• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-140
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 1984년 한 해의 "도시가계연보(都市家計年報)"(전산(電算)테이프자료(資料))를 이용해 도시가구(都市家口) 계층간(階層間) 및 계층내(階層內)의 소득(所得) 및 소비(消費) 후생불평등도(厚生不平等度)를 추정하였으며 그 요인(要因)을 근로소득(勤勞所得)의 측면(側面)에서나 찾아보았다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 주요실증분석(主要實證分析) 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1)도시가구(都市家口)의 불평등(不平等)을 크게 좌우(左右)하는 것은 재산소득(財産所得) 유무(有無)이며 (2)근로소득(勤勞所得)의 불평등(不平等)은 주로 학력간(學歷間) 임금격차(賃金格差)에서 비롯되고 있으며 (3)재산소득(財産所得)의 불평등(不平等)은 자본이득(資本利得)(capital gain)을 좌우(左右)하는 일반물가수준(一般物價水準)의 불안정(不安定)에서 비롯되고 있다. 따라서 불평등(不平等)의 개선(改善)을 위해서는 무엇보다도 먼저 물가수준(物價水準)의 안정(安定)이 최우선 조건이며 이와 더불어 학력간(學歷間) 임금격차(賃金格差)를 완화(緩和)시키는 노력도 병행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.257-257
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.229-257
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effects of high unemployment rates on the income distribution and to find out mediative factors to these effect, the relationship between unemployment and income inequality in the industrialized countries and determinants of their relationship are analysized in this paper. Major findings from the analysis are these. First, changing pattern of unemployment rates are not similiar that of income inequality in the industrialized countries. This result suggests that relationships between unemployment and income inequality are dissimiliar within the industrialized countries. Second, results from analysis about relevant factors' effect on the relationship between unemployment and income inequality, the effects of economic factors such as economic growth rates and the scale of economy are not significant. But variables such as union density rates and scale of social welfare expenditure are found to have significant effects on the relationship between unemployment and income inequality. In fact, when the policy factors enters, the negative distributional effects of unemployment are lower by 50%. These results impliy that dissmilarities between the industrialized countries in the 1980s' changing patterns of income inequality are engendered from the union density rates and scale of social welfare expenditure. These findings in this paper suggest such a implication to the Korea; In order to achieve the more deserable society, policy orientations which give the priority to the economy restructuring rather than development of social welfare have to be reexamined and modified.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 2007

오늘날 인프라 무선 랜은 많은 사용자들이 사용하는 중요한 인터넷 접속 기술이다. 따라서, IEEE 802.11 MAC의 성능분석은 지난 몇 년간 무선 랜 연구의 중요한 테마 중의 하나였다. 본고에서는 프로토콜 계층 사이에 존재하는 상호 의존성의 중요성에 주목하며, IEEE 802.11 기반의 무선 랜이 갖는 성능 특성에 관하여 알아본다. 먼저, 무선 노드의 개수가 많아짐에 따라 무선 랜 시스템의 처리율이 감소한다는 IEEE 802.11 MAC DCF 분석 결과를 설명한다. 여기에 MAC 계층과 다른 계층 사이의 상호 작용에 주목하여, 무선 랜의 성능이 어떤 특성을 갖는지 알아본다. 물리 계층에 존재하는 무선 노드들 사이의 불평등성에 대해서 설명하고, 그로 인하여 노드들 간의 혼잡 수준이 떨어지고 경쟁 기반의 DCF 처리율이 혼잡 상태에서도 서서히 감소하게 되는 것을 설명한다. 또한, 전송 계층 프로토콜로서 TCP를 사용하는 경우의 무선 랜 성능에 관하여 알아본다. TCP는 실제로 무선 채널의 경쟁에 참여하는 노드를 $2{\sim}3$개 정도로 제한하는 효과가 있어서, TCP를 사용하는 무선 랜의 성능은 무선 노드의 개수에 상관없이 안정적인 것을 설명한다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.437-463
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• 2013

As polarization and class reproduction between generations are considered to be serious problems in Korean society, increasing number of assortative mating, which means marrying between homogeneous family background, income class, and educational background, is on the spotlight socially. Some worry that the increase of assortative mating can reinforce closure of social mobility so it deepens inequality and limits class mobility between generations. This research analyzes the effects of accomplishment characteristics of husbands and wives and ascriptive characteristics of parents which consist the concept of assortative mating, on income, consumption, and assets those represent economic status of a family. The purpose of this research is to suggest empirical understanding on the role of assortative mating that affect on inequality within generations and income mobility between generations in Korean society. In the result of multiple regression analysis on the effect of assortative mating on income, consumption, and assets, high educational background was the factor that increase income and consumption level as accomplishment characteristics of assortative mating. As ascriptive characteristics of assortative mating, educational homogeneous of fathers was the factor that increased asset level. While accomplishment characteristics affect income and consumption, ascriptive characteristics of homogeneous had significant effect on assets. Thus, it was found that transfer between generations had effects around asset rather than income. In particular, ascriptive characteristics in young husbands and wives aged 20s or 30s had significant effect only on the assets.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 2009

Most previous studies on income inequality have limitations in reflecting recent changes and heterogeneity in women's working patterns and their family structure by regarding them as a homogeneous group. This study aims to investigate the trends of income inequality among women during the past 9 years since 1997 and to examine what is the most influential factor on these changes. The results show that the overall trend of income inequality among women is decreasing due to the income decrease of the middle class women and the income increase of the lower class. Among various factors, education, age, and marital status are key factors affecting inequality changes during this period. This study has the following policy implications: first, it is necessary to implement the child care services for the divorced and separated women, who are more likely to fall in poverty. Second, the increase of the basic pension benefits is needed particularly for the poor old women, who is more likely live longer in a desperate status.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

Dying alone is an emerging social problem in South Korea. It is reported that most cases of dying alone showed various and chronic health problems. Despite of this situation, there existed neither medical support nor welfare services when dying. It indicated severe health inequality problems. With this background, the purpose of this study was to examine health inequality issue among dying alone cases by using news paper articles during the past three years(2016-2018). Content analysis was employed for 89 dying alone cases. Characteristics of dying alone cases, types of illness and health problems, and unmet medical services were analyzed. Based on the findings, future directions were addressed.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.217-229
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• 2014

This study was performed to identify neighborhood deprivation indicators associated with health and to test the contextual effects of those indicators on individual health. This study calculated SMR based on Dong district and see the differences of prediction across deprivation index and indicators. Then, a multi-level analysis using HGLM was conducted to test the contextual effect of neighborhood depreivation indicators on health after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic status of individuals. The results showed that regional SMR had strong correlations with land price, education, welfare recipients, female household proportion in Dong district but failed to show the correlation with individual health and neighborhood deprivation. Individual health was only associated with individual level of demographic and socioeconomic status. That is, spatial dispersion of illness is understood as the distribution of social classes in terms of socioeconomic status of individuals, not the contextual aspects of community.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.591-600
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• 2016

This paper, in the situation of deepening poverty and worsening income inequality, aims to find the impact on income inequality of main income sources such as public income, market income and family income in the elderly and propose polices for weakening the income inequality in the elderly. Main results are as follows. First, Gini coefficients of each income sources in the elderly are total income's 0.4801, public income's 0.4071, market income's 0.6736 and family income's 0.1855. Income inequality in the elderly population is serious in the total income, public income and market income areas. Second, after excepting for public income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.4864. after excepting for market income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.3609. And after excepting for family income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.5784. When market and public income are excepted from total income, Gini coefficient alleviate. Therefore, market income and public income are the major causes of income inequality in the elderly. But, family income alleviate the income inequality in the elderly. In order to alleviating the income inequality of the elderly, we must try to increasing the market income. For example, government must to supply job opportunities for the elderly of low-income.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.723-731
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• 2005

Wide spread deployment of infrastructure WLANs has made Wi Fi an integral part of today's Internet access technology. Despite its crucial role in affecting end to end performance, past research has focused on MAC protocol enhancement, analysis and simulation based performance evaluation without sufficient consideration for modeling inaccuracies stemming from inter layer dependencies, including physical layer diversity, that significantly impact performance. We take a fresh look at IEEE 802.11 WLANs, and using experiment, simulation, and analysis demonstrate its surprisingly agile performance traits. Contention based MAC throughput degrades gracefully under congested conditions, enabled by physical layer channel diversity that reduces the effective level of MAC contention. In contrast, fairness and jitter significantly degrade at a critical offered load. This duality obviates the need for link layer flow control for throughput improvement but necessitates traffic control for fairness and QoS. We use experimentation and simulation in a complementary fashion, pointing out performance characteristics where they agree and differ.