• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.783-790
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the recognition and uses of Angelica gigas Nakai. A survey methodology was employed consisted of 37.8% males and 62.2% females from the Seoul and Kyunggido area. The main results are as follows: The older generation have liked and eaten Angelica gigas Nakai rather than the young. The most popular reason provided for the preference of Angelica gigas Nakai was good health benefits. People indicating a dislike for Angelica gigas Nakai had little previous experience of eating this plant. The purchasing main place is appeared the supermarket and traditional market. Angelica gigas Nakai was acknowledged as having the following characteristics 'to do excellent nutrition' (3.82), 'natural food' (3.76), 'to doing for the anti-cancer and anti-oxidization' (3.70), 'good for anemia and women, diseases' (3.64), and 'good for anodyne and diuretic effect' (3.57), but was not associated with 'price is cheap' (3.02) and 'to difficult for buy' (3.10). Recognition and eating experience was low for Angelica gigas Nakai kimchi and rice bread, bread, sauce and healthy drink added with Angelica gigas Nakai, but the opinion of the taste appeared highly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1977

The author have performed, from June to July 1976, a sociomedical study on the 314 prostitutes which was engaged in tourism in Dongrae, Busan. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Age distribution was from 20 years old to 34 years old and the highest as 36.6% was 23-25 years old group. Most of the respondents as 95.2% were under 31 years old group. 2. Distribution of respondents by educational level showed that the group below the graduated primary school was 47.2%, middle school 29.3% and high school 57.0% in that order. 5. By the occupation before be ruined, none was 34.5%, waitress at saloon 24.2%, hostess 14.3%. 4. By distribution of birth place, most of the respondents as 64.0% were Gyeongsang Do(37.9%) and Busan City (26.1%). 5. Distribution of respondents by family status showed that only mother was highest as 43.9% and 82.2% of respondents have been supported their family. 6. Monthly incomes of respondents were distributed from 50,000 Won to 250,000 Won, and 50,000-100,000 Won group was the highest as 46.2%. In monthly sundry expenses, 20,000-30,000 Won group was the highest as 27.1%. 7. Monthly supporting expenses to their family were distributed from 10,000 Won to 50,000 Won and the highest as 26.7% was 10,000-20,000 Won group. Savings per month were distributed from 10,000 Won to 60,000 Won and 50,000-60,000 Won group was the highest as 22.3%. 8. Distribution of respondents by status of luxury showed that experiences of drinking was 20.4% and smoking was 55.7%. 9. By motive of falling into the ruin, economical causes was 41.7%. Most of the respondents as 95.0% expected under 3 years in prearranged period of their occupation. 10. By number of monthly entertainment, 5-10 persons as 58.0% was the highest. 11, Distribution of respondents by status of venereal disease and pulmonary tuberculosis showed that positive of gonorrhea was 8.0%, syphilis 1.6%, and pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.6%.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-148
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• 2012

Deforestation and forest degradation in Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) accelerated from the mid 1980s through the economic crisis in 1990s and is still happening. DPRK has conducted afforestation and reforestation activities against this trend. However there are not many official documents on achievement of forest rehabilitation in DPRK. "Rodong Shinmun," as an official newspaper published by North Korean Workers Party, represents governmental policies and is one of a few accessible information on DPRK which is available in Republic of Korea (ROK). This paper aims to investigate the national forest policies of the DPRK represented in Rodong Shinmun. Total of 499 articles using the word 'Sanlim (forest)' and 'Rimsan (forest product)' in the title of articles were selected for content analysis. The national forest plans and forest policy instruments contained in the selected articles were analyzed. The subjects of represented forest policies were classified into four groups; forestation, forest management, land management and forest protection or conservation. The focus of forest policy was changed from economic utilization of forest resources such as timber production in the 1990s to forest protection in the 2000s. Rodong Shinmun reported more frequently about regulatory instruments and informational instruments than the economic instruments. Official commendation and awards were the main incentives given to the people who contributed to forestry achievements. In particular, forest policies were emphasized by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il and afforestation and forest protection were described as patriotic activities in the Rodong Shinmun. In conclusion, this research revealed that Rodong Shinmun plays a role as a means for introducing, propagating and instigating forest policies in the society of the DPRK. The findings help to understand the forest policies of the DPRK which could be useful when designing development aids for DPRK.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

The relationships between the ability to understand changes in meaning depending on the prosody of spoken words and the ability to perceive pitch and melodic contour in cochlear implants (CI) recipients were examined. Fifteen postlingual CI recipients were measured in terms of speech prosody perception, speech perception, pitch discrimination (PD), and melody contour identification (MCI). The speech prosody perception test consists of words with positive (PW) and neutral meaning (NW). Participants were asked to identify the meaning of words depending on the conditions of positive and negative prosody. The MCI consists of subtests 1 and 2 with different chance levels to choose. Then, the relationships between speech prosody perception, speech perception, PD, and MCI performance were analyzed. There was a significant difference in identifying the meaning of words expressed in a different prosody between the PW and NW conditions. Speech prosody perception showed a significant correlation with MCI 1 while there was no significant relationship with speech perception. Although speech perception may be possible after CI, limited spoken word comprehension due to decreased sensitivity for prosodic changes may persist in CI recipients. In addition, there was a limitation in perception of melodic contour change compared to pitch discrimination, which is related to speech prosody perception.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

In the industry of landscape architecture, in which the core of production is manpower, the management of manpower is of utmost importance. The industry of landscape architecture, however, is highly sensitive to economic shifts and policy changes; this sensitivity renders the management of manpower-maintaining the balance between supply and demand-often times difficult. Currently, this vicious circle appears to persist in the sense that the industry suffers from a lack of skilled employees, and a new body of skilled laborers from the paucity of jobs. This study, in analyzing current manpower management as well as the prospective supply and demand in the field, looks forward to the stability of the supply and demand in landscape architecture in the nation. According to this study, the number of new skilled laborers-those who have a higher credential than that of "landscape architect-engineer"-is expected to increase by 10% per year. The number of new skilled laborers being 1,137 in 2008, it can be inferred that there will be a new group of 1,251 skilled laborers in the field in 2009. Meanwhile, estimating that the number of current skilled laborers in the field of landscape architecture is 14,783, the demand for new skilled laborers remains approximately 540. The supply of 1,251 skilled laborers outnumbers the demand of 540 by nearly 230%. Hence, the educational institutions of landscape architecture must be prepared to deal with this imbalance between the excessive supply and the lesser demand of skilled laborers. The issue of the excessive supply of manpower is particularly critical, because it may well undermine the competitiveness of the industry as a whole: compared to other related industries such as architecture and civil engineering, for instance. With the customary validation of long work experience no longer in effect, the need for an engineer's license will keep on increasing. It is time that educational institutions took this issue into full account and helped their students to be better qualified and more competent.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop Music Recall Technique for affect modification using programmed series of classical music, and further to apply the technique as therapeutic intervention for clients with anorexia nervosa. Music Recall Technique is composed of two sub-technique: first one is 'Music Recall(MR)' which is the way to reproduce of existing music on one's head and mind after listening to the music, and second intervention is 'Creative Music Recall(CMR)' which is the way to modify the exposed musical pieces or newly learned musical pieces. A client with anorexia nervosa with severe anxiety, anger and depression participated in this case study. The MRT is implemented in different stages pertaining to client's level of utilizing the music recall skill for the period of 10 sessions. Situations eliciting negative emotions were identified and music recalling was reinforced for the pertaining situation in order for the negative emotion to be coped and reduced by the end of session time. The client participated for 10 sessions, and was asked to fill out self-report on the affect change using MRT. Visual Analogue Scale was used for pre and post test for each session to measure the self perceived level of negative affect. State-trait anxiety inventory was also used to measure the anxiety level following the implementation of MRT. As results, negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger and depression were modified during stimulative-sedative music recall process. These negative emotions were decreased mostly during stimulative MR, especially, in the beginning process. Each negative affect on negative situation measured by VAS during each and entire session have been decreased. Negative emotion measured by state-trait anxiety inventory, state-trait anger expression inventory, and hopelessness-depression inventory were decreased as well. The results suggest that stimulative music using contemporary classic music was effective in reduction and modification of negative affect such as anxiety, anger and depression. It shows that Music Recall Technique can be a meaningful intervention for affect modification, and further it can be utilized as self-help in the outside of music therapy setting.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-120
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• 1996

College level educational training system for the allied health manpower in the country is one of the oldest junior college education programs, and has been developed at very steady phase. Since the school years of the programs limited for 2 to 3 years by the education related law, qualification of the manpower is insufficient to meet the rapidly changing needs in the field of allied health and medicine. The system is comparable with that of developed countries where 4-year baccalaureate degree programs are basically required to be an allied health personnel. Thus, education and training background of allied health program graduates of the country confronts the barriers in competition and cooperation with the graduates of foreign countries at equal basis. Beside, junior college graduates can hardly find the way through advanced courses at 4-year colleges in their specialties except a few programs such as environmental sicience or courses in hygiene. It has long been sought to develop the education and training programs for junior college graduates. Some of them are already materilized and some show remarkable progress while some need to tackle. Wide opening of the opportunity to enroll extensive education program for the junior college graduates of allied health science majors in 4-year colleges with eventual grant of bachelor's degree for those who successfully completed the programs should soon be substantiated. The study was focused to emphasize the necessity of the extensive education and training for the junior college graduate allied health manpower, and to show possibility of the education program development in connection with the 4-year degree granting education programs. The outcome of the study can be summarized as followings. 1. A total number of graduates from eight allied health sciences related programs of junior colleges by the year of 1995 are 109,320. 2. According to the survey report analysed through questionnaires, 99.7% of respondents including administrative deans and professors of junior colleges agreed with the establishment of extensive education and training programs in junior colleges. 53.9% of administrative deans, 52.9% of professors and 47.6% of the graduates expected that it is possible to learn more about their majors, and to earn bachelor's degree through the extensive education programs. Other opinions include that the programs can provide supplementary opportunities to fortify in the area of basic life science, and development of research and technology. 3. It was also found through the survey that 91.2% of the deans, 87.8% of the professors and 68.2% of the graduates responded that the most appropriate organizations to open the extensive education and training programs for allied health manpower are junior colleges where allied health personnel are taught and trained. The majority of the respondents agreed that the acceptable number of credits offered for the previous 2-year junior college graduates are $50\sim60$, and those for the current 3-year graduates are $20\sim30$ units. 4. It was strongly suggested through the survey that baccalaureate degree should be granted for those who successfully completed the extensive courses. The suggestion was claimed by 94.1% of the deans, 89.4% of the professors and 83.4% of the graduates. 5. The model curricula for the extensive education and training programs for the allied health manpower are designed for the purpose of broad capability in practice, enrichment of knowledge and promotion of proficiency for the self access in the major areas. 6. To meet the universal standards of allied health education and training program, it is recommended that opening of the curricula for the extensive, and as well as intensive, courses within junior colleges(continuation education institute) should be materialized. The special baccalaureate degree programs within junior colleges are also recommended to accommodate the junior college graduates and to grant the degree fellowing successful completion of the courses. As a part of the education revolution in progress, the school years at junior college level should be flexible depending upon the nature of course and trend of the universe. For instance, the school years for the allied health manpower should be extended to two to four years from current two to three years.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The root of Stnchys Sieboldif MIQ was extracted three times with methanol and extract was found to contain 3.02% of polyphenols and 1.97% of flavonoids. DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability method were employed to investigate the constituents of the extract and to measure their activity on antioxidation. The fraction extracted by ethylacetate showed higher anti oxidation value than that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the same concentration. UV-VIS spectral data of the extract by ethylacetate that was isolated on a silica gel column proved adsorption maxima in the range of 280∼330 nm. The fraction ES-RS that has $\lambda_{max}(nm)$ of band 1, 325nm and band II, 289nm exhibitd the strongest activity on antioxidation. ES-R5 fraction showed similar pattern to flavones by the analysis of UV-VIS spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.619-624
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• 1999

This work was to study the potential health food use of germinated colored rice after germinating and drying using microwave under vacuum. Colored rice was soaked in water at $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 days and then germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ for $3{\sim}4\;days$. The germinated colored rice was dried by different drying methods: microwave vacuum drying 1, microwave vacuum drying $2\;(drying{\rightarrow}crushing{\rightarrow}drying)$, hot air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying. Each drier except freeze drier was set to maintain the sample temperature at $60^{\circ}C$. During microwave vacuum drying 1 or 2, the sample reached $60^{\circ}C$ much faster (within 5 min) and was dried much faster ($2{\sim}3\;hrs$ than the other drying methods. The initial drying rate of microwave vacuum drying was ten times faster than that of hot air drying. The microwave vacuum drying 2 retained the highest ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, followed by microwave vacuum drying 1, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and hot air drying.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.1 s.25
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• pp.125-135
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• 1989

This paper was carried out to study on correlation between mentally retardation and lead and zinc. The subjects were 297 mentally retarded children: 132 of Bomyung special school and Sunmyung, which were located in Taegu city of Korea. The former had their parents but the latter had not. The control group 63 children were randomly seleted from the Dong-in primary school near to Medical School of Kyungpook National University. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, model IL-551 connected with CTF atomizer(IL. 655) was used for the analysis of lead and zinc. The mean value of lead in hair of mentally retarded children was $14.97{\pm}3.71ppm$ which is significantly higher than that of control group, $11.36{\pm}2.83ppm$. But the content of zinc was not significant in both groups. In the lead there was no significant correlation to age but significant negative correlation to IQ. Zinc showed significant correlation to age but not to IQ. Among the handicapped children, no signigicant correlation between orphan group and non orphan group. Handicaps of mentally-retarded children were speech impairment, emotional disturbance, double and triple handicaps, sensory impairment and abnormal dietary patterns. There were significantly higher contents of lead compared with normal group, except the latter two groups. The disease conditions of mentally retarded children were mongolism, autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and microcephaly. In comparing with mongolism, significant difference were existent only on the cerebral palsy and group of unknown etiology. We attempted to divide their past history into external etiology and internal etiology, but could not find significant difference. In view of the whole results, the relationship between mentally-retarded children and lead was presumed to be the early time exposure rather than long interval exposure during growth and the contact opportunity was considered important subject in maternal and child health care.