• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.555-559
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• 2020

In order to examine the toxicity of palatinose-L (Pal-L) bioconverted from sucrose, we performed a 14-consecutive day toxicity study with male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, blood biochemical, urinalysis, histological changes in organs, such as the liver and kidneys, and clinical chemistry analysis data for all SD rats. There were no significant changes in food/water consumption, body weight, and organ weights during the experimental period. Although there were some hematologic and urinalysis alterations, these changes were not considered toxicologically significant. In addition, histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed no abnormal or toxicological changes between the control and Pal-L-treated rats of both sexes. Collectively, these results suggest that Pal-L was not indicated to have any toxicity in the SD rats when it was orally administered up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day for 14 days.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

Burkholderia pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 has an anti-bacterial effect on Garlic White Rot caused by Sclereotium cepivorum and Sclereotium sp.. It is an environmentally friendly microbial product that prevents and controls a variety of phytopathogens involving Garlic White Rot caused by Sclereotium cepivorum and Sclereotium sp.. The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the pathogenicity of Burkholderia pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 by single exposure of rats through several routes such as oral, intranasal and intravenous. For the acute toxicity / pathogenicity study, the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 21, and macroscopically observed their organs to examine the numbers of internally-retained pesticidal microbes. Clinical examinations were performed daily during administration period, and body weight gain was evaluated. In the study, no clinical sign, weight gain and mortality were observed in relation to the administration of test article. The significant changes of internal/external microbes by test article were not detected. The pathological findings in relation to the administration of the test article in the necropsy were not observed. It could be concluded that the microorganism was not toxic or pathogenic in rats via oral, intranasal and intravenous route.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2015

The present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo single-dose acute toxicity of Bacillus subtilis JNS isolated from Cheonggukjang, which is a probiotic candidate showing strong and broad antibacterial activity. The test sample was orally administrated to male and female ICR mice at a highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg for 14 days. No significant change in general conditions, mortalities, body weight changes, clinical signs, autopsy findings, or presence of gross lesions was observed in either sex of mice. The results indicate that up to 2,000 mg/kg of B. subtilis JNS had no adverse effect on ICR mice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 2017

In this study, natural extract of Ouercus mongolica by steaming explosion treatment were tested for antioxidant activity and safety. To determine the antioxidative properties of the hot water extracts, experiments were carried out by dividing into four groups (10 mice per group) of four-week-old B6C3F1 male mice from Air Logistics, Japan. As safety test, cell viability test, oral toxicity test were done. The activity of peroxidase was increased by more than 29% in the group treated with hydrothermal extract. From 4 kinds of safety tests, toxicity was not observed. From experimental results, natural extract of Ouercus mongolica by steaming explosion treatment showed superb safety and antioxidant effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.397-400
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of G. bimaculatus in Sprague-Dawley rats. G. bimaculatus was administered orally at doses of 8, 40, 200, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg. in this study, number of deaths, clinical sign, body weights, and pathological examination were investigated for 14 days after administration of G. bimaculatus. The results indicate that G. bimaculatus did not show any toxic effect in rats and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 5000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of ethanol extracts of the aleurone layer of Oryza sativa cvs. Obongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, and Aranghyangchalbyeo by a single oral dose in ICR mice. The test article was orally administered once by gavage to male and female mice at dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g/kg body weight (n=10 for male and female mice for each dose). We examined numbers of deaths, general signs, weight measurement and biochemical analysis for sexes and doses of mice control and experimental groups. All mice were alive during the experimental period so can not yield death rate and $LD_{50}$. Any significant clinical symptom was not observed in all treated groups. No significant body weight changes in treatment groups in comparison with those of control groups was observed at any dose levels in experimental groups. Plasma glucose levels were valued both control and treated groups and there were no significant differences between groups. The activities of ALT and AST were not increase in all sample treated groups when compared with the control groups. The results suggest that the toxicity of Oryza sativa cvs. Obongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, and Aranghyangchalbyeo are low and its $LD_{50}$ is over 10.0 g/kg body weight in both male and female mice.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

To investigate the immunostimulating and anticancer activities from hot water extract of Capsosiphon fulvescens, tumor cell toxicity, sarcoma-180 growth inhibition activity, complement system-activity, intestinal immune system and oral toxicity were performed. The extract of Capsosiphon fulvescens was prepared by hot water and precipitated by using ethanol. Partially purified extract (CFE) was obtained after dialysis and ultrafiltration. The polysaccharide compositions consisted of xylose(19.1%), fucose(15.3%), mannose(4.2%) and galactose(7.9%). The tumor cell toxicity of CFE slightly showed at high concentrations of 10-30 ${\mu}g/ml$, but inhibition ratio against mouse solid tumor was more increased for CFE of 40.1-59.4% than the control. Blood leukocyte counts increased to a maximum of 83% including liver, spleen and thymic of mouse. Immunoglobulin A binding amounts showed a high level of CFE of $2,454{\pm}113.8-2,670{\pm}133.1{\mu}g/mg$ in comparison with the control of $2,092{\pm}123.0{\mu}g/mg$. Acute toxicity of CFE was not detected at the concentration of 2,000 mg/kg in normal mouse.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

The acute oral and genetic toxicity of ASCO EAQ80 was established in this study. ASCO EAQ80, a novel cationic surfactant produced by Aekyung Speciality Chemicals Co. LTD. is currently commercialized as a clear fabric softener. In acute oral toxicity study, the 50% lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ of ASCO EAQ80 was determined to be higher than 5000 mg/kg and this product could be classified as Category 5 or Unclassified by Globally Harmonized Classification System. Also, to establish the gene-toxicity of ASCO EAQ80, we performed bacterial reversion assay against Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, and in vitro chromosomal aberration assay against Chinese hamster lung cells in the presence and absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From these experiments, ASCO EAQ80 revealed nonmutagenic potential in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system. No clastogenicity of ASCO EAQ80 was observed in chromosomal aberration assay in vitro.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.356-364
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• 2016

In vivo genotoxic potential of isoquercetin, a plant common flavonoid, in comparison with quercetin was investigated for the DNA breakage and the clastogenicity endpoints. Male ICR mice were administered by oral gavage for 3 days with $3{\times}0.5%$ carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 3 ${\times}$ isoquercetin (250, 500 mg/kg/day), 3 ${\times}$ quercetin (250, 500 mg/kg/day) and 2 ${\times}$ ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS, 200 mg/kg/day). Tissues were collected 48 hours after the first treatment and within 3 hours after the last treatment. The DNA damages were evaluated using Comet assay in liver and stomach, while the clastogenicities were determined using micronucleus test in bone marrow of same animals. The treatment of isoquercetin as well as quercetin did not cause the DNA damages in liver and stomach, and not induce the frequencies of micronucleus polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow. In conclusion, isoquercetin as well as quercetin did not cause the DNA breakages and the chromosomal damages in vivo system in these study conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.797-804
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• 2016

In an acute toxicity test for Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 0.5~10 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts were administered. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne did not produce acute toxicity even at high doses of 10 g/kg, making it a highly safe material. In the chronic toxicity test, oral administration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne up to 2 g/kg was carried out for 13 weeks, showing liver non-toxicity. The gout inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracts was measured by inflammatory cytokine expression and foot thickness after 24 h of monosodium urate crystal (MSU) oral administration when inflammatory cytokine production reached a maximum. The group administered 2~4 g/kg of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an inhibitory effect on gout inflammation and edema, whereas the 10 g/kg administered group showed an increase in inflammation. Therefore, the moderate concentration of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract for gout inhibitory effect was under 4 g/kg. Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect on MSU as a relatively safe material at high capacity. These results indicate that Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extract is thought to be an excellent substance for gout prevention.