• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

Purpose: Vitamin $B_{12}$ and folic acid are type of water-soluble vitamin and those work as a secondary vital enzyme, but especially those are involved in the nuclear DNA synthesis. Those are mainly measured in order to diagnose megaloblastic anemia and to assess the storage of folic acid during pregnancy. It is generally known that the hemolyzed serum is useless for folic acid and vitamin $B_{12}$, but it is not easy to abide by this information because our lab (Samkwang Medical Laboratories) is reference laboratory. We tested how much the extent of hemolyzed serum had influence on the results. Materials and Method: We performed the tests of vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid. For the hemolysis effect study, we used 40 cases. According to the level of A, B and C groups, each group had 10 samples which were mechanically hemolyzed serum. Results: Hemolysis did not affect the vitamin $B_{12}$ results. However in case of folic acid, the value increased according to the degree of hemolysis. And severe hemolyzed cases had the highest value (greater than 20 ng/ml). Conclusions: Preventing the hemolysis, it has to be informed that blood-collecting, separation and storage are performed more carefully. As you see from the above results, hemolyzed serum is not proper for folic acid test, and hemolysis does not affect the results of vitamin $B_{12}$. However, for the more accurate results, it is necessary to avoid hemolysis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.17-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish shipping companies' selection factors related to a classification society and to explore the relative importance of each factor using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) technique. Insufficient research exists on the hierarchial structure of shipping companies' factors of selecting a classification society. The factors are identified and classified into two tiers of major and detailed factors, by referring to the related industrial linkages, prior research related to the determinants, and the process and service delivery of the classification society's activities. The empirical analysis of this study is based on the relative importance of determinants when selecting a classification society, and experts engaged with shipping companies were surveyed using questionnaires. The results of the AHP methodology on the main factors of shipping companies in selecting a classification society are as follows. The relative importance of the main factors was 0.373 for technical and survey services, 0.284 for recognized organizations(RO) functions, 0.177 for cost and 0.167 for market(related industry) expectations. The relative importance of the detailed factors is 0.144 for the ability to respond to a port state control(PSC) inspection, 0.143 for technical services, 0.090 for the requirements of financial institutions/ shippers/shipyards, 0.087 for class maintenance costs, 0.086 for the survey network, 0.085 for surveyor competency, 0.072 for cooperation with IMO and government authorities, 0.067 for recognition for RO, 0.058 for the business power of the classification society, 0.052 for the initial inspection costs, 0.040 for reputation and trustworthiness, 0.038 for the costs related to the class, and 0.037 for connections to related industries.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.766-775
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• 1997

Background : Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are extremely rare entities and account for a mere 0.1 per cent of all malignancies of the respiratory tract. Because of vague localizing signs, symptoms and a usually negative routine chest film, the patients with tracheal tumors are often treated for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for considerable period of time before correct diagnosis. Method : We have made a review of the 17 cases of primary tracheal tumors in recent 15 years. We reviewed the clinical features including history of smoking and respiratory symptoms, the official readings of initial routine chest film, the cytologic examination of sputum, the time of delay in diagnosis, and the response according to the therapeutic modalities. Results : Eight out of 9 patients with squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) were above 50 years old, five out of 6 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) were below 50 years old. The most common location of primary tracheal tumors was the upper one-third of trachea in 8 cases(47%). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea in 13/17 cases(76%) and then stridor or wheezing, cough. and sputum in order. The routine chest roentgenographic examinations were not helpful to diagnose tracheal carcinoma and the cytologic examinations of sputums were helpful to diagnose tracheal carcinoma in only one case with adenocarcinoma. The mean times of delay in diagnosis of patients with sec and ACC were 5 months and 24.9 months respectively. We had bronchial asthma in 8 cases(47%) and tracheal tumors in 4 cases(23%) as initial clinical impression. Conclusion : We would like to perform more comprehensive diagnostic tools(high KVP technique, the fibroptic bronchoscopic examination, chest CT scan etc.) in patients who had the suggestive points for the tracheal tumorse(1. unexplained hemoptysis or hoarsness, 2. inspiratory wheezing or stridor, 3. wax and waning of dyspnea according to changes of position, 4. progressive asthmatics unresponsive to antiasthmatic therapy) and radical resection of tumor or external radiation therapy with curative aim as possible.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions to improvement directions of related regulations for water leisure activation. In order to accomplish such study purpose, the study utilized a survey methodology with 205 water leisure participants and 117 water leisure business employees. In addition, this study attempted to review the license and education system, registration and inspection system and business organizations from the advanced countries such as US, British, Australia and Japan. Accordingly, following findings were derived from current study. First, the problems of current license system included difficulty of operating the system and deficiency of operating organizations, and the improvement directions included expansion of education organizations and differentiation of education based on levels. Second, the improvement directions of registration and inspection included simplification of registration procedures and expansion of registration and inspection organizations. Third, difficulties perceived by business employees included complexity of entry and departure, complexity of registrating water leisure business and insufficiency of supporting business policies. In conclusion, water leisure related regulations including Water Leisure Safety Act need to be reformed continuously to reflect changing demands and needs from participants and business sectors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1739-1743
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• 2009

현재 국내에는 하천시설물의 인증과 관련한 제도와 법령이 마련되어 있지 않다. 하천시설물과 관련된 인증 제도는 효율적인 하천시설물의 유지관리를 가능하게 하고, 치수 안전성 증대에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구는 미국의 제방 인증(levee accreditation) 제도를 분석하여 국내에 적용하는 방안에 관한 것이다. 미국의 연방 재난 관리국(Federal Emergency Management Agency; FEMA)은 국가 홍수 보험 프로그램(National Flood Insurance Program; NFIP)을 관리하고 있는데, 그의 일환으로 제방 인증 제도를 시행하고 있다. 제방의 인증은 제내지를 보호하는 제방 시스템이 100년 빈도의 홍수에 대한 방어 능력이 있는지를 기술적으로 검토하는 것이다. 여기서 제방 시스템이란, 제방, 홍수벽, 수문 장치, 펌프시설, 암거, 내수 배제 시설 등 홍수로부터 제내지를 보호하기 위한 모든 시설을 포함한다. 미국은 제방 인증을 위한 제도로서 연방 규정 조례(code of federal regulation; CFR)를 두어 제방 시스템의 설계, 운영, 유지관리의 기준을 마련하였다. 제방 인증을 신청하는 기관은 연방 규정 조례에서 정의된 제방 시스템의 운영 및 유지관리에 관한 문서를 갖추어야하고, 공학적인 설계 기준에 대하여 면밀히 검토되어야 한다. 운영 및 유지관리에 관한 사항은 수문과 내수배제 시스템을 포함한 제방 시스템의 홍수 시 운영 지침과 운영실적, 유지보수 지침과 점검 보고서 등이다. 공학적인 설계 기준에 대한 검토사항은 제방의 여유고, 수문, 호안, 제방과 기초의 안정성, 침하, 내수배제에 관한 분석 결과이다. 이러한 제방의 인증에 필요한 기술적인 검토 자료와 관련 문서는 등록된 전문 기술자나 제방의 설계와 시공능력을 갖춘 연방 기관을 통해 보증(certification) 되어야 한다. 현재, 미국에서 제방의 보증을 결정하는 대표적인 기관은 미 공병단(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; USACE)이다. 제방 보증의 유효기간은 최대 10년이지만 검사와 평가가 지속되고, 유효 기간 만료 전이라도 언제든지 재검토될 수도 있다. 또한, 제방 시스템 전체에 대하여 보증 여부를 결정하고, 개별 시설에 대한 보증이나 조건부 보증은 수행하지 않는다. 국내에 제방 인증 제도를 도입하기 위해서는 제방 인증에 관한 절차, 수행 기관, 수행 방법 등에 대한 규정과 제도가 마련되어야 하고, 현재 국내에서 수행되고 있는 하천시설물의 안전도 검사 방법을 포함한 평가 지표와 평가 기술에 대한 인증 표준화가 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2012

Ultrasonic testing are far superior to other nondestructive tests for detecting the disbond interface which occurred in adhesive interface. However, a solid rocket motor consisting of a steel case, rubber insulation, liner, and propellant poses many difficulties for analyzing ultrasonic waves because of the superposition of reflected waves and large differences in acoustic impedance of various materials. Therefore, ultrasonic tests for detecting the disbond interface in solid rocket motor have been applied in very limited areas between the steel case and rubber insulation using an automatic C-scan system. The existing ultrasonic test cannot detect the disbond interface between the liner and propellant of a solid rocket motor because most of the ultrasonic waves are absorbed in the rubber material which has low acoustic impedance. This problem could be overcome by analyzing the resonance frequency from the frequency spectrum using the ultrasonic resonance method. In this paper, a new technique to detect the disbond interface between the liner and propellant using ultrasonic resonance characteristics is discussed in detail.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2003

The virtual bronchoscopy was implemented using chest CT images to visualize inside of tracheo-bronchial wall. The optical endoscopy procedures are invasive, uncomfortable for patients and sedation or anesthesia may be required. Also, they have serious side effects such as perforation, infection and hemorrhage. In order to determine the navigation path, we segmented the tracheo-bronchial wall from the chest CT image. We used the coordinates as a navigation path for virtual camera that were calculated from medial axis transformation. We used the perspective projection and marching cube algorithm to render the surface from volumetric CT image data. The tracheobronchial disease was classified into tracheobronchial stenosis causing from inflammation or lung cancer, bronchiectasis and bronchial cancer. The virtual bronchoscopy is highly recommended as a diagnosis tool with which the specific place of tracheobronchial disease can be identified and the degree of tracheobronchial disease can be measured qualitatively, Also, the virtual bronchoscopy can be used as an education and training tool for endoscopist and radiologist.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the diagnostic significance of simultaneous examination of hematuria and proteinuria in the urinary mass screening for early detection ot incipient renal diseases. Method and Object : During the period of 4 months from August to December in 1997, we did urinary mass screening on students of first grade of high school (16 years aged group) nationwide together with Korean Association of Health(KAH). In the first screening test, Comber-10 $N^{(R)}$ M dipsticks were used to detect proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and nitrite simultaneously. Total 26,508 students (16 years aged group) from 33 high schools in every province in Korea, respectively, complied to the urinary mass screening. After then, one high school in Seoul was selected to reveal the true incidence of incipient renal diseases among students who showed hematuria in the initial screening through intensive examinations. Those who had hematuria and/or proteinuria visited the Paik hospital, and underwent blood tests and ultrasonographic examinations. The results were evaluated. Results 1) The initial screening revealed that the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and positive nitrite urine, were $0.73\%,\;2.69\%,\;0.23\%\;and\;0.03\%$, respectively. 2) The first urinary screening among 875 students from one high school in Seoul selected fir the second test showed proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and positive nitrite urine, were $0.91\%,\;4.68\%,\;0.34\%\;and\;0\%$, respectively. a) Total 8 among 875 students showed proteinuria, but one of them had orthostatic proteinuria and those remaining 7 students had transient proteinuria. b) There were 41 students who had hematuria in the initial screening. Among 33 who complied the second test, only one student showed asymptomatic isolated hematuria and those remaining students were normal. Conclusion : 1) Because of high false positive hematuria rate in the urinary mass screening, it dosen't seem to be appropriate that hematuria screening using dipsticks be included in the urinary mass screening. 2) A unified organization is needed from the fret that so various results of urinary mass screening came out. 3) Positive rates of pyuria and nitrite were so low that validity of urinary mass screening for urinary tract infection needs more studies.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2011

Sitting position upper extremity X-ray examinations (SUEX) is the most widely used patient positioning method for upper extremity X-ray examinations. For this method, the radiation dose is considerable for relatively less interesting organs. We investigated whether patients need to wear the apron during the examination or not. We also studied the examination methods which can reduce the radiation dose. The results showed that radiation dose was reduced as the distance of source to patient becomes longer and the thickness of object grows higher.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.6.4-7
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• 1978

The author has experienced 50 cases of vocal nodules and polyps in our department for 3 years from May 1974 to April 1977. These nodules were removed out with laryngeal forcep under indirect laryngoscopy and maximum phonation time and timbre of the voice were analyzed before and after operation. Very shortened phonation time of the patient with vocal nodule has returned to normal range (Male : 30 seconds, Female: 20 seconds) and the voice timbre has recovered to almost normal voice postoperatively. The author has made a brief literature review.