• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of Cedrela sinensis extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of extract ($3.54\;{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract ($2.15\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) than the activity of (+)-$\alpha$-tocopherol ($8.98\;{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of Cedrela sinensis extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of extract ($0.15\;{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract ($0.12\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed 10 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than activity of L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g/mL$). The protective effects of fractions of Cedrela sinensis on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of extract and aglycone fraction of extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}25\;{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of Cedrela sinensis extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of Cedrela sinensis extract ($48.00\;{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract ($5.88\;{\mu}g/mL$). The aglycone fraction showed 40 times more remarkable tyrosinase inhibitory effect than whitening agent, arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g/mL$) These results indicate that fractions of Cedrela sinensis can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. The fractions of Cedrela sinensis can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-107
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• 1996

Based on the act.ivity report for the coastal fisheries resources conducted from 1982 to 1989 by West, East Research Institute of Fisheries, some other reports from Korea Rural Economics Institute and etc., and the questionnaire results for the senses of fishermen, the fishing efficiency and conditions of by - catch of small fish in winged stow net were analized, and then some ways to prevent from by - catch of small fishes were suggested in this paper. The nationwide conditions of Permission and Disposal in winged stow net fishery arc that number of cases of coastal winged stow net fishery has dropped to 757 by 1994 while it was 961 in 1991 and that the number of cases of a sectional winged stow net fishery on the contrary has increased to 302 by 1994 while it was 11 in 1991. Regardless of region, catch per net by year in general has been on gradual increase in 1982 through 1989, but that showed decrease in 1994. From the view of region, the proportion of by - catch of shrimps and blenny is higher in Kyonggi, Chungnam with West Sea and that of anchovy and blenny is higher in Chonbuk, Chonnam, Kyongnam with South Sea. The average proportions of by - catch of small fish for 5 years from 1985 to 1989 are 86.9% for sand lance, 69% for anchovy, 63% for big eyed herring, 51% for blenny, 22% for Southern rough shrimp and 19% for akiami paste shrimp, hence sand lance and anchovy are highly by - catch effective while shrimps is not. Ways to prevent the over fishing of small fish in winged stow net fishery includes reduction of fishing frequency during April and August through November, the very season for small fish, use of meshes large enough for small fish to go through and assignment of fishing area to other than habitats of stationary fish.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.54-69
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• 2000

There are groundwater trouble by high-salinity yield inducing sea-water intrusion in Cheju Island. It is used groundwater-GIS(Well-lnfo) in the maintenance and management of groundwater in Cheju Island to grasp groundwater trouble area and cause of high-salinity yield. For 16 wells certain to yield high-salinity, we logged specific electrical conductivity(EC) and tried to get hold of freshwater and saltwater relationship. As result of distribution of $Cl^-$ by depth, it is showed up groundwater trouble by high-salinity yield in the east coastal area and the partly north coastal area. The reason of high-salinity groundwater yield are low-groundwater level by the structure of geology and low-hydraulic gradient etc. There is necessity for management to development and use of groundwater in the high-salinity area, special management area.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.109-146
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• 2009

It is academically recognized that Jeong Wan-Young's sijo better represent Oriental ideas. The purpose of this study is to investigate Taoistic characteristics of Jeong Wan-Young's sijo. This is an effort to succeed and further deepen and extend previous relevant researches. For the purpose, this researcher categorized the poet's sijo in accordance with such characteristics as above mentioned. Findings of the study can be summarized as below. Pieces of Jeong Wan-Young's sijo which are based on Taoistic ideas are largely classified into three groups. First, some pieces of Jeong Wan-Young's sijo represents an orientation of return to hometown which is brought by the sense of loss. His sense of loss is attributed to the facts that his home is not what it was any longer and that he can't return to the old home. To overcome the sense, nevertheless, the poet is dreaming of return to home. The home found in Jeong Wan Young's sijo is something fundamental and original that he purposedly provided against the feeling of loss. It complies with the concept of 'Bokgwigigen(復歸基根)‘ a pursuit of Taoism. Second, other pieces of Jeong Wan-Young's sijo are seeking purity to retrieve childish innocence. Their subjects include the season of spring, dreams of childhood and longing for mother all of which represent the poet's strong desire for such retrieval as above mentioned. It may be said that pursued by that pieces are 'Purity, Feebleness and Smoothness' that are sought by Taoism. Third, other pieces of Jeong Wan-Young's sijo are considering human as a part of nature and seeking human life in harmony with nature. In other words, they are seeking union between human and nature which means going beyond discrimination between self and external objects, that is, 'Mulayangmang(物我兩忘)'. This may refer to return to nature which is the ultimate destination of Taoism.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.714-720
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• 2011

Sweet Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is rich in minerals, vitamins, and dietary fibers and has less fat. It is thus effective for dieting and for preventing constipation. Sweet Pumpkin contains vitamin A, particularly beta-carotene, which is turned into retinol in the body and helps protect the vision. It is currently on the spotlight as a vision care, anticancer, and diet food, among others, but because it is hard to find yogurt made of Sweet Pumpkin, in this study, Sweet Pumpkin powder was added to yogurt for promotion as a new health food. Yogurt was made with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% Sweet Pumpkin powder, and the color properties (brightness, redness, and yellowness), viscosity, pH, and acidity were measured through a sensory test (color, flavor, taste, overall acceptability). The storage stability at five-day intervals for one day, five days, ten days, 15 days, etc. was also experimented on. For the color properties, the greater the amount of Sweet Pumpkin powder added, the greater the decrease in the lightness (L) value, but the redness (a) and yellowness (b) values increased (p<0.001). For the viscosity, it was decreased for five days and then increased by 47-68% for ten days. This showed a significant difference in storage stability period: one day (p<0.001), five days (p<0.01), and ten days (p<0.01) (except 15 days). Further, there was a significant difference in pH and acidity [pH: for one day (p<0.001), five days (p<0.01), and ten days (p<0.01); acidity: one day (p<0.001), ten days (p<0.05), 15 days (p<0.001)]. No significant difference in pH was shown, however, for 15 days, and in acidity for five days. The results of the sensory test are highly estimated in the order of 1%>2%.3%>0%>0.5%. The study results indicate that the addition of 1% Sweet Pumpkin powder is most suitable for manufacturing Sweet Pumpkin yogurt.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.729-738
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of extruded pellets (EP) containing different levels of protein (51%-55%) and lipid (9%-15%) on flesh quality of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet (MP). Two replicate groups of 40 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 106 g) were fed one of three experimental EP (EP1, EP2 and EP3) containing different protein and lipid levels, a commercial EP (EP4) and MP for 16 weeks. Moisture content of fish fed MP was significantly higher than that of fish fed all EP. Significantly higher contents of 16:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and lower 18:2n-6 were observed in fish fed EP4 and MP compared with fish fed EP1, EP2, EP3. The 22:6n-3 content was not significantly different among all groups. Taurine content of fish fed MP was significantly higher than that of fish fed all EP. Asparagine content of fish fed EP1 was significantly higher than that of fish fed EP2, EP, EP4 and MP. Significant difference were observed in lysine and serine contents of fish fed experimental diets. In nucleotides and their related compounds, ATP and AMP content was not affected by diets. Significant difference were observed in IMP contents of fish fed experimental diets. Textural properties, no significant difference was observed among the fish groups fed different diets.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

In this study a research was conducted with 108 adolescents sent to three reformatories in D city to investigate their recognition of oral health so that they could assess their knowledge of oral health and improve oral health through correct oral health education. For this purpose, after the primary survey from June 13 to 28, 2006, oral health education was implemented through audio-vidual teaching aids and tooth-brushing training using one toothbrush per person, followed by the secondary survey using the same questionnaire. The research obtained the following results. 1. As for recognition of the concept of dental caries, the answer that it was a disease developing on teeth increased from 75.0% before oral health education to 82.4% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 2. As for recognition of a preventive agent for dental caries, the answer that it was fluorine increased from 34.3% before oral health education to 75.0% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 3. As for recognition of a good tooth-brushing method, the answer that it was a rotating method increased from 21.3% before oral health education to 95.4% after the education. 4. As for recognition of the amount of time for tooth-brushing, the answer that it was three minutes increased from 58.3% before oral health education to 88.9% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 5. As for recognition of effects of smoking on oral health, the answer that it was bad increased from 65.7% before oral health education to 93.5% after the education. 6. As for recognition after oral health education for improving oral health, "completely agree" (78.7%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "teeth are important for health"; "completely agree" (76.9%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "correct tooth-brushing serves to prevent an oral disease"; "completely agree" (37.0%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "scaling is necessary to prevent a gingival disease"; "completely agree" (77.8%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "non-smoking is good for dental health"; "completely agree" (62.0%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "a seasonal medical check-up should be taken by all means".

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of oral health promotion program in a group of 9~18-year-old children and adolescents living in four orphanages in Dong-gu, Daejeon. The program was based on oral disease prevention program including oral health education, fluoride application and scaling every six months. Oral health status of total 109 orphans was examined by one dentists who were trained in 2010 Korean National Oral Health Survey. Dental caries index, community periodontal index and modified patient hygiene performance index (M-PHP) were checked using dental unit chair. Child oral health impact profile (COHIP) and subjective oral health recognition survey were carried out. Compared with data of 2010 national sample, the mean of decayed, missing and filled teeth showed no difference between the subjects and test values, but the means of decayed teeth, decayed surface, toothbrushing frequency of the subjects showed to become worse with advancing years in spite of oral health promotion program. COHIP, subjective oral health status showed lower than test values, too. In M-PHP and Calculus index, the subjects showed better by periodic oral health education and scaling. We suggest that oral health promotion program for orphans include oral disease treatment program as well as preventive program to improve oral health of orphans efficiently. And, oral health promotion program has to be connected with psychological support for improving quality of life of orphans.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.497-505
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• 2012

The nutritional, physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics of chilled loins of Jeju Black Cattle, Hanwoo and imported Australian beef were compared. For nutritional properties, moisture and crude protein contents of Jeju Black Cattle beef were 65.91% and 17.39% respectively, the lowest among the comparison groups. On the other hand, their crude fat and crude ash contents were 15.89% and 0.79%, respectively, the highest among the comparison groups. There was a significant difference in crude ash content, but there was no significant difference in the other properties. The Fe and Zn contents of Jeju Black Cattle beef were 29.85 and 48.13 ppm, respectively, lower than those of Hanwoo beef, although the difference was not significant. These values were higher than those of Australian beef (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the samples in contents of Ca, P, Na and Cu. The total amino acid and essential amino acid contents of Jeju Black Cattle beef were 16.81% and 9.08%, respectively, the lowest among the samples, although the difference was not significant. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids of Jeju Black Cattle beef was 54.01%, the highest among the samples. The saturated fatty acid (43.25%), stearic acid (13.51%), linoleic acid (2.39%) and essential fatty acid (2.47%) contents of Jeju Black Cattle beef were the lowest. However, their unsaturated fatty acid (56.69%), oleic acid (47.80%) and MUFA/SFA ratios were the highest, and there were significant differences compared with Australian beef. There was no significant difference in the PUFA/SFA ratio. Among physicochemical properties, redness ($a^*$) of Jeju Black Cattle beef was the highest while melting point was the lowest (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in lightness ($L^*$), yellowness ($b^*$), pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss or shear force value. For sensory properties, raw meat aroma, cooked meat aroma and palatability of Jeju Black Cattle beef were superior compared to other comparison groups, with significant differences in comparison with Australian beef (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in taste, juiciness, or tenderness of cooked meat.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2020

There are few landscape ecological analyses of Khingan fir (Abies nephrolepis) and other habitats of the sub-alpine zone in South Korea. In this study, we tried to quantitatively interpret and assess the habitat characteristics by analyzing 15 landscape indices according to the differences in tree layer coverage, in the Khingan fir habitat growing naturally in the sub-alpine zone of Seoraksan National Park. It was difficult to identify the tendency of landscape ecology to increase and decrease the tree layer coverage in the study site, which was the entire Khingan fir habitat in Seoraksan National Park. However, the Khingan fir habitat was found to be generally low in coverage, and population density as the tree layer coverage of less than 50 percent accounts for 85 percent of the total habitat. Moreover, the Khingan fir habitat in the 10 to 50 percent range was fragmented into a total of 286 patches, making it relatively less connected to the habitat. The total edge length and edge density, which could determine the edge effect of the main part according to the physical form, were the highest in the habitat of 26 to 50 percent coverage, indicating a relatively high impact from outside than habitats of other coverages. The shape with the tree layer coverage of between 10 and 50 percent was more complex even with patches of the same size, and it is believed that these characteristics make it more susceptible to habitat fragmentation and external confounding. We expect that the results of this study can be useful for time series analysis of spatial expansion or reduction of the Khingan fir habitat in Seoraksan National Park and provide the reference data for the morphological change and movement of patches and the connectivity and break-off between forests.