• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 1978

Press drying was used on italian poplar (Populus euamericana) to find the profitable means of drying. This study was designed to investigate the process of platen drying considering core temperature, drying time, current moisture content, drying rate, shrinkage and recovery, and green volume specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content and dimensional stability of press dried material and air dried material, The drying tests were conducted using 1.5 centimeter thick material at platen temperature of $175^{\circ}C$. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Core temperature was divided into three stages of drying characterized by period initial heating, plateau temperature and rising core temperature. Plateau temperature was 114 to $119^{\circ}C$. 2. The following predicting equations of drying time(y) in different core temperatures were developed for initial thickness($x_1$), initial moisture content ($x_2$) and final moisture content ($x_3$) 3. The predicting equaltion of current moisture content(u) was log u=4.658-0.060t as funtion of drying time(t) and that of drying rate(r) was log r=-2.797-0.049t. Current moisture content and drying rate of air drying were shown in figure 2. 4. The predicting equation of shrinkage in thickness direction(y) was log y=1.933+0.038t as function of drying time(t), and that of expansion in width direction was $y=-0.692+0.043t-0.001t^2$. 5. Thickness shrinkage was increased more than proportional at to pressure increase. Width shrinkage and thickness recovery was greatest at 35psi. 6. Green volume specific gravity of press dried material was 25% greater than that of air dried material. But equilibrium moisture content of press dried material was less 24% than that of air dried material. Antishrinkage efficiency of press dried material were obtained 27.7%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
• /
• 2015.11a
• /
• pp.254-255
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 2005년 양양산불에 의한 낙산사화재. 2008년 국보1호 숭례문 방화사건 등 건조물 문화재의 재난 및 안전관리에 관한 실태조사를 실시하였다. 조사 대상은 건조물문화재 중에서도 국가지정 중요 목조문화재를 158개소를 대상으로 실시하였고, 조사내용은 건조문화재의 지정구분, 인적 및 안전관리적 요소, 주변환경적 요소, 시설적요소로 나누어 실시하였다. 이를 토대로 건조물문화재의 재난관리 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.571-575
• /
• 2019

Fungal occurrence during production of dried red pepper was investigated using red pepper samples collected at harvest, before and after washing, and before, during or after drying. Fungal incidence was evaluated by counting the number of fungal colonies grown after incubating random pepper cuts on potato dextrose agar plates. Washing with ground water had no significant effect on reduction of fungal contamination. Fungal increase was observed in some samples, and the insides of washer and containers were contaminated with fungi. Drying caused significant fungal increase regardless of drying method although the fungal incidence after machine drying was lower than that after greenhouse drying. Fungal increase was observed in the samples being dried in a greenhouse and some mycotoxigenic species were also detected. Therefore, the most important control point for fungal contamination during dried pepper production appears to be the drying process, especially in a greenhouse.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

Red pine (Pinus densiflora), white pine (Pinus koraiensis), larch (Larix leptolepis) and Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) lumber were vacuum-press dried under three drying schedules to investigate current moisture contents (MC), drying rates and drying time factors related to five lumber thicknesses of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11cm. Current MC could be estimated by drying factors such as lumber thickness, initial Me and drying time. Average drying rate from 30% to 15% Me was the highest for Western hemlock below fiber satuartion point, red pine, white pine and larch in the order of their magnitude. Drying rate curvilinearly decreased as lumber thickness increased. Drying time factor curvilinearly increased as lumber thickness increased.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Vapor-dam treatment on drying drying rates, prevention of checks and V-shaped split during air circulating oven drying bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel et Z) tube. It was shown that the drying time from green to around 7~8 % of moisture content was required less as drying schedule was more severe, and distinctly dominated by the drying rate during the initial drying stage. Area shrinkages in cross section and thickness shrinkages measured during air circulating oven drying test were very large. Surface checks and V-shaped splits were occurred in untreated samples just after the beginning of drying, while sixty seven percentages of all the Vapor-dam treated samples could be produced without drying defects. The V-shaped splits occurred in the Vapor-dam treated samples were influenced more by the sealing of the vapor evaporation through the cross section than drying schedule.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.317-321
• /
• 1972

Octopus Octopus vulgaris was dried with open air at $17{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ for 90 hours. Nucleotides and related substances were collected by extraction with cold perchloric acid, and their amounts were determined by ion exchange column chromatography. The contents of inosine, hypoxanthine and ADP in raw sample were 9.4, 5.1 and 4.1 ${\mu}mole/g{\cdot}dry\;wt.$ respectively. ATP and AMP were very low in content. But IMP was not detected in Octopus muscle. ATP, ADP and inosine tended to degrade rapidly during sun drying while AMP and hypoxanthine were increased. Especially, hypoxanthine were increased about three times during sun drying and also it was increased about two times during three months storage after sun drying.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 1998

An innovative wafer drying system was developed using Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and nitrogen carrier gas in order to replace the commercial conventional drying system which was a non-environmentally friendly system. This system was designed as following ; the IPA evaporation chamber and the process chamber were separated to increase drying efficiency, and the carrier gas with the IPA vapor was delivered into the process chamber. It was investigated that the IPA concentration was the most important factor to operate the system. The optimum concentration was found to be 2.4 ml IPA/N2 1. In addition, the optimum flow rate of the nitrogen gas were maintained more than 60 l/min.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.161.1-161
• /
• 2003

본 시험은 곶감건조초기의 높은 습도로 인한 불량환경을 극복하고 고품질의 우수한 곶감을 생산하기 위하여 현재 국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 상주둥시와 갑주백목 품종을 사용하여 수행하였고, 저장을 통하여 곶감의 건조시기를 달리한 다음 곶감을 제조하여 상품성을 비교하였다. 저장에 따른 품종별 과중변화는 저장 30일에 품종별로 0.32~0.38%의 무게감소를 나타내었다. 과실의 경도는 저장 30일에 두품종 공히 2.3kg/$\Phi$5mm로 나타나 저장기간이 증가할수록 감소하였지만 이러한 경도의 감소는 곶감을 제조하기 위한 박피작업에는 무리가 없었다. 저장중에 발생한 비상품과는 저장 30일에 품종별로 3.2~4.2% 발생되었고 과실의 당도는 수확시와 비교하여 약간 감소하는 경향이었으며, 과실표면의 색도 역시 적색도는 약간 증가하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 곶감 건조중 무게변화는 박피 2주경에 대부분 박피시 중량보다 30~40%감소되었고 그 후는 완만하게 감소되어 처리 6주후에는 박피중량의 30% 이내로 되었다. 품종별로는 대과종인 갑주백목의 중량감소가 다소 늦었다. 박피시기가 늦을수록 감의 건조속도도 완만하여 30일 저장한 처리구는 박피후 8~9주에 건조가 완료되었다. 곶감 제조중 품종별 경도의 변화는 건조 1주후에 품종별로 0.38~0.42kg/$\Phi$5mm로 급격히 감소하였다가 건조 후기로 갈수록 다시 증가하여 건조 6주후에는 1.52~1.85kg/$\Phi$5mm나타났다. 곶감 제조후 상품성에 있어서 곶감의 당 함량은 수확직후 제조한 곶감이 저장한 후 제조한 곶감과 비교하여 약간 높은 경향이었으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 가용성 탄닌의 함량은 곶감 제조후 품종별로 0.7~0.9mg/g으로 나타나 떫은맛이 완전히 제거되었고 저장기간별로는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 곶감의 외관상 상품성을 나타낼 수 있는 색도는 박피시기가 늦어질수록 두 품종 공히 증가되었다. 특히 갑주백목 품종의 경우 수화직후 8.4인 적색도가 저장 30일후 13.2로 증가되었고 황색도도 13.5에서 33.1로 증가되어 곶감표면의 색도가 박피시기를 연장함으로써 크게 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 1998

We investigated a DMA, TMA, TMAO, a toxic substance to human body can be generated during drying, in a Pacific saury, Cololabis saira. Changes of amine during drying showed a rapid increasing trend until a day of ninth according to an increasing of ambient temperature. And a content of DMA, TMA, TMAO during artificial drying is lowerd than during natural drying. A case of TMAO contents showed that it was decrease during TMA component is generated in drying process Also they can be generated in a drying process. Thus we concluded that an approvement in a general distribution of Kwamaege is needed for preventing a generation of a toxic component such as a DMA, TMA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1989

Attempts were made to fix acetaldehyde on base materials, which were selected from carbohydrates, by freeze drying. More acetaldehyde was fixed, in general, on combined base materials than single base materials, and mannitol+lactose were the best among the combined base materials tested. But the combination of mannitol and maltodextrin appeared to be more economical for the mass production. Loss of acetaldehyde during freeze drying was decreased as the concentration of the combined base material was increased, and it reached minimum at 40% of the base material. As dryer chamber pressure was reduced, loss of acetaldehyde during drying was decreased.