• Korean Security Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.85-115
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• 2012

The private security industry has expanded in proportion to economic developments throughout the world, largely because the existing security services provided by the government do not satisfy demands of various economic entities and people in the society for better security service. Therefore, it would not be unfair to say that security services by private sectors are decided by its quality, price, and customers' needs. A refined management system, however, is essential to assess qualification of security companies and their service quality, given the nature of public goods of security service. Despite the steady growth of private security industry in Korea, however, it has been continuously criticized that its security management system for better qualification of security guards, training, and private security companies have not been fully updated enough to guarantee good quality. This paper aims to gain insights to effective policy formation in the Korean private security industry, through reviewing the licensing system of private security guards and the Approved Contractor Scheme (hereinafter the ACS) in the UK- that has on one hand systematically regulated private security industry, but on other hand has enforced public-private cooperation by laying significant stress on autonomy of private security companies. The distinctive characteristic of the UK policy for the private security is that the Security Industry Authority (hereinafter the SIA), an independent authority, is leading development of the private security industry of the UK through specialized private security regulation and enhanced service quality. In addition, the UK is developing quality of security service with transparent financial management and recruitment of good quality security guards by adopting not only substantially specified regulations and standards, but the voluntary ACS system. Moreover, the SIA analyzes customers' demands for security service specializing the policy for private security through conducting a variety of surveys. With the analysis of the UK private security system, this paper suggests that the Korean government change from a non-specialized private security regulation system by the National Police Agency to an independently specialized private security authority like the SIA and adopt the compulsory licensing and the ACS system of the UK.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.145-168
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• 2010

Since Alarm Monitoring Service was introduced in Korea in 1981, the market has been increasing and is expected to increase continually. Some factors such as the increase of social security need and the change of safety consciousness, increase of persons who live alone could be affected positively on Alarm Monitoring Service industry. As Alarm Monitoring Service come into wide use, the understanding of electronic security service is spread and consumer's demand is difficult, so consideration about new developmental plan is need to respond to the change actively. Electronic security system is consist of various kinds of element, so every element could do their role equally. Alarm Monitoring Service should satisfy consumer's various needs because it is not necessary commodity, also electronic security device could be easily operated and it's appearance has to have a good design. To solve the false alarm problem, detection sensor's improvement should be considered preferentially and development of new type of sensor that operate dissimilarly to replace former sensor is needed. On the other hand, to settle the matter that occurred by response time, security company could explain the limit on Alarm Monitoring System to consumer honestly and ask for an understanding. If consumer could be joined into security activity by security agent's explanation, better security service would be provided with mutual confidence. To save response time the consideration on the introduction of GIS(Global Information System) is needed rather than GPS(Global Positioning System). Although training program for security agents is important, several benefits for security agents should be considered together. The development of new business model is required for preparation against market stagnation and the development of new commodity to secure consumer for housing service rather than commercial facility service. for the purpose of those, new commodity related to home-network system and video surveillance system could be considered, also new added service with network between security company and consumer for a basis is to be considered.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.173-198
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• 2008

As we took a look at above, this researcher suggest following device to extend Korea's private security industry's area. First, it is necessary to extend private investigation law's area grafting private security together. Second, it is necessary it is necessary to think of private security's role related key figure law, corresponding terror law, Presidential Security Service Guard law. Third, as a draft of a proposed law related prevention flowing out of industry techniques among industry security related law, passed, it is necessary private security's diversity, subdivision, composition through an enterprise security, and private security industry area's grafting together. Fourth, a research about private security company's investment and professional area's bringing up as well as business's extension device should be groped for the security consulting though total system management service. Fifth, there are no big difference education course and purpose, duty about a security police man law and security law's unification, so it is necessary to drive forward actively unification through government organization's cooperation. Sixth, a paradigm shift should be occured about private security service among policeman, citizen, and private security guards. Seventh, it is considered the role of security association is important. Lastly about a matter communication between the National Police Agency, and Security Association, not only look at from an authority's angle, collecting information, corresponding ability but now it is considered to grope each other cooperation device together among organizations not only the National Police Agency but also, National Organization, National Intelligence Service, the prosecution, Presidential Security Service Guard, Army etc.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.123-151
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was focused on the relationship between private guards' job embeddedness and dual commitment. In this study, job embeddedness is selected as an independent variable and dual commitment is selected as a dependent variable one. job embeddedness was divided into three sub-factors such as "fit", "links", and "sacrifice", and dual commitment is again composed with organizational commitment, and career commitment. Moreover sex, age, academic background, service period, and income were selected as a control variable. To test the hypotheses, survey data from private guards in Kyungpook are collected and analyzed. Principal component method is used to see which items cluster together in each factor and to calculate factor scores. Multiple regression analysis identifies several factors which have significant effects on dual commitment. Key finding can be summarized as follow. Fist, the factor of "fit" have significant effects on organizational commitment, and career commitment. Second, the factor of "links" have significant effects on organizational commitment, and career commitment. Third the factor of "sacrifice" have significant effects on organizational commitment, and career commitment. Finally, when all the variables with significant effects are included in the final model, "links" disappear, while "fit" and "sacrifice" remain statistically significant. Based on these finding, this study suggests some policy issues to promote private guards' dual commitment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.7-36
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• 2014

Recently the Korean government announced that minimum wage policy would be applied even to apartment security staffs by 2015 who had been waived from the policy enforcement for their unique work conditions. This caused apartment management to introduce unmanned security system instead of employing security staffs because of fearing possible hike of management fees. People recklessly tend to believe unmaned system is cheaper than maned system if minimum wage guideline is applied. This study examines the economic feasibility of two different apartment security systems by utilizing cost-benefit analysis: maned and unmaned security systems. The authors estimate the costs and the benefits of each security system for 5 years(2014-2018) with application of social discount rate(5.5%). Thirty six apartment complexes at 8 different areas(meons and dongs) in Asan, Chungcheongnam-do province were surveyed. And to attain the exact costs of unmaned system establishment and operation, the authors interviewed persons working for the unmaned security corporations. The benefit-cost(B/C) ratio for unmanned security system is 1.66% at minimum and 1.30% at maximum. while B/C ratio for manned security system is 1.42% and 1.66% respectively. This results mean that people's belief is not correct, that is, transferring from maned system to unmaned is not always economically efficient. Benefits of maned security system is more diverse than unmaned system. The former provides living conveniences(parking helps and keeping parcels) and social benefits(employing aged worker and giving them opportunities to enjoy happier lives) as well as security benefits like crime prevention. The latter provides security benefits only, but that effect is also doubtable. Taking into account these diverse benefits maned system provides, the B/C ratio of maned system is equitable or higher than unmaned system.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.327-350
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• 2007

Art. 2 Abs. 1 GG sch${\ddot{u}}$tzt umfassend die allgemeine Handlungsfreiheit. Daher bed${\ddot{u}}$rfen private Handlungen grunds${\ddot{a}}$tzlich keiner gesetzlichen Erm${\ddot{a}}$chtigungsgrundlage. Dies gilt selbstverst${\ddot{a}}$ndlich auch fur die Unternehmen der Bewachungsbranche. Allerdings ist es bei der Aus${\ddot{u}}$bung der Bewachungsaufgabe typisch, mit Strafe oder zumindest Schadensersatzpflicht sanktionierte Tatbest${\ddot{a}}$nde zum Nachteil Dritter zu verwirklichen. F${\ddot{u}}$r solche F${\ddot{a}}$lle stehen den Bewachungspersonen m${\ddot{o}}$glicherweise Rechtfertigungsgr${\ddot{u}}$nde zur Seite. Dadurch wird ein ansonsten rechtswidriges Handeln rechtm${\ddot{a}}$${\ss}$ig und so wird im Ergebnis eine Strafbarkeit (wie auch eine Schadensersatzpflicht) ausgeschlossen. Dabei wird klargestellt, dass dem Sicherheitsgewerbe au${\ss}$er in den F${\ddot{a}}$llen der gesetzlichen ${\ddot{U}}$bertragung der hoheitlichen Befugnisse nur die vom Auftraggeber vertraglich ${\ddot{u}}$bertragenen privatrechtlichen Befugnisse sowie die Jedermannsrechte zustehen Au${\ss}$erdem soll im Rahmen der Privatisierung der Gefahrenabwehraufgaben auf solche spezialgesetzlichen Regelungen hingewiesen werden, bei denen Bewachungspersonen mit der hoheitlichen Wahrnehmung bestimmter Sicherheitsaufgaben betraut, d.h. dazu befugt sind, Sicherheitsaufgaben in den Handlungsformen des ${\ddot{O}}$ffentlichen Rechts 면켜${\ddot{u}}$ben. In der koeranischen Literatur ist die Handlungsgrundlage des Bewachungspersonals bis jetzt kaum n${\ddot{a}}$her untersucht. Im allgemeinen werden strafrechtliche Rechtferigungsgr${\ddot{u}}$nde, z.B. Notwehr, Notstand und Selbsthilfe, als dabei anwendbare Normen anerkannt. In dieser Arbeit wird festgestellt, dass die privaten Sicherheitsdienstleister in beiden L${\ddot{a}}$ndern durch die Gewerbegenehmigung au${\ss}$er in den F${\ddot{a}}$llen der Beleihung keine hoheitlichen Befugnisse erhalten. Als Handlungsgrundlage kommen nur die allgemeinen Not- und Jedermannsrechte im Rahmen von Straf-Strafprozess- bzw. Zivilrecht in Betracht.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.177-200
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• 2006

This research result that analysis as following. First, difference that keep in mind partially as result that verify difference of job-stress by demography special qualitys that is common people guard's society and turnover intention appeared. Second, result that analyze relation with job-stress and turnover intention, displayed statical correlation in job environment. Third, result that keep in mind as statistical as result that verify effect that common people guard's job-stress gets to turnover intention appeared. During is job-stress variable, was expose that exert effect that keep in mind to turnover intention job surrounding and job special quality. Suggestion point through this research as following be. To raise common people guard's job-stress and turnover intention. system improvement strategy about social estimation etc.. is effective, and do on the basis of this and may have to establish common people guard's enhancing morale plan strategy, low complement that can exert negative impact in change of post for example, line of duty that it is seldom competence, daytime that can elicit common people guards' job satisfaction. Is in visual point that activation of continuous research is leaned against by depth interview and review through qualitative research was insufficient relatively in virtue research so far in research after.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.199-223
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find the development of the personal protection business plan based on the problem that guards are now aware of personal protection service. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, we analyzed the data after expert survey and interview conducted by seven experts engaged in personal protection services more than 15 years. The guard who perform personal protection service proposed a development plan of personal protection services as follows. First, the current education system for new employees' training is required to improve the educational program of 40 hours in subjects related to personal protection duties by reorganization Second, the personal protection service training for guards also appropriate to switch to 8-hour training program for three months through an educational organization controlled by country. Third, the personal protection guards should be proceeding the practical programs required in the field and quality education in the different section by competent and professional instructors. Fourth, it should be revised Regulating that on the site of collective civil petition including in Events related to events across the board in the security services law. Fifth, there needs to be a change of recognition between police and private security firms, and to be set up the organization for supervision of management by police and private security firms jointly. Sixth, there needs to be organized a subcommittee which is consisting of experts in each task on Korea Security Association, and founded Korea Personal Protection Association for development associated with the personal protection service and to protect the rights of personal protection guards.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.115-137
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• 2013

This study aims to confirm the effect of different types of interpersonal stress factors of private security officers that are prevalent in the course of carrying out their duties on job satisfaction and turnover intention. The authors have examined 175 of the 200 survey questionnaires distributed to the employees of private security firms located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in December 2012. The result of the analysis indicates that the primary source of stress in the private security officers is the interaction with customers, followed by the relationships with colleagues and superior officers. In addition, colleague-related stress is found to be the only interpersonal stress factor with a statistically significant negative effect on job satisfaction, while both the stress from the relationships with colleagues and superior officers are positively correlated with turnover intention. Furthermore, the colleague-related stress is revealed to mediate job satisfaction which has a statistically significant effect on turnover intention. The result from the study emphasizes the importance of managing the interpersonal stress in private security officers and confirms the necessity of effectively handling the stressful situations in the relationships with colleagues. Moreover, in order to raise job satisfaction levels and minimize turnover which is vital in accomplishing the goal of each organization, causal factors of the stress need to be recognized and handled appropriately. This will provide the future research with an insight into the effective interpersonal stress management and examining other factors of job satisfaction and turnover intention of private security officers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

「Security Services Industry Act」made in 1976 for the purpose of contributing to the good operation of services industry by establishing the requirements for promotion, development and systematic management of services industry has been since 26 times of overall revisions. Period division of private security through overall revision of 「Security Services Industry Act」 can be roughly divided into three periods. The first is a settlement period. It is a period when the present five business areas were completed rom 1976 to 2001. Beginning with facility and escort security in 1996, five types of jobs have been prepared. so far by adding personal protection in 1996, and machine and special security in 2001. The second is a quantitative growth period. It is a period when quantitative development is made on the institutional basis. As various culture, sports and arts events are increasing based on the demand of security services due to an increase in the people's sense of security, quantitative development was made, which additionally influenced the downward trend of capital and the possibility of having two jobs through revisions. The third is a qualitative growth period. From 2013 to the present is a period when quantitative growth has slowed and qualitative growth has been made. After the period of quantitative growth, the growth slowed down. However, by raising the criteria for permission of services industry through creation of a rule for the group civil petition, by raising capital, by institutionally compensating for diverse punishment regulations, by realizing the training hours for new security guards, by permitting private education, etc, the reliability and professionality of a security guard job has been to be recovered.