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The Characteristic of Mangerite and Gabbro in the Odaesan Area and its Meaning to the Triassic Tectonics of Korean Peninsula (오대산 지역에 나타나는 맨거라이트와 반려암의 특징과 트라이아스기 한반도 지체구조 해석에 대한 의미)

  • Kim, Tae-Sung;Oh, Chang-Whan;Kim, Jeong-Min
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.77-98
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    • 2011
  • The igneous complex consisting of mangerite and gabbro in the Odaesan area, the eastem part of the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, intruded early Paleo-proterozoic migmatitic gneiss. The mangerite is composed of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, pethitic K-feldspar, quartz. The gabbro has similar mineral assemblage but gabbro has minor amounts of amphibole and no perthitic K-feldspar. The gabbro occurs as enclave and irregular shaped body within the mangerite, and the boundary between the mangerite and gabbro is irregular. Leucocratic lenses with perthitic K-feldspar are included in the gabbro enclaves. These textures represent mixing of two different magmas in liquid state. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age dating gave $234{\pm}1.2$ Ma and $231{\pm}1.3$ Ma for mangerite and gabbro, respectively. These ages are similar with the intrusion ages of post collision granitoids in the Hongseong (226~233 Ma) and Yangpyeong (227~231 Ma) areas in the Gyeonggi Massif. The mangerite and gabbro are high Ba-Sr granites, shoshonitic and formed in post collision tectonic setting. These rocks also show the characters of subduction-related igneous rock such as enrichment in LREE, LILE and negative Nb-Ta-P-Ti anomalies. These data represent that the mangerite and gabbro formed in the post collision tectonic setting by the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle during subduction which occurred before collision. The heat for the partial melting was supplied by asthenospheric upwelling through the gab between continental and oceanic slabs formed by slab break-off after continental collision. The distribution of post-collisional igneous rocks (ca. 230 Ma) in the Gyeonggi Massif including Odaesan mangerite and gabbro strongly suggests that the tectonic boundary between the North and South China blocks in Korean peninsula passes the Hongseong area and futher exteneds into the area between the Yangpyeong-Odaesan line and Ogcheon metamorphic belt.

Synoptic Climatological Characteristics of Spring Droughts in Korea (한국의 춘계한발의 종관기후학적 특성)

  • Yang, Jin-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.43-56
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study is to identify distributional characteristics of climatic elements and to analyze synoptic characteristics on the pressure fields for spring droughts in Korea. In the distributions of minimum temperature during the spring droughts, positive anomalies and negative anomalies are mixed up, but in March the negative anomaly areas are widely distributed in Korea. It implies that the droughts of March have more frequent occurrences of the west-high, east-low pressure patterns. In the maximum air temperatures, the positive anomalies appear in Korea. It indicates that the spring droughts have rain days, cloud amount and humidities less than normal. As a result, the amount of evaporation is increased in Korea. In the pressure anomaly of surface pressure fields, the positive anomalies appear in the west, negative anomalies in the east in March, but in May the positive anomalies appeared zonally around the Korean peninsula. It indicates that March droughts have more frequent occurrences of the west-high. east-low patterns, but in May the Korean Peninsula has more frequent recurrences of the migratory anticyclone patterns. The height anomaly patterns of 500hPa pressure surface in spring droughts are similarly shown to those of surface fields. In March droughts, the positive height anomalies appear in the west, the negative height anomalies in the east, but in April the negative height anomaly areas are extended to the west part. In May the positive anomalies appear zonally around the Korean Peninsula, and strong positive height anomalies appear around the Kamchatka Peninsula and the sea of Okhotsk. These are the result of circulations that inhibit the eastward movement of westerlies and that has persistent anticyclone circulation patterns around the Korean Peninsula. As a result, the zonal indices of westerlies during March and April droughts are lower than normal, but higher in May. These data indicate that early spring droughts are associated with weak zonal flow, but the late spring droughts are obviously related with strong zonal flow. In addition, during early spring droughts the abnormally deep trough over the west coast of the North Pacific Ocean that accompanied the anticyclone was associated with frequent advection of air from the dry regions in the Central Asia into the Korean Peninsula. The atmospheric circulation patterns at the height of the 500hPa pressure surface in May was quite different from March and April circulation patterns. Instead of the abnormal ridge in the west and trough in the east, the circulation pattern in May was characterized by a much stronger than normal anticyclone over the Korean Peninsula. Also, the zonal indices of westerlies in May are higher than normal. The occurrences of drought in early spring, therefore, have mechanism different from those of late spring.

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Developing a New Area Study Methodology Suitable to the Globalization Era : With Revision of the Regional Geography of World-Systems. (세계화시대에 적실한 지역연구방법론 모색 -세계체제론적 지역지리학의 보완을 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Jae-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.115-134
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    • 1997
  • We now live in the new era of globalization which implies the functional integration or increase of inter-dependency between internationally dispersed economic activities. As globalization impacts our various activities and daily lives, social sciences, including, geography, attempt to approach social phenomena from a global perspective. From this point of view. new regional geography, which has been articulated in recent social theory since the 1980s, also must adjust to these new world realities. This paper aims to search for a suitable methodology or approach to area study or regional geography in the era of globalization and to suggest the field of area study that Korean geographers should be concerned with in the future. This paper has reviewed the existing various methodologies of regional geography such as the ecological approach, the landscape approach. the areal differentiation approach, the system approach, the structuration theory, the spatial division of labour, and the world-system, which have deviced in the traditional and new regional geography. Peter Taylor's regional geography of world systems among them has an appropriate rationale of area study in the globalization era, because world-systems theory explains well globalization. However the regional geography of world-systems must be revised to become more suitable to the area-study approach in the globalization era. Firstly, the regional geography of world-systems explains that regions(historical regions) are made by general mechanisms of the capitalist world-economy that operate through social, economic, and political agents within regions such as individuals, households, social classes, economic enterprises, states, political movements, and many other organizations. But these mechanisms can also act through other regional agents of geographical location, natural conditions, and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the generating process of regions needs to be explained by locational, natural, and cultural elements in addition to social, economic, and political elements within regions. Secondly, Taylor's world-systems approach does not express composite characteristics of regions, because it focuses on the economic characteristics or position of regions within the world-economy. Regions incorporated into world-economy systems are not only changed economically, but also changed spatially, socially, culturally, and politically. Hence the world-systems approach must try to analyze these composite characteristics and their change of regions. Thirdly, The world-system approach proposed that the geography of regions within world-systems could be divided and analyzed as three regional types at the geographical scale such as international regions, state regions, and intra-state regions. However such a regionalization is usually not identified distinctly, because the geographical range of regions in world-systems shaped by economic boundaries of the general mechanisms of the world-economy is fluid and also occasionally overlaps with other political regions. Hence I propose that the world-systems approach should choose political boundaries of states and local autonomies in addition to economic boundaries for objective regionalization and systematic areal study. The revised regional geography of world-systems that I have suggested in this paper can be more effectively and properly applied to regional geography or area study in the globalization era. Globalization intensifies competition between states and also between local autonomies in the world. Therefore we must make efforts to study such areas or regions through the revised regional geography of world-system.

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Linguistic, Cultural, and Historical Momentums through History of Korean Literature -Focused on the Recognition and Descriptive Aspects of Korean Modern Literature in the History of Korean Literature Written in Japan- (한국문학사를 가로지르는 언어·문화·역사의 계기들 - 일본 저술 한국문학사의 한국근현대문학 인식과 서술양상을 중심으로 -)

  • Yoon, Song-ah
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.48
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    • pp.31-66
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    • 2017
  • This study examines ways of recognizing and aspects of describing Korean modern literature revealed by each literary history from the viewpoint of 'transculturation', focusing on Lim Jeon-Hye's "History of Korean Literature in Japan until 1945", Shirakawa Yutaka's "Footsteps of Korean Modern Literature", and Saegusa Toshikatsu's "Taste of Korean Literature" from the history of Korean literature written in Japan. First, Lim Jeon-Hye periodically examines Korean literature written in Japan, focusing on literary activities of Korean students in Japan and the proletarian literature movement, and addresses points of active cultural negotiation, mutual understanding and political solidarity between Korea and Japan. Shirakawa Yutaka focuses on the concurrency and connection of Korea, China, and Japan in the process of modern literary formation, covering Japanese language literature and pro-Japanese literature with great care, and describes the middle-layer position as a mediating researcher in the conflicting boundaries between Korea and Japan. Saegusa Toshikatsu provides interesting transcultural momentum in exploring internal logic and denotation of Korean literature via comparative literature review encompassing East Asia, implementation of literary forms and themes connecting tradition and modernity, and an out-of-boundary point of view to overlook 'pro-Japanese literature', etc. Transcultural aspects in this literary history to examine are as follow. First, the history of Korean modern literature based on 'national literature history' is catabolized in the magnetic field of the 'colonial experience' and 'national nationalism' and considered in multifaceted context. Second, they provide the possibility of three-dimensional and micro-narrative description of literature that complement the narrative aspect of existing Korean literature history. Third, they provide an opportunity to expand and open the description of literature history through acceptance of comparative literary perspectives encompassing East Asia. Fourth, through discovery of Korean-Japanese literature and Japanese language literature, they contribute to broadening the history of Korean modern literature and enriching foundations.

Geophysical Evidence Indicating the Presence of Gas Hydrates in a Mud Volcano(MV420) in the Canadian Beaufort Sea (캐나다 보퍼트해 진흙화산(MV420) 내 가스하이드레이트 부존을 지시하는 지구물리학적 증거)

  • Yeonjin Choi;Young-Gyun Kim;Seung-Goo Kang;Young Keun Jin;Jong Kuk Hong;Wookeen Chung;Sung-Ryul Shin
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.18-30
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    • 2023
  • Submarine mud volcanos are topographic features that resemble volcanoes, and are formed due to eruptions of fluidized or gasified sediment material. They have gained attention as a source of subsurface heat, sediment, or hydrocarbons supplied to the surface. In the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea, mud volcano exists at various water depths. The MV420, is an active mud volcano erupting at a water depth of 420 meters, and it has been the subject of extensive study. The Korea Polar Research Institute(KOPRI) collected high-resolution seismic data and heat flow data around the caldera of the mud volcano. By analyzing the multi-channel seismic data, we confirmed the reverse-polarity reflector assumed by a gas hydrate-related bottom simulating reflector(BSR). To further elucidate the relationship between the BSR and gas hydrates, as well as the thermal structure of the mud volcano, a numerical geothermal model was developed based on the steady-state heat equation. Using this model, we estimated the base of the gas hydrate stability zone and found that the BSR depth estimated by multi-channel seismic data and the bottom of the gas hydrate stability zone were in good agreement., This suggests the presence of gas hydrates, and it was determined that the depth of the gas hydrate was likely up to 50 m, depending on the distance from the mud conduit. Thus, this depth estimate slightly differs from previous studies.

Politics of "Imagined Ethnicity" in World Music (월드뮤직에서 "상상된 민족"의 정치학)

  • Kim, Hee-sun
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.22
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    • pp.223-252
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    • 2011
  • If we remember that modern world history has built systems of meaning through the concepts "difference," "different," and "other-ness" and has constructed new identity based on opposing hierarchy, music anthropology which tried to build "difference" between the west and the non-west was thoroughly west -centered, in the sense that it has perceived the heterogeneous symbolic systems among nations, as well as the barrier between the two cultures. On the other hand, world music, which has emerged as the most attractive field in culture industry and concert-art-market by crossing over global capitals, markets, and barriers, can be considered the most post-modernist and glocal. However, it is interesting to note that world music, which has been described as post-modern and glocal, has "difference" and "different" in its basis, just like the precepts for modern music anthropology (Meintjes 1990; Guilbault 1993; Taylor 1997; Frith 2000; Feld 1988). Furthermore, one can understand that the "different" and "difference," generally termed as being "non-western," are fundamentally based on ethnic or national imagination. In this sense it is interesting and important to examine such ethnic imagination in the "non-western ethnic musics" in music anthropology and in world music. Notwithstanding the attention paid and research made by music anthropologists, they have failed to elevate the "non-western ethnic musics" to become universally communicative, and these ethnic musics were reborn as "global" and "world music," through the process of "acculturation," "derivation," and "hybridization," with the west as major site for production and consumption. Meanwhile, the audience for world music, which did not exist before the birth of world music as a term, was now born as world music emerged. They are global populace who consume the musical "difference" and "imagined ethnicity," who through their consumption are constructing new social meanings including ethnicity, race, nation, and class identity. This study, by examining current discourse, performance, and process for the world music through media and field studies and scholarly debates, attempts to understand the production and consumption of "imagined ethnicity." This will also shed light on how "ethnicity" is created and consumed, and how this is involved in the process of world music.

Proposed program for monitoring recent Crustal movement in Korean Peninsula

  • Hamdy, Ahmed M.;Jo, Bong-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.283-292
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    • 2002
  • The Korean peninsula is located at the edge of the East Asian active margin. The seismic activity in the Korean Peninsula is relatively low compared with the neighboring countries China and Japan. According to the available Seismic information, the Korean Peninsula is not totally safe from the Earthquake disaster. Moreover, the area is surrounded by varies tectonic forces which is resulted from the relative movements of the surrounding tectonic plates "Pacific, Philippine Sea, Eurasian and South China". Nowadays South Korea has 65 GPS stations belong to 5 governmental organizations "each organization figure out its own GPS stations for different requirements" In order to minimize the seismic hazard in the Korean Peninsula a program for monitoring the recent crustal movement has been designed considering the uses of the available GPS station "some selected stations from the previously mentioned stations" and the tectonic settings in and around the Korean Peninsula. This program is composed of two main parts, the first part to monitor the crustal deformation around the Korean Peninsula with the collaboration of the surrounding countries "China and Japan" this part is composed of two phases "East Sea Phase and Yellow Sea Phase". These phases will be helpful in determining the deformation parameters in the East Sea and the Yellow Sea respectively While the Second part of this program, is designed to determine the deformation parameters id and around the main faults in the Korean Peninsula and the relative movement between the Korean Peninsula and the Cheju Island. Through out this study the needs of crustal movement center rose up to collect the data from the previously mentioned stations and Organizations in order to use such reliable data in different geodynamical application.

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Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution around the Micro-Patterned Implants (마이크로패터닝을 부여한 임플란트 주변골에서의 하중 분포에 관한 유한요소분석법적 연구)

  • Hur, Bae-Young;Kim, Dae-Gon;Park, Chan-Jin;Cho, Lee-Ra
    • Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.67-76
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    • 2008
  • Implant requires long lasting, strong osseointegration using bio-mechanical interlocking by bone ingrowth. In regarding the size level for bone ingrowth, the micro-patterning would enhance bone response. Micro-patterning can increase the area contacting the bone tissues. Therefore, it may distribute the load to the surrounding bone tissue, more effectively. This study compared and analyzed the load distributing effect with the shape and number of micro-patterning. For the optimal comparison of threads, the assumptions different from general finite element analysis model were made. It was assumed that the implant was axisymmetric and infinitely long. The implant was assumed to be completely embedded in the infinitely long cortical bone and to have 100% bone apposition. The implant-bone interface had completely fixed boundary conditions and received an infinitely big axial load. The condition of threads were as follows. The reference model 1 had conventional thread. Model 2 had 2 micro-patterns on the upper flank of the thread. Model 3 had 2 micro-patterns on the lower flank of the thread. Model 4 had 2 micro-patterns on the upper and lower flanks of the thread. Model 5 had 3 micro patterns on the upper and lower flanks of the thread. The results were as follows: 1. The thread with micro-patterns distributed stress better than the conventional thread. 2. The thread with micro-patterns on the lower flank distributed stress better than that with micro-patterns on the upper flank. 3. The thread with 3 micro-patterns distributed stress better than that with 2 micro-patterns, However, an area with stress concentration occurred.

Three-dimensional Modeling of Marine Controlled-source Electromagnetic Surveys Based on Finite Difference Method (유한차분법에 기초한 인공송신원 해양전자탐사 모델링)

  • Han, Nu-Ree;Nam, Myung-Jin;Ku, Bon-Jin;Kim, Hee-Joon
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents development of a three-dimensional marine controlled-source electromagnetic (mCSEM) modeling algorithm and its application to a salt and reservoir model to examine detectability of mCSEM for a reservoir under complex subsurface structures. The algorithm is based on the finite difference method, and employs the secondary field formulation for an accurate and fast calculation of modeling responses. The algorithm is verified for a two-layer model by comparing solutions not only with analytic solutions but also with those from other 3D modeling algorithm. We calculate and analyze electric and magnetic fields and their normalized responses for a salt and reservoir model due to three sources located at boundaries between a salt, a reservoir, and background. Numbers and positions of resistive anomalies are informed by normalized responses for three sources, and types of resistive anomalies can be informed when there is a priori information about a salt by seismic exploration.

Level Set Based Topological Shape Optimization of Hyper-elastic Nonlinear Structures using Topological Derivatives (위상 민감도를 이용한 초탄성 비선형 구조의 레벨셋 기반 위상 및 형상 최적설계)

  • Kim, Min-Geun;Ha, Seung-Hyun;Cho, Seonho
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.559-567
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    • 2012
  • A level set based topological shape optimization method for nonlinear structure considering hyper-elastic problems is developed. To relieve significant convergence difficulty in topology optimization of nonlinear structure due to inaccurate tangent stiffness which comes from material penalization of whole domain, explicit boundary for exact tangent stiffness is used by taking advantage of level set function for arbitrary boundary shape. For given arbitrary boundary which is represented by level set function, a Delaunay triangulation scheme is used for current structure discretization instead of using implicit fixed grid. The required velocity field in the actual domain to update the level set equation is determined from the descent direction of Lagrangian derived from optimality conditions. The velocity field outside the actual domain is determined through a velocity extension scheme based on the method suggested by Adalsteinsson and Sethian(1999). The topological derivatives are incorporated into the level set based framework to enable to create holes whenever and wherever necessary during the optimization.