• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to make clear the present condition of the TVOC and HCHO concentration after renovation in apartment houses. The field measurements of TVOC and HCHO concentration according to the Korea Test Method Standard for Indoor Air Quality were carried out in 4 subject apartment houses. The results are as follows; the TVOC concentration after renovation in apartment houses ranged from mean 0.35ppm to mean 5.08ppm and increased of $0.35{\sim}5.08ppm$. The TVOC concentration of 3 subjects exceeded the Indoor Air Quality Management standard for the newly-built apartment houses (0.58ppm). The HCHO concentration after renovation ranged from mean 0.13ppm to mean 0.43ppm and increased of $0.06{\sim}0.26ppm$. The HCHO concentration of 2 subjects exceeded the Standard (0.17ppm). As results of analysis on the relation of concentrated ascension and renovation elements, the amount and the types of finishing materials and adhesives affected concentrated ascension. Also, production method for installed or purchased furniture had certain effect on the TVOC and HCHO concentration ascension.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) has adopted and implemented compulsory regulation for reducing greenhouse gas emission that cause global warming. However, with global warming underway, the IMO plans to enforce voluntary carbon dioxide emissions reduction based on the Ship Energy Efficient Management Plan and the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI) in the near future. Large container ships sail at low speeds in order to save fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, bulbous bows designed for high-speed ships decrease fuel efficiency by acting as resistance when reduced speeds are adopted by large container ships. In order to adopt low-speed operations and increase fuel savings, the bulbous bow of a large container ship was modified into the proper shape and size. Fuel consumption was compared for checking the result of EEOI before and after modifying the bulbous bow adopted on low speed operation of large high-speed ships. The results confirmed much larger carbon dioxide emissions reduction than expected. If EEOI would be implemented as compulsory regulation for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, bulbous bow modification can be considered as one of the fuel saving methods for the high-speed ships.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.97-105
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• 2001

In many cases of orthodontic treatment the upper anterior teeth are retracted. Periodontal problems may arise during incisor retraction, if the amount of tooth movement and the amount of remodeling in the anterior cortical bone are not the same. Therefore in this study, to find out the relationship between the amount of tooth movement and the amount of bone remodeling during retraction of the upper anterior teeth, lateral cephalograms of 56 female patients over 18-year-old were taken before and after treatment. Among the 56 patients, two groups were divided according to the type of root movement during retraction. 26 patients mainly moved by tipping and 30 by bodily movement. The cephalograms taken before and after treatment were superimposed upon the true horizontal plane. In the Tip-Group, the horizontal bone remodeling/tooth movement ratio was 1:1.63, and in the Torque-Group it was 1:1.66. Because the amount of tooth movement and the amount of bone remodeling were not the same in both groups, in the Tip-Group the root apex moved away from the palatal cortical plate and closer to the labial cortical plate, whereas in the Torque-Group the root moved away from the labial cortical plate and closet to the palatal cortical plate. Therefore, there are limitations in the amount of incisor retraction in patients with a very thin anterior cortical plate in the maxilla, and in patients with severe skeletal discrepancies orthognathic surgery should be considered and when orthodontic camouflage treatment is the only possible method, the orthodontist must be aware of the limitations of treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.421-430
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• 1997

Alveolar bone grows with development of tooth germs and roots; bone deposition occurs with tooth eruption. Bone components undergoes processes of resorption and deposition, and when the balance between them is disrupted, decrease in alveolar bone height or excessive bone deposition result. It has been hon that repositioning of teeth through orthodontic treatment can cause alveolar bone resorption which result in decreased alveolar bone height, and there have been many studies to evaluate such effects. X-ray films that could be replicated and standardized were chosen in clinical studies, and among them, bitewing films were used for objective evaluation of changes in alveolar bone level. Twenty subjects, 10 to 13-year- old (average 12.2) children with Cl I molar key, healthy oral condition, no congenital missing, no periodontal disease, and pre-and post-orthodontic bitewing films, were randomly selected for comparison of alveolar bone heights. Amounts of tooth and changes in alveolar bone heights were analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1. Amount of tooth movement in canine, premolar, and molar regions, changes in tooth axis, and changes in alveolar bone heights were measured, and the mean and median values were obtained. 2. When pre-and post-orthodontic alveolar bone levels were compared, larger changes were noticed in maxilla than mandible. 3. When mesio-distally compared, larger changes were observed in the distal sides of 3D3 and 4M3, mesial sides of 4M3 and 4D3, distal sides of 4D3 and 5M3, mesial sides of 5M3 and 5D3, md distal sides of 5D3 and 6M3. 4. When the amounts of tooth movements(TX, TY)and changes in tooth axis(A) were compared,34TX, 34TY, 34A of both sides in maxilla were greater, iud changes in alveolar bone level were greater than any other region.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

Rapid maxillary expansion is widely used for the correction of anteroposterior discrepancies, constriction of the maxillary arch, etc. This experiment was undertaken to examine the serial changes in the osteogenesis as well as the collagen fiber bundles in the intermaxillary suture during the rapid maxillary expansion treatment. Four young female dogs aged 6 to 8 months old and not showing menarche yet were used for the experiment. The maxillary impression of dogs were taken, expansion device cast and Hyrax screw soldered at the midline in the 1st premolar area. RME device was delivered to the dogs and the activation of 0.25 mm per quarter-turn was done 2 times per day for 10 days until 5 mm separation was made. Separation of the maxilla was confirmed by X-ray. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15, 30, 60 days from the finish of maxillary separation and preparations for light microscopy and surface electron microscopy were made. The sutures were cut into frontal serial sections for examination of the histological reactions. The following results were obtained and the conclusions made. 1. The edges of the two palatal plates bordering the midpalatal suture which at the beginning of the retention period were mainly composed of compact bone, underwent extensive resorption followed by new bone formation and gradually became spongy bone rich in bone marrow which in the 60 day retention animal became the compact bone with short intermaxillary suture space. During this transformation, newly formed trabecular bone tissues were added to the original margin. 2. Throughout the expansion period, the collagen fibers underwent successive changes such as stretching, loss of polarity, and finally fibrillogenesis. Towards the end of the expansion procedure, sharpey's fiber formation in newly formed bones were observed. 3. Bony spicules were found in the initial stage of retention on occlusal topographic X-rays, which later were confirmed to have ossified. 4. Judging from the histological changes occuring during the experimental expansion, excessive expansion will cause an excessive bleeding, and retard the remodeling of intermaxillary suture. According to the above results, the bone remodeling after rapid maxillary expansion was preceded by the migration of migratory cells into the intermaxillary suture area. The bone remodeling phenomena were on-going during the 2 months retention sample.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.435-444
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• 2009

Statement of problem: The clinical use of electric and electomagnetic fields for fracture healing applications began in the early 1970s. Since then, several technologies have been developed and shown to promote healing of fractures. Developments of these devices have been aided in recent years by basic research and several well controlled clinical trials not only in the medical field but in dentistry. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare alveolar bone reduction following immediate implantation using implants onto which magnets were attached in fresh extracted sockets. Material and methods: Four mongrel dogs were involved. Full buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and third and fourth premolars of the mandible were removed. Implants with magnets and implants without magnets were installed in the fresh extracted sockets and after 3 months of healing the animals were sacrificed. The mandibles were dissected and each implant sites were sampled and processed for histological examination. Results: The marginal gaps that were present between the implant and walls of the sockets at the implantation stage disappeared in both groups as a result of bone fill and resorption of the bone crest. The buccal bone crests were located apical of its lingual counterparts. At the 12 week interval the mean of marginal bone resorption in the control group was significantly higher than that of the magnet group. The majority of specimens in magnet group presented early bone formation and less resorption of the buccal marginal bone compared to the control group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it could be concluded that implants with magnets attached in the early stages of implantation may provide more favorable conditions for early bone formation and reduce resorption and remodeling of marginal bone.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2016

SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) has entered into force since 2013 for the reduction of GHG emission of operating ships. SEEMP guidelines include the hardware modification or installation of energy-saving device on ship. It also includes software based energy-saving technology such as optimum routing, speed optimization, etc. Hardware based technologies are not easy to apply to ongoing vessel due to the operational restriction. Therefore, IT based energy-saving technology was applied and its energy efficiency was evaluated using before and after energy-saving system applied voyage data. SEEMP advises a voluntary participation of EEOI (Ship Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator) use as an indicator of ship energy efficiency operation, and those results were also shown to evaluate the improvement efficiency of energy-saving system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of Simulation-based Chest Tube Drainage Management Nursing Education on the Nursing Students' Response to Scenario Experiences, Confidence in Learning, and Problem Solving Abilities. This study was performed with a one-group pretest-posttest design, and a total of 133 junior nursing students have participated in the research (31 teams of simulation-based education). According to the results of the study, most of the students have shown a positive response to the scenario experience after the simulation training, while their confidence in learning and problem-solving skills have improved significantly. This proves that simulation-based training using simulators can be very effective in practical nursing training. It is expected that this research could make a meaningful contribution to improving the overall quality of field-oriented practical training and clinical practice.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

In South Korea, mora than 90% of swine barns had open-style side wall by winch operation, and less than 5% of swine barns were semi-windowless or windowless style. The aisle ventilation system of the barn was changed to roof-wall ventilation system, and the width and the length of barns were 10~12 m and 30~50 m, respectively. The width of aisle satisfying energy save was 2~3 m. The re-modeled barns inhaled air through duct which was opened to aisle and exhaled through forced ventilation fans on the windowless wall which was accomplished by installing planks on the open wall. After remodelling, the culling ratio and energy cost were decreased from 11% (47 heads) to 3% (12 heads) and from 1,550,000 won to 730,000 won, respectively. Hence, re-modeled swine barns raising 400 heads could save 2,835,680 won during winter (from December to March).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-268
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• 2007

재일본규주황한의학적전통의학지전신취시중국전통의학적지식(在日本叫做皇漢醫學的傳統醫學之前身就是中國傳統醫學的知識). 16세기이래(16世記以來), 일본불단수도이개조중국의학적최신성과(日本不斷收到而改造中國醫學的最新成果), 동양원류우부동홍류적한방의학체계점점형성적과정전후(同樣源流又不同洪流的漢方醫學體系점점形成的過程前后), 출현료4개학문유파(出現了4個學問流派). 저취시(저就是)"후세파(后世派)"."고방파(古方派)"."절충파(折衷派)"."고증파(考證派)". 소우호세파(소于호世派), 논자이경재대한한의학원전학회지적제19권3호상보고료(논者已경在大한한의학原典학회紙的第19卷3호上보告了), 본논문시연속적연구성과(本논文是연속的硏究成果). 종이재본논문상(종而在本논文上), 이한국적이정환(以한국的李政桓), 백유상(白裕相), 정창현등적연구여중국양영적연구위기초(丁彰炫等的硏究與中國梁嶸的硏九爲基礎), 요개략지보고일본의학방면상적‘고방파’(要槪略地報告日本의학方面上的'古方派'). "고방파"지칭부정근세송명의학이지지지한대장중경적"상한잡병론"지일본의가("古方派"指稱否定近世宋明醫學而只支持漢代張仲景的"傷寒雜病論"之日本醫家). 일반"상한론"전파우일본적실정시대(一般"傷寒論"傳播于日本的室町時代), 명응년간(明應年間)(1492${\sim}$1500)판정운재명유학후(阪淨運在明留학후), 타회도일본적시후(他回到日本的시候), 종명수입(종明수入)"상한잡병론(傷寒雜病論)", 이후일본후세한의칭송료이관동지역적영전덕본(以후日本후世漢醫칭송了以關東地域的永田德本)(1513-1603)위(爲)"고방파적선구자(古方派的先구者)". 도강호시대재일본학술계출현료복고사조(到江戶時代在日本學術係出現了復古思潮). 이등인제(伊藤仁劑)(1627${\sim}$1705)앙망료유학적경전(仰望了儒學的經典), 이차적극지주장료의학적복고(而且積極地主張了醫學的復古), 이후적생조래(以후荻生組徠)(1666${\sim}$1728)대우복여성인적학문부단노력(對于復與聖人的學問不斷努力). 인차복고적학문재덕천시대성위일대학파(因此復古的學問在德川時代成爲一代學派), 18세기상반기시전성시기(18世紀上半期是全盛시期). 주요의가시명고옥현의(主要醫家是名古屋玄議)(1628${\sim}$1696), 후등양산(後藤양山)(1659${\sim}$1733), 산협동양(山脅東洋), 병하천민(병河天民)(1679${\sim}$1719), 송원유악(松原維嶽)(1689${\sim}$1765), 향천수암(香川修庵)(1683${\sim}$1755), 타문복고적유학영향도흔다의학방면(他문復古的儒學影향到흔多의학方面). 중요의가길익동동(重要醫家吉益東洞)(1702${\sim}$1773)도후대피평위고방적'태두'(到后代被평위古方的'泰斗'), 동시'마귀'(同시'魔鬼'). 인차본논문소우황한의학지중"후세파"여반대후세파적"고방파"(因此本論文소于皇漢醫學之中"后世派"與反대后世派的"古方派"), 통과학파명칭여역사지위(通過學派名稱與歷史地位), 주요의가적생애(主要醫家的生涯), 학술적요지(學術的要旨), 저서등(著書等), 이연구병보고타문적학문주장(以硏究병報告他們的學問主張). 이차진저차궤회(而且진저次机회), 상회고아문한의학연착여하역사적궤적(想回고我문韓醫學沿着如何歷史的軌跡).