• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.302-319
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• 1995

The geochemical properties, sedimentation rates, foraminiferal distributions, and oxygen and carbon isotope records of sediment from Cores S-2 and S-19 were studied to investigate late Holocene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes of the admiralty and Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Total organic carbon contents increased from the lower part to the upper part of Cores S-2 and S-19, whereas calcium carbonate contents decreased from the lower part to the upper part of Cores S-2 and s-19,whereas calcium carbonate contents decreased from the lower part to the upper part of Cores S-2 and S-19. Twenty-seven foraminiferal species were identified, and Globocassidurina biora was mostly a bundant in sediment samples. The sedimentation rates ranged from 24 cm/kyr to 237 cm/kyr based on /SUP 14/C-age dating of G. biora. The sedimentation rates increased rapidly in the upper part of the Cores. б/SUP 18/O values ranged from 0.3% to 6.2% and б/SUP 13/C values ranged from -3.0% to 0.0% with several fluctuations of the values. The lowest part of Core S-2, at 128 cmbsf in depth, had a /SUP 14/C-age of 3,100${\pm}$60 yr B.P. and the lowest part of Core S-19, at 230 cmbsf in depth, of 7,400${\pm}$ yr B.P. The results of geochemical and sedimentological analyses of the core sediments suggested five stages of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes as follows: war,-cold stage of 7,500∼6,500 yr B.P., cold stage of 6,500∼3,600 yr B.P., cold-warm stage of 3,600∼2,770 yr B.P., warm stage of 2,770∼2,380 yr B.P. and cold-warm stage of 2,380∼2,100 yr B.P.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2012

Background and Objectives : Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) originates from regurgitation of gastric contents to the laryngopharynx, and it is relatively common disease in otolaryngology. Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) medication is frequently using treatment method in present time, but controversies exist regarding treatment for it. High-resolution manometry (HRM) system is a newly developed device that using 36 channels and pressure topography plotting program, checking the function and status of esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical usefulness of HRM in LPRD patients who do not response to PPI medication. Materials and Method : From July 2009 to July 2010, a total of 99 patients who were suspected LPRD according to symptoms (Reflux Symptom Index >13) and laryngoscopic findings (Reflux Finding Score >7) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were consisted of 31 men and 68 women, the mean age was 51.8 years, the mean BMI was 22.46. Patients have taken PPI medication for 2 months, after medication, they performed HRM. Comparative analysis was performed with results of the difference in symptoms. Results : In 99 patients, 37 patients (37.4%) show not improvement of LPRD symptoms after PPI medication. Among them, 18 patients (48.6%) showed abnormal findings that were classified as Peristaltic dysfunction (38.9%), Diffuse esophageal spasm (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of LES (11.1%), Achalasia (5.6%), Hypotensive LES (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of UES (11.1%), Nutcracker esophagus (5.6%), Decreased resting pressure (5.6%). Other 62 patients (62.6%) show improvement of LPRD symptoms, 23 patients (37.1%) showed abnormal findings. Most common finding was Peristaltic dysfunction (43.4%) More prevalent abnormal findings of HRM were found in patients who revealed no response to PPI medication (48.6% vs. 37.1%), but it does not reach the statistical significance. Conclusion : Although statistical significances is not showed, the difference observed in the frequency of HRM abnormal finding between response and no response for PPI medication. It has been estimated that HRM may be used to determine differential diagnosis in patients with LPRD. Further studies in lager population containing normal controls will be needed to prove clinical usefulness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) originates from regurgitation of gastric contents to the laryngopharynx, and it is relatively common disease in otolaryngology. Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) medication is frequently using treatment method in present time, but controversies exist regarding treatment for it. High-resolution manometry (HRM) system is a newly developed device that using 36 channels and pressure topography plotting program, checking the function and status of esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical usefulness of HRM in LPRD patients who do not response to PPI medication. Subjects and Method : From July 2009 to July 2010, a total of 99 patients who were suspected LPRD according to symptoms (Reflux Symptom Index >13) and laryngoscopic findings (Reflux Finding Score >7) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were consisted of 31 men and 68 women, the mean age was 51.8 years, the mean BMI was 22.46. Patients have taken PPI medication for 2 months, after medication, they performed HRM. Comparative analysis was performed with results of the difference in symptoms. Results : In 99 patients, 37 patients (37.4%) show not improvement of LPRD symptoms after PPI medication. Among them, 18 patients (48.6%) showed abnormal findings that were classified as Peristaltic dysfunction (38.9%), Diffuse esophageal spasm (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of LES (11.1%), Achalasia (5.6%), Hypotensive LES (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of UES (11.1%), Nutcracker esophagus (5.6%), Decreased resting pressure (5.6%). Other 62 patients (62.6%) show improvement of LPRD symptoms, 23 patients (37.1%) showed abnormal findings. Most common finding was Peristaltic dysfunction (43.4%) More prevalent abnormal findings of HRM were found in patients who revealed no response to PPI medication (48.6% vs. 37.1%), but it does not reach the statistical significance. Conclusion : Although statistical significances is not showed, the difference observed in the frequency of HRM abnormal finding between response and no response for PPI medication. It has been estimated that HRM may be used to determine differential diagnosis in patients with LPRD. Further studies in lager population containing normal controls will be needed to prove clinical usefulness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

To utilize omni-directional images acquired by a rotating line camera for indoor spatial information services, we should register precisely the images with respect to an indoor coordinate system. In this study, we thus develop a georeferencing method to estimate the exterior orientation parameters of an omni-directional image - the position and attitude of the camera at the acquisition time. First, we derive the collinearity equations for the omni-directional image by geometrically modeling the rotating line camera. We then estimate the exterior orientation parameters using the collinearity equations with indoor control points. The experimental results from the application to real data indicate that the exterior orientation parameters is estimated with the precision of 1.4 mm and $0.05^{\circ}$ for the position and attitude, respectively. The residuals are within 3 and 10 pixels in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Particularly, the residuals in the vertical direction retain systematic errors mainly due to the lens distortion, which should be eliminated through a camera calibration process. Using omni-directional images georeferenced precisely with the proposed method, we can generate high resolution indoor 3D models and sophisticated augmented reality services based on the models.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2002

Isolation of a gene and determination of its expression pattern are essential in understanding its function. Among the genes localized in 12ql3, stSG3435 EST was chosen to study its expression pattern. The full-length CDNA was cloned by screening of human brain CDNA library and its sequence was determined by serial deletion followed by automated sequencing of the clones with overlapping fragments. The sequence analysis revealed that stSG 3435 CDNA displayed 100% identity to human MYGI and 86% identity to mouse melanocyte proliferation gene-1 (Gamm 1) originally identified from melanocyte, suggesting that MYGI determined by Northern blot analysis revealed the strongest expression in testes with ubiquitous expression in all the tissues tested. In order to investigate the cellular localization of its protein product, the green fluorescence protein gene was fused into the full-length coding sequence of MYGI, Transfection of the fusion construct followed by confocal microscopy resulted in the green fluorescence signal as a punctate state in cytoplasm indication that MYGI was localized in one of the cellular organelles.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2016

In the numerical weather model, surface properties can be defined by various parameters such as terrain height, landuse, surface albedo, soil moisture, surface emissivity, roughness length and so on. And these parameters need to be improved in the Seoul metropolitan area that established high-rise and complex buildings by urbanization at a recent time. The surface roughness length map is developed from digital elevation model (DEM) and it is implemented to the high-resolution numerical weather (WISE-WRF) model. Simulated results from WISE-WRF model are analyzed the relationship between meteorological variables to changes in the surface roughness length. Friction speed and wind speed are improved with various surface roughness in urban, these variables affected to temperature and relative humidity and hence the surface roughness length will affect to the precipitation and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height. When surface variables by the WISE-WRF model are validated with Automatic Weather System (AWS) observations, NEW experiment is able to simulate more accurate than ORG experiment in temperature and wind speed. Especially, wind speed is overestimated over $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ on some AWS stations in Seoul and surrounding area but it improved with positive correlation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) below $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ in whole area. There are close relationship between surface roughness length and wind speed, and the change of surface variables lead to the change of location and duration of precipitation. As a result, the accuracy of WISE-WRF model is improved with the new surface roughness length retrieved from DEM, and its surface roughness length is important role in the high-resolution WISE-WRF model. By the way, the result in this study need various validation from retrieved the surface roughness length to numerical weather model simulations with observation data.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

We analyzed the morphological characteristics of OCC (Ocean Core Complexes) in the middle part of the Central Indian Ridge (MCIR) using high-resolution geophysical data recorded on the Deep-Tow SideScan Sonar IMI-30 system. In terms of slope-gradient variations calculated from the high-resolution bathymetry data, the normal faults formed by seafloor spreading were associated generally with slopes > 30° and resulted in high backscatter intensities, which reflect more topographic effects than acoustic medium variation. However, the areas associated with gentle slopes < 10° tend to show the backscatter intensities reflecting the acoustic characteristic of the medium. We show that the detachment faults exposing the OCCs were initiated with high-angle normal faults (58°) exhibiting outward and inward dips of a breakaway zone. In order to examine the spatial distribution of OCC structures, we characterized the transition from magmatic-dominant seafloor with abyssal hills to tectonic-dominant seafloor with OCC using the down-slope direction variation. The slope direction of the seafloor generally tends to be perpendicular to the ridge azimuth in the magmatic-dominant zone, whereas it becomes parallel to the given ridge azimuth near the OCC structures. Therefore, this spatial change of seafloor slope directions indicates that the formation of OCC structures is causally associated with the tectonic-dominant spreading rather than magmatic extension. These results also suggest that the topographical characteristics of seafloor spreading and OCC structures can be distinguished using high-resolution geophysical data. Thus, we propose that the high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter intensity data can help select potential areas of exploitation of hydrothermal deposits in MCIR effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2004

The researchers, who seek geological and environmental information, depend on the remote sensing and aerial photographic datum from various commercial satellites and aircraft. However, the adverse weather conditions and the expensive equipment can restrict that the researcher can collect their data anywhere and any time. To allow for better flexibility, we have developed a compact, a multi-spectral automatic Aerial photographic system(PKNU 2). This system's Multi-spectral camera can catch the visible(RGB) and infrared(NIR) bands($3032{\times}2008$ pixels) image. Visible and infrared bands images were obtained from each camera respectively and produced Color-infrared composite images to be analyzed in the purpose of the environment monitor but that was not very good data. Moreover, it has a demerit that the stereoscopic overlap area is not satisfied with 60% due to the 12s storage time of each data, while it was possible that PKNU 2 system photographed photos of great capacity. Therefore, we have been developing the advanced PKNU 2(PKNU 3) that consists of color-infrared spectral camera can photograph the visible and near infrared bands data using one sensor at once, thermal infrared camera, two of 40 G computers to store images, and MPEG board to compress and transfer data to the computer at the real time and can attach and detach itself to a helicopter. Verification and calibration of each sensor(REDLAKE MS 4000, Raytheon IRPro) were conducted before we took the aerial photographs for obtaining more valuable data. Corrections for the spectral characteristics and radial lens distortions of sensor were carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

Analysis of chirp high-resolution seismic profiles from the central Yellow Sea reveals that depositional environments in this area can be divided into three distinctive zones from west to east: (1) subaqueous delta system near the Shandong Peninsula, (2) erosional zone in the central Yellow Sea, and (3) tidal sand ridges and sand waves near the Korean Peninsula. The Shandong subaqueous delta, extending southward from the Shandong Peninsula, changes gradually into prodelta southeastward. The sediments originated from the Yellow River are transported southward along the Chinese coastal area. The erosional zone in the central Yellow Sea contains numerous paleochannels and shows linear erosional features trending northwest-southeast. The erosional zone would be dominated by non-depositional or erosional processes during the Holocene. Tidal sand ridges and sand waves are well developed along the western coast of Korea. The residual sands, which were originally fluvial sediments at the sea-level lowstand, are interpreted as the result of winnowing process during the sea-level rise. Modern sand ridges generally migrates in a northeast-southwestern direction, which coincide with dominant tidal current direction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.12 s.173
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• pp.1043-1056
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• 2006

Our ultimate purpose is to investigate the potential change in regional surface climate due to the global warming and to produce higher quality regional surface climate information over the Korean peninsula for comprehensive impact assessment. Toward this purpose, we carried out two 30-year long experiments, one for present day conditions (covering the period 1971-2000) and one for near future climate conditions (covering the period 2021-2050) with a regional climate model (RegCM3) using a one-way double-nested system. In order to obtain the confidence in a future climate projection, we first verify the model basic performance of how the reference simulation is realistic in comparison with a fairly dense observation network. We then examine the possible future changes in mean climate state as well as in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events to be derived by difference between climate condition as a baseline and future simulated climate states with increased greenhouse gas. Emphasis in this study is placed on the high-resolution spatial/temporal aspects of the climate change scenarios under different climate settings over Korea generated by complex topography and coastlines that are relevant on a regional scale.