistency among hosts is an important issue because multiple hosts share the files on disks attached to the SAN. To preserve data consistency, each host can execute the disk I/O whenever disk read and write operations are requested. However, frequent disk I/O requests cause the deterioration of the overall performance of a SAN cluster. In this paper, we introduce a SANtopia global buffer manager to improve the performance of a SAN cluster reducing the number of disk I/Os. We describe the design and algorithms of the SANtopia global buffer manager, which provides a buffer cache sharing mechanism among the hosts in the SAN cluster. Micro-benchmark results to measure the performance of block I/O operations show that the global buffer manager achieves speed-up by the factor of 1.8-12.8 compared with the existing method using disk I/O operations. Also, File system micro-benchmark results show that SANtopia file system with the global buffer manager improves performance by the factor of 1.06 in case of directories and 1.14 in case of files compared with the file system without a global buffer manager.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

PCI Express is a bus technology that connects the processor and the peripheral I/O devices that widely used as an industry standard because it has the characteristics of high-speed, low power. In addition, PCI Express is system interconnect technology such as Ethernet and Infiniband used in high-performance computing and computer cluster. PGAS(partitioned global address space) programming model is often used to implement the one-sided RDMA(remote direct memory access) from multi-host systems, such as computer clusters. In this paper, we design and implement a OpenSHMEM API based on PCI Express maintaining the existing features of OpenSHMEM to implement RDMA based on PCI Express. We perform experiment with implemented OpenSHMEM API through a matrix multiplication example from system which PCs connected with NTB(non-transparent bridge) technology of PCI Express. The PCI Express interconnection network is currently very expensive and is not yet widely available to the general public. Nevertheless, we actually implemented and evaluated a PCI Express based interconnection network on the RDK evaluation board. In addition, we have implemented the OpenSHMEM software stack, which is of great interest recently.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.367-380
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• 2002

Due to recent increase in applications requiring huge amount of data such as spatial data analysis and image analysis, clustering on large databases has been actively studied. In a hierarchical clustering method, a tree representing hierarchical decomposition of the database is first created, and then, used for efficient clustering. Existing hierarchical clustering methods mainly adopted the bottom-up approach, which creates a tree from the bottom to the topmost level of the hierarchy. These bottom-up methods require at least one scan over the entire database in order to build the tree and need to search most nodes of the tree since the clustering algorithm starts from the leaf level. In this paper, we propose a novel top-down hierarchical clustering method that uses multidimensional indexes that are already maintained in most database applications. Generally, multidimensional indexes have the clustering property storing similar objects in the same (or adjacent) data pares. Using this property we can find adjacent objects without calculating distances among them. We first formally define the cluster based on the density of objects. For the definition, we propose the concept of the region contrast partition based on the density of the region. To speed up the clustering algorithm, we use the branch-and-bound algorithm. We propose the bounds and formally prove their correctness. Experimental results show that the proposed method is at least as effective in quality of clustering as BIRCH, a bottom-up hierarchical clustering method, while reducing the number of page accesses by up to 26～187 times depending on the size of the database. As a result, we believe that the proposed method significantly improves the clustering performance in large databases and is practically usable in various database applications.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

In these days, rapid advances of the computer system and the high speed network have made the multimedia services popularized among various applications and services in the internet. Internet live broadcasting, a part of multimedia services, makes it possible to provide not only existing broadcasting services including audio and video but also interactive communications which also expand application scopes by freeing from both temporal and spatial limitation. In the Paper, an interned Personal-live broadcasting server system is developed by allowing individual users to actively create or join live-broadcasting services with such basic multimedia devices as a PC camera and a sound card. As the number of broadcasters and participants increases, concurrent multiple channels are established and groups are to be expanded. The system should also guarantee High Availability (HA) for continuous services even in the presence of partial failure of the cluster. Furthermore, a transmission mode switching is supported to consider network environments in the user system.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2022

Although edible insects are attracting attention as future alternative food because of their nutritional, eco-friendly, and economic advantages and functionality, consumption is low, so measures to promote consumption are needed. The problems in edible insect consumption were identified as the aversion to the edible insects, lack of publicity for edible insects newly registered in the Food Code, and difficulties in continuously supplying high-quality edible insects and selling products. To solve these problems, it is necessary to establish effective public relations plans for new edible insects and develop processing methods for improving their taste and flavor, education content about edible insects, and products interesting to the target age. In addition, it is necessary to establish a one-stop cluster that can perform quality control of harmful substances and nutrients, purchase raw materials, sell products, educate, and publicize.