• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.392-392
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• 2021

자료동화(data assimilation) 기법은 관측 자료와 예측 모형의 정보를 동시에 활용, 모형의 상태량(state variables)이나 매개변수(model parameters)를 실시간으로 업데이트하는 Bayesian 필터링 이론에 근거한 방법으로, 최근 이를 활용한 수문 모의 정확도 향상 기술이 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 앙상블 자료동화의 정확성을 향상시키기 위한 세부 방법인 along-the-stream localization과 inflation 기법의 분포형 수문 모형에 대한 적용성을 대규모 지역 단위(regional-scale) 모의를 통해 검토한다. 분포형 수문모형과 자료동화 framework로는 WRF-Hydro(Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological Modeling System)와 DART(Data Assimilation Research Testbed)를 각각 적용한다. WRF-Hydro는 미국의 전 대륙지역(CONUS; continental United States)에 대한 수문 모델링 framework인 National Water Model의 핵심엔진이고, DART는 미국 National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) 연구소에서 개발한 범용 자료동화 도구이다. 본 연구에서는 지표수 수문모형의 자료동화를 위해 개발된 기법인 along-the-stream localization과 inflation 기법이 하도 추적에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. along-the stream localization 기법은 공간적 근접도 외에 하도의 수문학적 연관관계를 고려하는 localization 기법으로, 상대적으로 수문학적 상관도가 떨어지는 하도에 대한 과도한 자료동화를 줄여줄 수 있다. inflation 기법은 앙상블의 다양성을 증가시키는 기법으로, 칼만 필터(Kalman filter)에 의한 업데이트의 이전이나 이후 적용하여 앙상블 예측의 정확도를 추가적으로 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 고에서는 앙상블 자료동화 기법을 지표수 수문 모의에 적용할 경우 남아 있는 난제와 적용 가능한 방법에 대해 중점적으로 논의한다.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2023

In recent times, there has been a surge in media coverage regarding fraudulent real estate lease scams. These scams have been attributed to speculators who made imprudent gap investments, in response to the sudden decline in real estate prices. The government has established new measures to safeguard tenants and prevent fraudulent real estate lease schemes in response to the growing incidence of tenants falling victim to such scams. Although there have been active research efforts on laws and regulations aimed at protecting tenants, such as the Tenant Protection Act and leasehold registration orders, there is an urgent need for research on the consistency of information across public ledgers, as real estate fraud has surged due to information asymmetry among these ledgers. This study aims to explore matching methodologies using matching keys for building information from real estate-related public ledgers, such as the building register and the road name address ledger, as well as to examine ways to integrate these ledgers with other public ledgers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.295-303
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• 2010

The variability of vegetation is strongly related to the variability of hydrometeorological factors such as precipitation, temperature, runoff and so on. Analysis of the variability of vegetation will aid to understand the regional impact of climate change. Thus we analyzed the spatial-temporal variability of NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)/AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). In the results from Mann-Kendall test, there is no significant linear trend of annual NDVI from 1982 to 2006 in the most area except the downward trend on the significance level 90% in the Guem-river basin area. In addition, using EOF(Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis, the variability of NDVI in the region of higher latitude and altitude is higher than that in the other region since the spatial variability of NDVI follows the latitudinal gradient. Also we could get higher NDVI in June, July, August and September. We had the highest NDVI in Han-river basin area and the lowest in Je-Ju island.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

An elevator is a mechanical and electronic device composed of about 20,000 various parts, and is systematically operated with a close relationship with each other. By intuitively understanding this complex elevator structure and efficiently recognizing the operating model, it will be possible to increase the understanding of the elevator system and the efficiency of maintenance. The existing elevator management system is a process of collecting and understanding information based on data generated from elevators, and has a structure that lacks efficiency in expressing and managing real-world information during elevator maintenance. Therefore, this paper proposes a simulator framework that can operate efficiently based on the actual elevator model. By constructing the recognition of specific objects through a 3D-based service model and visualizing the operation process, it will be possible to enhance the understanding of the structure and operation required for elevator operation. To this end, the core components of the elevator system are identified, the relationship between them and the operating method are visualized, and a simulator is implemented. Based on this, it will be possible to provide a realistic information management and operating environment in virtual space and real platform.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2022

최근 기후변화로 인한 국지성 호우 빈도 및 강수량이 급증하는 등 극한강우 발생 가능성이 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 공공 기반의 유역 및 지자체별 침수 대응은 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으나, 건설 현장 대응은 이에 비해 미흡한 실정이다. 특히, 건설 현장의 경우, 예측할 수 없는 홍수 유출에 대해서도 기존 설계시 반영된 홍수 유출량과 기상청 정보에만 의존하고 있어 극한강우 발생시 취약성을 나타낼 수 있다. 특히, Top-down 현장은 개구부, 표면 작업을 위한 포장 등에 의해 지하부로 유입되는 강우량이 많고, 지하 굴착공사시 단차 및 지하수 발생으로 극한강우시 침수에 의한 수재해 발생 확률이 높다. 이를 대비하기 위해 XP-SWMM 모형을 이용하여 지상부와 지하부의 강우-유출량을 산정하고 지하부 침수를 모의하였다. 실제 Top-down 현장조사를 통해 침수 관련 인자와 XP-SWMM을 연계하여 침수모의 기법에 적용하였다. 관련 주요인자는 강우량, 현장 지상부 면적, 지상부 배수로, 지하 유입부, 지하 배수펌프 등으로 현장 조사결과 나타났다. 강우자료의 경우, 극한강우를 고려하기 위해 현장 지역의 최대 강우량, 태풍 루사와 기상청 강우의 증가 시나리오를 고려하여 모의에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 극한강우에 대한 Top-down 침수 모의를 수행할 수 있는 상용 모델링과 이와연관된 인자를 도출하여 침수 모의 기법을 최적화 하였다. 이러한 침수 모의를 통해 Top-Down 현장 침수심 등을 예측할 수 있다. 향후 이를 통해 지하공간이 있는 건설현장의 강우-유출 현상및 침수 모의가 가능하고, 실시간 현장별 침수 예측 모델 개발로 현장별 대피경로 및 대응방안을 제시하여 인적 피해를 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.256-273
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• 2023

This study analyzed the structural changes in the global foreign direct investment (FDI) network using stock data from the International Monetary Fund's Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS) for 2009~2021. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the FDI links between countries and the activities of reciprocal relationships. The United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom consistently play central roles in the global FDI network. The degree centrality of China has changed significantly over time in confronting the volatile situation of the world economy. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed a significant association between FDI clusters and geographic regions. Within each cluster, the linkage structure of FDI partners of closely connected individual countries has exhibited differential characteristics as the global economic environment changes.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

This study attempts to investigate the spatial characteristics of cultural economies of Bukchon in Seoul, where abundant cultural assets exist. This area has been the administrative-political core locale since 14C, therefore, a lot of traditional- and contemporary-cultural facilities are remains, This area possessed unique place characteristics by coexisting traditional and modern cultures, and thus attracted to culture demanders. Recently many economic activities have increased in this area, and most of them are related with the cultural elements of the region, In particular creative retail shops, which produce goods by flexible-specialized production system, have been agglomerated in this area, The goods are designed, produced, and sold at the shop place. Most of them are uniquely designed hand made products, and produced a few amount. The economic value of these products related with the cultural environment of Bukchon. These creative shops emerged at the front of Samcheongdong street in the beginning, and then have diffused into the inside of Samcheongdong street and Hwagae street. The shops have very unique exteriors related with traditional houses in this area, and located on roadsides where are not many passerby. Most owners of the retail stores are highly educated and studied design, and produce goods by themselves at the shops. The reason that they opened their shops in Bukchon is directly related with the unique cultural environment of this area. They hope that more unique and artistic stores join this area so that developed this area as culture and fashion combined area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.79-96
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• 2021

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as 'particulate matter reduction plan' and 'green infrastructure planning elements'. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were 'Green New Deal' and 'Vacant land'. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2003

Purpose : Cortical dysplasia is known to be of variety of MR imaging findings. We attempted to classify MR imaging findings of cortical dysplasia into several types and to correlate those with histopathologic grades and subtypes. Materials and Methods : Preoperative MR images of 97 patients with pathologically-proven cortical dysplasia were retrospectively reviewed with knowledge of the diagnosis and operative sites. The patients were divided into MR-positive and MR-negative groups based on the presence or absence of MR imaging abnormalities. In MR-positive group, MR imaging features were arbitrarily classified into four types (atrophic, cortical-band, inward-rounding, and nonspecific types) on the basis of size of the gyrus and adjacent CSF space, cortical thickness, signal intensity of the subcortical white matter, and blurring of the gray-white matter junction. The pathologic findings were also retrospectively reviewed without knowledge of MR imaging findings and divided into three grades (mild, moderate, and severe) and two subtypes (nonballoon-cell and balloon-cell). Pathologic grades and subtypes we re compared between MR-positive and MR-negative groups. Four MR types of the MR-positive group were correlated with the pathologic grades and subtypes. Results : MR-positive and MR-negative groups consisted of 39 (40%) and 58 (60%) patients, respectively. Of the MR-positive group, atrophic type was seen in 13 patients (33 %), cortical-band type in 9 (23%), inward-rounding type in 9 (23%), and nonspecific type in 8 (21%). There was no significant difference in the pathologic grades between MR-positive and MR-negative groups, although MR-positive group tended to have higher pathologic grades than MR-negative group did. Balloon-cell subtype was found significantly higher in MR-positive group than in MR-negative group (p<0 .05): 21% (8/39) versus 5% (3/58). The inward-rounding type corresponded to the pathologically severe grade and balloon-cell subtype in 78% (7/9) and 56% (5/9) of the patients, respectively, while the atrophic type to the mild grade and nonballoon-cell subtype in 77% (10/13) and 100% (13/13), respectively. Conclusion : A variety of MR imaging abnormalities were found in 40% of the patients with cortical dysplasia and those were classified into four types (atrophic, cortical-band, inward-rounding, and nonspecific types), of which the inward-rounding type correlated well with the pathologically severe grade and balloon-cell subtype, whereas the atrophic type with the mild grade and nonballoon-cell subtype.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.137-151
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• 2011

This dissertation aims to empirically analyze the effect of cultivation of software industry on the local economy through Inter-regional Software Input-Output Analysis. The temporal range of analysis of effect of software industry on the local economy shall be for the year 2005 since analysis is made on the basis of the Regional Industrial Input-Output Table published by the Bank of Korea in 2005, and spatial domain shall be limited to the 16 metropolitan cities and provinces, which are the standards for each administrative zone. Results of analysis of this dissertation are as follows. Firstly, average inverse matrix coefficient of software industry for each region was computed to be 1.6248, which is lower than the average inverse matrix coefficient of 1.7979 for the entire industries. Secondly, among these, inverse matrix coefficient of software industry for each region on other industry within the same region was 0.1794, which is higher than that of entire industries at 0.1382. However, average inverse matrix coefficients of software industry for each region on self-industry within the same region and entire industries in other regions were found to be 1.0119 and 0.4335, respectively, which is lower than those of entire industries at 1.0982 and 0.5616, respectively. Thirdly, domestic produces induced by final demand items of software industry for each region was the highest for Seoul with 17.3309 trillion Korean won, accounting for 81.0% of the total, followed by Gyeonggi with 2.3370 trillion Korean won, 10.9% of the total. Fourthly, distribution ratios of domestic produces induced by final demand items of software industry for each region were found to be 19.1%, 72.1% and 8.8% with respect to the weight of consumption, investment and export, respectively, thereby illustrating very high level of distribution ratios of domestic produces being induced by investment in comparison to the distribution ratios of domestic produces being induced for the entire industries at 47.3%, 19.8% and 32.9%, respectively.