• Title/Summary/Keyword: 결정성 검증

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Is that possible to simulate daily runoff with one parameter? (하나 매개변수로 유출 모의 가능한가?)

  • Noh, Jaekyoung;An, Hyunuk;Lee, Jaenam
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.29-29
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    • 2017
  • 유역의 물수지를 강수, 증발산, 토양수분저류, 유출 등 성분으로 구성하고, 토양수분저류 상태에 따라 증발산과 유출이 변화하는 식을 기본식으로 구성하였으며, 물수지를 개선하는 매개변수를 변수화하는 개념을 도입하여 다음 식의 모형을 개발하였다. 여기서, ETa는 실제증발산량, ETo는 잠재증발산량, Q는 유출량, S는 토양수분저류량이고, C1은 증발산, C2, ${\alpha}$는 유출반응, C3, C4는 매개변수 ${\alpha}$를 변수화시키는 데 관련한 매개변수이다. $$ETa(i)=(1-e^{-c1{\times}s(i)}){\times}ETo_{(i)}$$ $$Q_{(i)}=S_{(i)}{\times}(1-e^{-c2{\times}s(i)})^{[(c3+e^{-c4{\times}s(i)}){\times}a]}$$ 모형의 검증을 위해 Monte Calro 기법으로 최적 매개변수를 결정한 결과 수많은 매개변수 조합이 최적영역에 분포되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 매개변수 하나만 남겨 놓고 나머지 매개변수는 상수화시켜도 모의결과가 똑같다는 결과를 관찰하였으며, 이를 토대로 하나 매개변수만으로 일 유출 모의가 가능하다고 결론을 내렸다. 하나의 매개변수는 ${\alpha}$를 우선 추천하고, C1도 유역의 토지이용에 따라 증발산이 변화하기 때문에 의미있다고 판단하고 있다. 하나의 매개변수를 결정하는 방법은 유출 자료가 있으면 유출량으로, 없으면 유출률을 맞추는 방법이며, 일반화하기 쉽고 실용성이 매우 높은 것으로 평가된다. 유역면적 $209km^2$인 보령댐의 2007년부터 2009년까지 Monte Calro 기법으로 매개변수를 결정한 결과 C1=0.0196, C2=0.0023, C3=0.3230, C4=0.0051, ${\alpha}=2.3304$ 이었으며, 이 때 연평균 강우량 1221.2mm, 유출량 651.2mm, 유출률 53.3%이었으며, $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.073, NSE=0.831이었고, 관측 유출량 610.8mm, 유출률 50.0%였다. 매개변수 C1, C2, C3, C4를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 ${\alpha}$는 2.6946이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.831$, RMSE=2.102, NSE=0.826이었고, 매개변수 C2, C3, C4, ${\alpha}$를 고정시키고 유출률 50%에 이를 때 C1은 0.0255이었으며, 이 때 $R^2=0.833$, RMSE=2.083, NSE=0.829이었다. 한편 똑같은 자료로 탱크모형은 $R^2=0.79$, RMSE=2.43, NSE=0.77이었고, SWAT 모형은 $R^2=0.56$, RMSE=3.97, NSE=0.40으로 나타난 것과 비교할 때, 개발된 모형의 성능이 우수한 것이라 결론내릴 수 있었다.

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Development and Application of the Butterfly Algorithm Based on Decision Making Tree for Contradiction Problem Solving (모순 문제 해결을 위한 의사결정트리 기반 나비 알고리즘의 개발과 적용)

  • Hyun, Jung Suk;Ko, Ye June;Kim, Yung Gyeol;Jean, Seungjae;Park, Chan Jung
    • The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.87-98
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    • 2019
  • It is easy to assume that contradictions are logically incorrect or empty sets that have no solvability. This dilemma, which can not be done, is difficult to solve because it has to solve the contradiction hidden in it. Paradoxically, therefore, contradiction resolution has been viewed as an innovative and creative problem-solving. TRIZ, which analyzes the solution of the problem from the perspective of resolving contradictions, has been used for people rather than computers. The Butterfly model, which analyzes the problem from the perspective of solving the contradiction like TRIZ, analyzed the type of contradiction problem using symbolic logic. In order to apply an appropriate concrete solution strategy for a given contradiction problems, we designed the Butterfly algorithm based on decision making tree. We also developed a visualization tool based on Python tkInter to find concrete solution strategies for given contradiction problems. In order to verify the developed tool, the third grade students of middle school learned the Butterfly algorithm, analyzed the contradiction of the wooden support, and won the grand prize at an invention contest in search of a new solution. The Butterfly algorithm developed in this paper systematically reduces the solution space of contradictory problems in the beginning of problem solving and can help solve contradiction problems without trial and errors.

Analysis and verification of the characteristic of a compact free-flooded ring transducer made of single crystals (압전단결정을 이용한 소형 free-flooded ring 트랜스듀서의 성능 특성 예측 및 검증)

  • Im, Jongbeom;Yoon, Hongwoo;Kwon, Byungjin;Kim, Kyungseop;Lee, Jeongmin
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.278-286
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    • 2022
  • In this study, a 33-mode Free-Flooded Ring (FFR) transducer was designed to apply piezoelectric single crystal PIN-PMN-PT, which has high piezoelectric constants and electromechanical coupling coefficient. To ensure low-frequency high transmitting sensitivity characteristics with a small size of FFR transducer, the commercial FFR transducer based on piezoelectric ceramics was compared. To develop the FFR transducer with broadband characteristics, a piezoelectric segmented ring structure inserted with inactive elements was applied. The oil-filled structure was applied to minimize the change of acoustic characteristics of the ring transducer. It was verified that the transmitting voltage response, underwater impedance, and beam pattern matched the finite element numerical simulation results well through an acoustic test. The difference in the transmitting voltage response between the measured and the simulated results is about 1.3 dB in cavity mode and about 0.3 dB in radial mode. The fabricated FFR transducer had a higher transmitting voltage response compared to the commercial transducer, but the diameter was reduced by about 17 %. From this study, it was confirmed that the feasibility of a single crystal-applied FFR transducer with compact size and high-power characteristics. The effectiveness of the performance prediction by simulation was also confirmed.

Validation of the Korean Version of Free Will and Determinism Scale (FAD-Plus) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis - The Relationship Between Belief in Free Will and Correspondence Bias - (확인적 요인분석을 통한 한국판 자유의지와 결정론 척도(FAD-Plus)의 타당화 - 자유의지에 대한 믿음과 귀인편향의 관계 -)

  • Ahn, Jaekyung;Han, Sanghoon;Choi, Yimoon
    • Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.35-51
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    • 2021
  • People's belief in free will is important in determining the causes and responsibilities of human behavior. Over the past decades, there has been debate about belief in free will in the fields of neuroscience, philosophy, ethics, and criminal law. The Free Will and Determinism Scale (FAD-Plus; Paulhus & Carey, 2011) is a test tool that measures the components related to the belief in an individual's free will. This study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of 1,000 ordinary people of various age groups and socio-economic backgrounds based on previous studies that conducted an exploratory factor analysis (Study 1). The author has secured the reliability and validity of a number of measures. Furthermore, it was examined how the sub-item of the FAD-Plus scale, 'belief in free will,' was related to correspondence bias and locus of control (Study 2). As a result of analyzing a total of 83 subjects, high belief in free will had a positive correlation with punishment judgment for negative behavior and internal attribution, but there was no significant relationship in reward judgment for positive behavior. Based on the study results, it was proven that the FAD-Plus is valid for the general public as well, and the relationship between belief in free will, attribution bias, locus of control and behavior judgment was examined. The limitations of this study, policy implications, and research directions are discussed.

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Effects of Old-age Income Level on Life Satisfaction: Focusing on Effects of the Relative Income of Reference Groups (노후 소득수준이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향: 준거집단의 상대소득 효과를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Hakju
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.169-188
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    • 2019
  • In this study, the author utilizes longitudinal data of the recent 12 years to verify whether the absolute versus relative income of old age has a significant effect on their life satisfaction of life. The findings of this study show that there is a significant difference in life satisfaction of old age according to respondents' relative income of three reference groups based on their asset quintile and residental area and education. In the correlation analysis using the cross-sectional data, the absolute and relative income level was closely related to the life satisfaction. In the panel regression analysis using the 12 years longitudinal data from the Korea National Labour Panel dataset, the income level of counterparts in those reference groups appeared highly significant in determining the level of life satisfaction of the elderly. However, some demographic variables such as age and marital status did not have a statistically significant effect in the long-term perspective. The income of reference groups in terms of asset levels, education and region as well as their own past life satisfaction level had a significant effect on the elders' life satisfaction determination. These results suggest that the relative income hypothesis in terms of life satisfaction among the elderly is more valid than the previous absolute income hypothesis.

Determinants of Technological Innovation of Photonics Industry in Korea: Focus on regional differences

  • 배정환
    • 산업혁신연구
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.153-186
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    • 2018
  • Technological innovation is a key driver of firm survival and prosperity in a competitive market. Though most economists consider the determinants of technological innovation as firm-level activities, concentrations of innovative performance within particular regions have been observed almost everywhere. We examine if performance of technological innovation for photonics industry in Korea will be affected by different regions as well as firm specific factors. By applying Heckman's selection model, we found that specific regions such as Gwangju and Honam region have significant effects on the probability of obtaining patents, but there is no significant evidence that the location on specific regions increases the number of patents. On the contrary, firms with main plants in the SMA have not only significantly lower chances of obtaining patents but also produce significantly fewer patents than do firms in other regions. The analysis also found that the R&D spending-capital ratio, total employment-capital ratio of firms, and firm location in metropolitan cities are all positively related to the number of patents. As a policy implication, more active cooperation between the R&D cluster and the surrounding firms will be required to enhance the technology diffusion effects from the R&D cluster to innovative activity of the firms. This paper contributes relevant literature by showing empirically that regional location is an important determinant of technological innovation for photonics firms.

A Case Study of Software Architecture Design by Applying the Quality Attribute-Driven Design Method (품질속성 기반 설계방법을 적용한 소프트웨어 아키텍처 설계 사례연구)

  • Suh, Yong-Suk;Hong, Seok-Boong;Kim, Hyeon-Soo
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.14D no.1 s.111
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    • pp.121-130
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    • 2007
  • in a software development, the design or architecture prior to implementing the software is essential for the success. This paper presents a case that we successfully designed a software architecture of radiation monitoring system (RMS) for HANARO research reactor currently operating in KAERI by applying the quality attribute-driven design method which is modified from the attribute-driven design (ADD) introduced by Bass[1]. The quality attribute-driven design method consists of following procedures: eliciting functionality and quality requirements of system as architecture drivers, selecting tactics to satisfy the drivers, determining architectures based on the tactics, and implementing and validating the architectures. The availability, maintainability, and interchangeability were elicited as duality requirements, hot-standby dual servers and weak-coupled modulization were selected as tactics, and client-server structure and object-oriented data processing structure were determined at architectures for the RMS. The architecture was implemented using Adroit which is a commercial off-the-shelf software tool and was validated based on performing the function-oriented testing. We found that the design method in this paper is an efficient method for a project which has constraints such as low budget and short period of development time. The architecture will be reused for the development of other RMS in KAERI. Further works are necessary to quantitatively evaluate the architecture.

Manufacture of the vol-oxidizer with a capacity of 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets using a design model (설계 모델을 이용한 $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 제작)

  • Kim Young-Hwan;Yoon Ji-Sup;Jung Jae-Hoo;Hong Dong-Hee;Uhm Jae-Beop
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.255-263
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    • 2006
  • Vol-oxidizer is a device to convert $UO_2$ pellets into $U_3O_8$ powder and to feed a homogeneous powder into a Metal Conversion Reactor in the ACP(Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process). In this paper, we propose a design model of the vol-oxidizer, develop the new vol-oxidizer with a capacity of 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets, and conduct a verification for the device. Design considerations include the internal structure, the capacity, the heating position of the device, and the size. The dimensions of the new vol-oxidizer are decided by the design model. We determine a permeability test of the $U_3O_8$ measuring the temperature distribution, and the volume of $UO_2$ and $U_3O_8$. We manufactured the new vol-oxidizer for a 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets, and then analyzed the characteristics of the $U_3O_8$ powder for the verification. The experimental results show that the permeability of the $U_3O_8$ throughout mesh enhance more than old vol-oxidizer, the oxidation time takes only 8 hours when compared with the 13 hours of the old device, and the average distribution of particle size is $40{\mu}m$. The capacities of new vol-oxidizer for a 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets were agree well with the predictions of design model.

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The Effect of Resources and Family Saliency on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in IT Business (IT 여성 기업인의 외부자원과 가족역할 중심성이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향-경험적 연구)

  • Chun, Bang-Jee;Kim, Yoo-Jung;Han, Mee-Ra
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.3258-3266
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    • 2011
  • This paper empirically explores how resources and family saliency of women entrepreneurs in IT business influence their business performance. Building up on prior research and Shelton[2006], we develop hypothesis on how the strategies of resolving wok family conflict relate to determinants of performance and business performance. The central hypothesis states that role sharing would be the strategy raising up the business performance. We also posit that the role sharing strategy would be adopted by women who show high saliency in both family and work. and women who have high levels of resources. Results suggest that financial resources have significant impact on role sharing strategy and the sales. The hypothesis of positive role sharing effect on the performance is not supported, indicating that combining family role might be an obstacle to business performance of women.

Assessment of gene flow from insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Agb0101) to non-GM rice (해충저항성 유전자변형 벼(Agb0101) 유전자 이동성 평가)

  • Oh, Sung-Dug;Yun, Doh-Won;Sohn, Soo-In;Park, Soon Ki;Chang, Ancheol
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.180-189
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    • 2017
  • Genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed worldwide through the recombinant DNA technology and commercialized by global agricultural companies. Until now, GM crops have not been cultivated commercially in Korea. Commercialization of GM crops requires a compulsory assessment of environmental risk associated with the release of GM crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of pollen mediated gene flow from Bt transgenic rice (Agb0101) to japonica non-GM rice (Nakdongbyeo), indica non-GM rice (IR36), and weedy rice (R55). A total of 729,917, 596,318 and 230,635 seeds were collected from Nakdongbyeo, IR36, and R55, respectively, which were planted around Agb0101. Selection of the hybrids was determined by repeated spraying of herbicide and Cry1Ac1 immunostrip assay. Finally, the hybrids were confirmed by PCR analysis using specific primer. The hybrids were found in all non-GM rice and out-crossing ranged from 0.0005% at IR36 to 0.0027% at Nakdongbyeo. All of hybrids were located within 1.2 m distance from the Agb0101 rice plot. The meteorological elements including rainfall and temperature during rice flowering time were found to be important factors to determine rice out-crossing rate. Consideration should be taken for many factors like the meteorological elements of field and physiological condition of crop to set up the safety management guideline to prevention of GM crops gene flow.