• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.5 s.66
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• pp.519-529
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• 2003

In recent years, the use of cold-formed steel roof truss has been increased in the steel houses and high-rise apartments. The design of the roof truss anchor connections has been based on the experience and decision of designers. In this paper, the structural behavior of anchor connections based on experimental and decision is described. In the tests, truss members and connection members were jointed directly with self-drilling screw fasteners and the simple shaped connection member with excellent workability and structural capacity was used to connect roof truss and sub-structure. The connecting method was selected according to the construction material of sub-structure: chemical anchor for reinforced concrete structure and welding or DX-Pin for steel structures. The pull-out tests of various type anchor connection were executed to obtain the strength and the stiffness and the result have been compared with AISI(1996) and AlSC(1989) specifications, Simple formulas for the shear strength of screw connections have been propose and compared with tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.81-104
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• 2005

Accurate 3D models in urban areas are essential for a variety of applications, such as virtual visualization, CIS, and mobile communications. LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) is a relatively new technology for directly obtaining 3D points. Because Manual 3D data reconstruction from LiDAR data is very costly and time consuming, many researchs is focused on the automatic extraction of the useful data. In this paper, we classified ground and non-ground points data from LiDAR data by using filtering, and we reconstructed the DTM(Digital Terrain Model) using ground points data, buildings using nonground points data. After the reconstruction, we assessed the accuracy of the DTM and buildings. As a result of, DTM from LiDAR data were 0.16m and 0.59m in high raised apartments areas and low house areas respectively, and buildings were matched with the accuracy of a l/5,000 digital map.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of the building area and find the characteristics of development density where the areas to perform special functions as residential, commercial, and business area in Seoul. As a result of classification of the regions with the component ratio of building area ratio by types, the greater part of Seoul is residential areas and only a small part of Seoul have business function. Contrary to the Kang-Nam business districts, the central business districts have few or no houses. It is concerned that the redevelopment projects, such as New-Town, make Seoul more high- density. The industrial area lost the attractiveness as a resident in spite of businesses or infrastructures. So the industrial area will be the best place for reduce journey-to-work distance if improve housing conditions. As well as management of density, management of use is also required for effective landuse and green-growth city.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2007

The aim of this paper is to investigate the change of pressure differential and smoke propagation characteristics in the elevator lobby with the resident's evacuation scenarios using fire modelling technique. The results showed absolute pressures in the fire room and elevator lobby can significantly increase to cause fire door to the stairway unclosed once it is open. This is due to constant pressure differentials, the increasing reference pressure of fire lobby and pressure leak from elevator lobby to fire lobby. Smoke exhaust mechanism was needed to prevent the continuous pressure rise in the living room. Over 200 Pa was expected upon closing the door during pressurization, which provide difficulties in opening the door for next refugee. Opening both fire door and entrance door may induce smoke flow from fire room to elevator lobby and stairway.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.719-725
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• 2006

Since low-floor apartments ate vertically closer to patting lots and roadways, it is hypothesized that residents in low-floor apartments may be exposed to elevated ambient levels of motet vehicle emissions compared to residents in high-floor apartments. The present study examined this hypothesis by measuring two motor vehicle source-related pollutants(CO and PM10) in ambient air of high-rise apartment buildings within the boundary of industrial complexes according to atmospheric stability The ambient air concentrations of CO and PM10 were higher for low-floor apartments than for high-floor apartments, regardless of atmospheric stability, The median concentration ratio of the low-floor air to high-floor alt ranged from 1.3 to 2.0, depending upon atmospheric stabilities, seasons and compounds. Moreover, the CO and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the winter and in the summer, regardless of the Hoot height. Atmospheric stability also was suggested to be important for the residents' exposure of high-rise apartment buildings to both CO and PM10. The median ratios of surface inversion air to non-surface inversion air ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 and from 1.0 to 1.6 lot PM10 and CO, respectively, depending upon seasons. Conclusively, these parameters(apartment floor height, season, and atmospheric stability) should be considered when evaluating the exposure of residents, living in high-rise apartment buildings, to CO and PM10. Meanwhile, the median PMl0 outdoor concentrations were close to or higher than the Korean annual standards for PM10, and the maximum PM10 concentrations substantially exceeded the Korean PM10 standard, thus suggesting the need for a management strategy for ambient PM 10. Neither the median nor the maximum outdoor CO concentrations, however, were higher than the Korean CO standard.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate air ventilation using wind patterns of MetPhoMod program at nighttime focused on Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Evaluation indices of air ventilation are wind resistant and retention used by results of each wind speed and diversity. The results are as follows. Vulnerable areas of air ventilation are Bonglim-dong, Bansong-dong, Yongji-dong and so on. In high-rise apartment, commercial area and single residential area of Yongji-dong, Sangnam-dong and Sapa-dong, wind is stagnated by high buildings. Therefore, these areas should construct urban spaces to circulate the wind. And to inflow persistingly the fresh wind generated in a rural area, we think that the construction of wind corridor is suggested by development plan and policy wind corridor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 1999

Texture features can be incorporated in classification procedure to resolve class confusions. However, there have been few application-oriented studies made to evaluate the relative powers of texture analysis methods in a particular environment. This study evaluates the increases in the land-cover classification accuracy of the SPOT HRV multispectral data of Pusan Metropolitan area from texture processing. Twenty-four texture measures were derived from the SPOT HRV band 3 image. Each of these features were used in combination with the three spectral images in the classification of 10 land-cover classes. Supervised training and a Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier were used in the classification. It was found that while entropy produces the best empirical results in terms of the overall classification, other texture features can also largely improve the classification accuracies obtained by the use of the spectral images only. With the inclusion of texture, the classification for each category improves. Specially, urban built-up areas had much increase in accuracy. The results indicate that texture size 5 by 5 and 7 by 7 may be suitable at land cover classification of Pusan Metropolitan area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2012

The physical environment of urban areas covered mostly by concrete and asphalt is the main cause of the urban heat island effect, primarily becoming apparent through increased land surface temperature. This study examined the effect of different urban land cover types on the land surface temperature using MODIS, Landsat ETM+ and RapidEye satellite data. As a result, the remote sensing based land surface temperature showed a marked difference according to the land use pattern in the case study of Ilsan new city. The high-rise apartment residential districts with less building-to-land ratio and higher green area ratio revealed lower land surface temperature than the low-story single-family housing districts characterized by relatively high building-to-land ratio and low green area ratio. From the view of climate zone and land cover types, there is a strong linear correlation between the impervious land cover ratio and the land surface temperature; the land surface temperature increases as the impervious built-up areas expand. In contrast, vegetation;water and shadow areas affect the decrease of land surface temperature. There is also a negative (-) correlation between NDVI and land surface temperature but the seasonal variation of NDVI can be hardly corrected.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.315-329
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• 2018

Recently, RC transfer slab systems have been used widely to construct high-rise wall-type apartments for securing parking space or public space. However, it is problem that the design method and structural performance evaluation method developed for thin RC flat slab are still used in the design of the transfer slab whose thickness is very thick and therefore structural behavior is expected to be different from RC flat slab. Thus, for the rational design of the transfer slab, the ultimate shear behavior of the RC transfer slab system is required to be analyzed properly. Accordingly, in the present study, the two-way shear behavior of the transfer slab was analyzed using nonlinear FEM according to various design parameters such as thickness of the transfer slab, strength of concrete, shear span ratio, and reinforcement ratio. In addition, the two-way shear strength evaluations of RC transfer slab by the existing evaluation methods were verified by comparing those with the results of nonlinear FEM analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.145-151
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• 2019

In this study, the effects were analyzed by applying the vibration absorption liner into the guide rail bracket as a part of method to reduce the vibration and noise on the high-rise apartment. As the result of vibration absorption liner performance, it was checked that the level of vibration and noise was reduced around 65.49% in the car side and around 90.05% in the counterweight side. Therefore, the vibration absorption effect by the vibration absorption liner of elevator guide rail bracket became fairly good. In case of the vibration absorption liner application, there was an effect on the reduction of 7.26 to 22.22% at hoistway section area, 3,840,000 to 9,780000 KRW at the cost of material and installation by comparing with the damping beam application. Also, in case of the vibration absorption liner application with light weight instead of damping beam with heavy weight, it was thought to become significant effect at preventing the safety from the accidents on installation site.