• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2009

Vinyl chloride (VC) is a known human carcinogen, and it is released to multi-environmental media via several exposure routes. VC was potentially evaluated as a water quality pollutant based on human health risk assessment in Korean water environments. In this study, we investigated physicochemical and toxicological properties of VC, human health and ecological risk assessment, and the regulation of VC as a water quality pollutant in developed countries. Currently there are no standard or guideline values of VC in Korean legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem, except that it is designated as a specific toxic substance and a water quality pollutant. Human health risk assessment of VC was previously performed based on the limited water quality monitoring data. The monitoring level of VC in Korean water system is more higher than other countries'. VC was assessed as potential hazardous chemical based on the US EPA's cancer risk assessment. There were a few ecotoxicity data of VC available using very limited kinds of aquatic organisms, and the toxicity results obtained seem to be overestimated without considering the losses of VC in open exposure system. Therefore it is needed to monitor the VC in various areas and to carry out the ecotoxicity research using multi-level organisms. We expect that these results can be useful information for implementing VC as a water quality pollutant in legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem in near future.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2000

User adaptive reception of broadcast programs includes the functionality such as the user adaptive filtering and browsing functionality. The user adaptive filtering means that the user can limit the list of programs to include only his/her favorite programs among hundreds of available programs. The user adaptive browsing means that the user can view a short summary of his/her selection in the way that he/she prefers. When the receiving system include the random access storage device, the automatic recording functionality of users favorite programs can be included. The user adaptive reception requires support from various meta-data such as user preference data and content description data. TV Anytime forum is a standardization effort to enable user adaptive TV reception, which means that the user can watch what s/he wants when s/he want in the way s/he wants. MPEG-7 includes not only the content description for broadcast applications but also other content descriptions such as structure information. This paper addresses the relationship between MPEG-7 and TV Anytime and investigates how MPEG-7 should be designed and be used to satisfy the requirements of the user adaptive reception of broadcast program.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2014

The WBAN technology means a short distance wireless network which provides each device interactive communication by connecting devices inside and outside of body. Standardization on the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and application layer is in progress by IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN. Wireless body area network is usually configured in energy efficient using sensor and zigbee device due to the power limitation and the characteristics of human body. Wireless sensor network consist of sensor field and sink node. Sensor field are composed a lot of sensor node and sink node collect sensing data. Wireless sensor network has capacity of the self constitution by protocol where placed in large area without fixed position. In this paper, we proposed the efficient addressing scheme for improving the performance of routing algorithm by using ZigBee in WBAN environment. A distributed address allocation scheme used an existing algorithm that has wasted in address space. Therefore proposing x, y and z coordinate axes from divided address space of 16 bit to solve this problems. Each node was reduced not only bitwise but also multi hop using the coordinate axes while routing than Cskip algorithm. I compared the performance between the standard and the proposed mechanism through the numerical analysis. Simulation verified performance about decrease averaging multi hop count that compare proposing algorithm and another. The numerical analysis results show that proposed algorithm reduced the multi hop better than ZigBee distributed address assignment

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2013

The Small and Medium Business Administration specified 123 construction materials mandatory to purchase directly and forced the public owners to provide the contractors with materials as required by related law. This study extensively reviewed various characteristics and management factors of the owner-providing materials consumed in the public apartment housing under Direct Buying System(DBS) from the public owner's perspective. Subsequently, the major managed materials were identified, and the proper response plan was developed along the material procurement process. The Procurement Management Load Indices (PMLI) of 43 materials were evaluated according to rating criteria with procurement path, project-specified level, user requirement level, supplier's responsibility, on-site work requirement, additional parts, and inspection standards. The tile and aluminum windows were classified in the group needing high-level procurement efforts to reduce the errors and ensure the efficiency. The accurate quantity estimation method, definite purchase details, management activity definition before and after production, additional quantity for rework, interference coordination were defined as the essential activities for effectively responding to DBS.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2003

The tidal flat area of south and west coast consists of 2.4% of total land area of Korea. About 83% of tidal flat is located at the west coast, and the remaining tidal flat is located at the south coast. This tidal flat is also divided for administrative regions which are Gyeonggi Province(35.1%), Chungnam Province(12.7%) Jeonbuk Province(4.7%), Jeonnam Province(44.0%) and Gyeongnam Province(3.5%). The tidal flat of west coast of Korea is one of the most important stopover site for shorebirds on the East Asia-Australia Flyway. The tidal flat is used for feeding and resting place by migratory shorebirds. Generally, waterbirds including migratory shorebirds are considered as key species to show the superiority of wetland. By the criteria of Lamsar Convention in the basis of waterbird, at least 14 coastal wetlands in Korea have to be internationally important wetlands. The factors to affect the distribution of shorebirds at the certain tidal flat are closely related with 1) the distribution of benthic invertebrates, potential prey of shorebirds 2) the availability of roosting site 3) the size of tidal flat 4) the intensity of human disturbance. In this paper, we summarized the regional status of tidal flat of Korea and its conservation methods related with migratory waterbirds.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.6
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• pp.1259-1268
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• 2004

To organize training in limited training area for an actuai combat, realistic training simulation plugged in by various battle conditions is essential. In this paper, we propose a virtual target overlay technique which does not use a virtual image, but Projects a virtual target on ground-based CCD image by appointed scenario for a realistic training simulation. In the proposed method, we create a realistic 3D model (for an instructor) by using high resolution Geographic Tag Image File Format(GeoTIFF) satellite image and Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED), and extract the road area from a given CCD image (for both an instructor and a trainee). Satellite images and ground-based sensor images have many differences in observation position, resolution, and scale, thus yielding many difficulties in feature-based matching. Hence, we propose a moving synchronization technique that projects the target on the sensor image according to the marked moving path on 3D satellite image by applying Thin-Plate Spline(TPS) interpolation function, which is an image warping function, on the two given sets of corresponding control point pair. To show the experimental result of the proposed method, we employed two Pentium4 1.8MHz personal computer systems equipped with 512MBs of RAM, and the satellite and sensor images of Daejoen area are also been utilized. The experimental result revealed the effective-ness of proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.134-143
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• 2017

It has been 15 years since Jeju Island first was designated as one of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve areas. Jeju currently holds 5 UNESCO designations and the UNFAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage (GIAHS). The 5 UNESCO global heritages that Jeju honors are the World Natural Heritage, Biosphere Reserve, Global Geoparks Network, Chilmeoridanggut Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and JejuHaenyeo ICH. The UNFAO GIAHS that Jeju honors is Jeju Batdam Agricultural Heritage System. Those global titles are highly valued and recognized for environmental preservation and those global designations have attracted more visitors to the island. It is essential to see if Jeju global level heritages are recognized as they deserve attentions from home and abroad yet no holistic analysis on those 6 global level designations as a whole has been progressed to see the perception level among residents and visitors. The study aims to see the perception level of Jeju global Heritages, impact of global recognitions and the channels of the perception level. UNESCO World Natural Heritage and Haenyeo ICH have showed the highest perception level due to designation process and the amount of promotion by the managing division of Jeju municipality. The routine survey as per the result of the study regarding the perception level of those global designations could benefit Jeju tourism direction and help to preserve the island and culture.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2003

Many countries have established eBook standards adequate to their environments. In USA, OEB PS is announced for distribution and display of eBooks, in Japan, JepaX is announced for storage and exchange, and in Korea, EBKS is made for clear exchange of eBook contents. These diverse objectives lead to different content structures. These variety of content structure will cause a problem in exchanging them. To correctly exchange eBook contents, the content structure should be considered. So, In this paper, we study conversion methods of standard eBooks contents based on Korean eBook standard, with contemplating content structure. To convert contents properly, the mapping relations should be clearly defined. For this, we consider standard's structure and extension mechanisms, and use path notations and namespaces for precise description. Moreover, through analysis of each mapping relationships, we classify conversion cases into automatic, semi-automatic, and manual conversions. Finally we write up conversion scripts and experiment with them.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.347-376
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• 2021

Investigating and evaluating regionally distributed plant resources provide fundamental information (inventory) to conserve plant diversity in target areas. Nevertheless, the examination of inventory to collect information in areas with little interest has been insufficient. In this study, the vicinity of Mt. Baegamsan(1,004m) was investigated for plant resources in the central and southern part of the Korean peninsula, which has received low interest. Nine surveys identified a total of 638 taxa consisting of 108 families, 339 genera, 572 species, 12 subspecies, 49 varieties, and 5 forms. One taxon was designated to be the endangered wild plant by the Ministry of Environment, and a total of 29 taxa were designated to be endemic species in Korea. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 1 taxon for grade V, 13 taxa for grade IV, 36 taxa for grade III, 29s taxa for grade II, and 34 taxa for grade I. A total of 38 taxa were identified to be naturalized plants, and 3 of them were designated as invasive alien plants by the Ministry of Environment. There was a difference in plant distribution between western and eastern areas of Mt. Baegamsan. The endangered and valuable plants for conservation were mainly identified from Mt. Baegamsan peak area, the ridge, and the western area. Considering the plant distribution, the Mt. Baegamsan region, located on Nakdong-jungmaek, was estimated to be dispersal routes for plant expansion and retreat.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power Lossy Network) as a routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), a low power loss network environment. RPL creates a route through an Objective Function (OF) suitable for the service required by LLNs and builds a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG). Existing studies check the residual energy of each node and select a parent with the highest residual energy to build a DODAG, but the energy exhaustion of the parent can not avoid the network disconnection of the children nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes EC-RPL (Enhanced Connectivity-RPL), in which ta node leaves DODAG in advance when the remaining energy of the node falls below the specified energy threshold. The proposed protocol is implemented in Contiki, an open-source IoT operating system, and its performance is evaluated in Cooja simulator, and the number of control messages is compared using Foren6. Experimental results show that EC-RPL has 6.9% lower latency and 5.8% fewer control messages than the existing RPL, and the packet delivery rate is 1.7% higher.