• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2D
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• pp.199-207
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• 2009

We tried to show the course of UTIS vitalization, promoting to introduce as part of the advanced traveler information system through analysis using traffic information gap model of service and structural equation modeling being used by drivers. The summary of the research is as follows. 1. We could find out the service matters needed to improve and what should be prior that make drivers' use increase through establishing the gap model of service. 2. We could establish the structural equation modeling through using traffic information use satisfaction rate, entire traffic information satisfaction rate as the observation variables. You can say it is the fruit of this research that it was confirmed the entire satisfaction rate of traffic information influenced extension, convenience, accuracy, economical efficiency in order. We could also arrange the base to determine the order of services for vitalization of UTIS in the future through grasping the priority of each service functions classified by factors. 3. It is confirmed that many drivers want multimedia function, driving support function and various functions for the personal convenience in situations except driving, which enable the drivers to enjoy leisures and interests rather than economical functions during driving due to the recent social and economic changes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

In this paper, on-demand service streaming protocol for user-created contents in digital cable broadcasting environment is considered. In order to provide variety media contents service like UCC in digital cable broadcasting environment, the same service model as RVOD(Real Video on Demand) is required and the different interface for each broadcasting platform is needed in a current OCAP environment. Using return path based RTP, we separate existing VOD stream band into broadcasting and VOD stream band. In order to broaden On-demand service, consistent expansion of the infrastructure same as live broadcasting system is inefficient in the digital cable broadcasting environment. Using existing network protocol, the service which is insensitive to the infrastructure for VOD service becomes possible. Therefore we considered the analysis of the class of download available structure in the Set-Top-Box for RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) and designing the decoding available streaming server for UCC transcoding and transmission in the receiver. Designing a efficient VOD service and system under the broadcasting environment gives a expansion of On-Demand service and more chance to upload and utilization of contents.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-199
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• 2005

Family Restaurant is a service business of a kind. The role of service operator is to improve a sales of service goods through maximizing the service value with customer satisfaction at the moment of MOT(moment of truth). Family Restaurant come to the great growth on the face of it. In future, it will place emphasis more and more on not hardware but software including service quality. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to research the effect on service quality of the job satisfaction of Family Restaurant's service staff. Data was collected from the employee who are working at Family Restaurant located in Taegu. The empirical research has been done over 50days from 1April, 2004 to 20May, 2004. In conclusion of empirical analysis, 4 hypotheses were significant among 7 hypotheses suggested in this study. The research showed as follows : First, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on job satisfaction. Second, the personal trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Third, the official trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on job satisfaction. Fourth, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Fifth, the personal trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on service quality. Sixth, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on service quality. Seventh, the job satisfaction of Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Besides, the critical points of this study are as follows; First, we designated the subject of research to the employee of Family Restaurant only. Second, multi-situations(time, holiday) which can happen as service was offered, wasn't concerned. Third, as service quality was estimated by general service quality, the research in future should subdivide service quality more. I, finally, applied the pervious researches on job satisfaction and service quality in the employee of Family Restaurant. To extend more this research model in future, the variables like customer satisfaction should be added.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.366-376
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• 1994

Patients' evaluation of hospital care is one of the most important aspects of quality assessment. Survey allows patients to judge sujectively the events that occur during their hospital visit if performed properly. This study describes the result of a research effort to develop outpatient questionnaire that has sufficient validity and reliability to be used to measure patients' perception of satisfaction in Korea and to investigate influencing factors on patients' satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire was developed for outpatient and the survey was conducted covering 827 outpatients in a tertiary hospital. It was confirmed by factor analysis that patients evaluate several components of ambulatory care distinctly ; hospital environment, administration and ancillary services, and medical care. We found strong evidence of construct validity and internal consistency for the above three dimensions of hospital process. On the contrary, reliability of overall outcome measures was low. It suggests that three items concerning overall outcome measures have some different meanings in patients' perception. Using logistic regression analysis it was found that previous health status, cost evaluation, and improvement in health status have significant influences on the level of patients' overall satisfaction and that patient's sex, experience of previous visit, expectation for improvement, cost evaluation, and improvement in health status are strongly related with intention to recommend hospital. In spite of some limitations the results of this study can be used helpfully as baseline informations for developing self-administered questionnaire and for exploring the influencing factors on patients' satisfaction. Further comprehensive research efforts should be made on the measurement of ambulatory patients' satisfaction and its related factors in current Korean situation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2016

Water Footprint is utilized to analyze direct and indirect water consumption for sustainable water resource management. This study aims to understand potential applicability of water footprint concept by analyzing the status of water consumption and related water policies in Seoul. We analyzed a direct gray water footprint and the blue water footprint in Seoul affected by the social and economic characteristics of the consumers in the city. In particular, in order to analyze the blue water footprint represented by both surface and underground water for the provision and consumption of products, we calculated the actual water consumptions of surface and underground water for 25 districts in Seoul. Our analysis in consideration of population and households indicates that Jung-gu has the highest blue water footprint followed by Jongro-gu, Gangnam-gu, Yongsan-gu, and Seocho-gu. Gray water footprint was calculated by estimating the amount of water for purifying wastewater to meet the water quality standard (above BOD 3.5ppm) for each district. As a result, Jung-gu has the highest gray water footprint, followed by Jongro-gu, Gangnam-gu, Yongsan-gu, Seocho-gu, and Youngdeungpo-gu. Our study suggests the potential value of using water footprint concept to complement the current limitations of water use management focusing on water supply control. We expect that our analysis will provide an important basis for considering water use management which is economically and socially more resilient and sustainable.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the simulation-based professional cardiac resuscitation training on the performance of professional cardiac resuscitation performed by paramedics in the pre-hospital stage and to provide basic data for effective cardiac resuscitation. This study is an experimental study of the design before and after the control of non-equality. The subjects of this study were 16 newly recruited paramedics from K firefighting school. The simulation training program and evaluation papers used as the evaluation tool were reviewed and commented by 6 ACLS simulation experts (2 emergency medical doctor, 2 emergency medical professors, 2 KALS instructors)Respectively. The training consisted of 30 minutes of theory and 150 minutes of practical training. The lecturer first demonstrated for 5 minutes, and after training by individual debriefing after individual training, individual and team education was conducted The evaluation scale was given a 5 - point Likert scale. The SPSS 22.0 program for Windows was used. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed for frequency, the examination of homogeneity between the experimental group and the control group wasfulfilled by t test, and the difference test between the groups of the two groups was performed using the paired t-test. The homogeneity test was able to confirm the homogeneity between experimental group and control group. In the evaluation of six ACLS techniques, it was proven that the experimental group that received the simulation training had better performance in all aspects than the non - training control group. The following are the technical items to be performed. 1. Electrocardiogram 2. Specialized instrument 3. Treatment of fluid 4. Leadership and teamwork 5. Medical guidance 6. Evaluation during transfer. It was proved that paramedics who received simulation training were improved on their job performance ability than general lecture and training group. Therefore, if simulation training and education are applied to a student in the synthetic course or an emergency resident who is engaged in clinical practice, he / she will be able to perform his / her duties more proficiently. It is expected that emergency services provided to patients with cardiac arrest will be improved.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.181-209
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• 2012

Employment form and gender as stratification factors may generate health disparities in Korea. Previous studies have examined the existence of health disparities by employment form and gender. However, few studies examined how the health disparities can be reduced effectively. This study intends to confirm the existence of health disparities between employment-gender groups and explore the effective health resources which can reduce the possible disparities. Using a national probability sample of Korean adults collected in 2011, we attempts to test the interaction effects between employment-gender groups and health resources on self-rated health. For health resources, 24 variables of five dimensions(social relationship, psychological resource, activity factor, health behavior, and usage of medical service) are taken into account. In results, first, the health levels of the other three employment-gender groups are worse than that of male-regular workers. Second, the effective health resources which can reduce the health disparities are different across the employment-gender groups. An effective health resource for female-nonregular workers is a peaceful relationship with her children. Effective health resources for male-nonregular workers are peaceful relationships with his parents and siblings, low stress, religious activity, and exercise. An effective health resource for female-regular workers is interpersonal trust. These results imply that personal or social interventions for health of specific disadvantaged groups need to focus on specific resources which are more effective for the groups.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.227-252
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• 2018

The evolution of instant communication has mirrored the development of the Internet and messenger applications are among the most representative manifestations of instant communication technologies. In messenger applications, senders use emoticons to supplement the emotions conveyed in the text of their messages. The fact that communication via messenger applications is not face-to-face makes it difficult for senders to communicate their emotions to message recipients. Emoticons have long been used as symbols that indicate the moods of speakers. However, at present, emoticon-use is evolving into a means of conveying the psychological states of consumers who want to express individual characteristics and personality quirks while communicating their emotions to others. The fact that companies like KakaoTalk, Line, Apple, etc. have begun conducting emoticon business and sales of related content are expected to gradually increase testifies to the significance of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, despite the development of emoticons themselves and the growth of the emoticon market, no suitable emoticon recommendation system has yet been developed. Even KakaoTalk, a messenger application that commands more than 90% of domestic market share in South Korea, just grouped in to popularity, most recent, or brief category. This means consumers face the inconvenience of constantly scrolling around to locate the emoticons they want. The creation of an emoticon recommendation system would improve consumer convenience and satisfaction and increase the sales revenue of companies the sell emoticons. To recommend appropriate emoticons, it is necessary to quantify the emotions that the consumer sees and emotions. Such quantification will enable us to analyze the characteristics and emotions felt by consumers who used similar emoticons, which, in turn, will facilitate our emoticon recommendations for consumers. One way to quantify emoticons use is metadata-ization. Metadata-ization is a means of structuring or organizing unstructured and semi-structured data to extract meaning. By structuring unstructured emoticon data through metadata-ization, we can easily classify emoticons based on the emotions consumers want to express. To determine emoticons' precise emotions, we had to consider sub-detail expressions-not only the seven common emotional adjectives but also the metaphorical expressions that appear only in South Korean proved by previous studies related to emotion focusing on the emoticon's characteristics. We therefore collected the sub-detail expressions of emotion based on the "Shape", "Color" and "Adumbration". Moreover, to design a highly accurate recommendation system, we considered both emotion-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional indexes. We then identified 14 features of emoticon-technical indexes and selected 36 emotional adjectives. The 36 emotional adjectives consisted of contrasting adjectives, which we reduced to 18, and we measured the 18 emotional adjectives using 40 emoticon sets randomly selected from the top-ranked emoticons in the KakaoTalk shop. We surveyed 277 consumers in their mid-twenties who had experience purchasing emoticons; we recruited them online and asked them to evaluate five different emoticon sets. After data acquisition, we conducted a factor analysis of emoticon-emotional factors. We extracted four factors that we named "Comic", Softness", "Modernity" and "Transparency". We analyzed both the relationship between indexes and consumer attitude and the relationship between emoticon-technical indexes and emoticon-emotional factors. Through this process, we confirmed that the emoticon-technical indexes did not directly affect consumer attitudes but had a mediating effect on consumer attitudes through emoticon-emotional factors. The results of the analysis revealed the mechanism consumers use to evaluate emoticons; the results also showed that consumers' emoticon-technical indexes affected emoticon-emotional factors and that the emoticon-emotional factors affected consumer satisfaction. We therefore designed the emoticon recommendation system using only four emoticon-emotional factors; we created a recommendation method to calculate the Euclidean distance from each factors' emotion. In an attempt to increase the accuracy of the emoticon recommendation system, we compared the emotional patterns of selected emoticons with the recommended emoticons. The emotional patterns corresponded in principle. We verified the emoticon recommendation system by testing prediction accuracy; the predictions were 81.02% accurate in the first result, 76.64% accurate in the second, and 81.63% accurate in the third. This study developed a methodology that can be used in various fields academically and practically. We expect that the novel emoticon recommendation system we designed will increase emoticon sales for companies who conduct business in this domain and make consumer experiences more convenient. In addition, this study served as an important first step in the development of an intelligent emoticon recommendation system. The emotional factors proposed in this study could be collected in an emotional library that could serve as an emotion index for evaluation when new emoticons are released. Moreover, by combining the accumulated emotional library with company sales data, sales information, and consumer data, companies could develop hybrid recommendation systems that would bolster convenience for consumers and serve as intellectual assets that companies could strategically deploy.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-158
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• 1994

To provide better health care services to the rural population, the government has made the Community Health Practitioner(CHP) a regular government official from April 1, 1992. This study was carried out to study the impact of officialization of CHP on the activities and management system of Primary Health Post(PHP). Fifty PHPs were selected by two stage sampling, cluster and simple random, from 595 PHPs in Kyungnam and Kyungpook provinces. Data were collected by a personal interview with CHPs and review of records and reports kept in the PHPs. The study was done for the periods of January 1-March 31, 1992 (before officialization) and January 1-March 31, 1993 (after officialization). Ninety-six percent of the CHPs wanted to become a regular government official in the hope of better job security and higher salary. The proportion of CHPs who were proud of their iob was increased from 24% to 46% after officialization. Those CHPs who felt insecure for their job decreased from 30% to 10%. Monthly salary was increased by 34% from 802,600 Won to 1,076,000 Won and 90% of the CHPs were satisfied with their salary, also more CHPs responded that they have autonomy in their work planning, implementation of plan, management of the post, and evaluation of their activity. There were no appreciable changes in such CHPs' activities as assessment of local health resources, drawing map for the catchment area, utilization of community organization, grasping the current population structure in the catchment area, keeping the family health records, individual and group health education, and school health service. However, the number of home visits was increased from 13.6 times on the average per month per CHP to 27.5 times. More mothers and children were referred to other medical facilities for the immunization and family planning services. Average number of patients of hypertension, cancer, and diabetes in three months period was decreased from 12.7 to 11.6, from 1.5 to 1.2, and 4.3 to 3.4, respectively. Records for the patient care, drug management, and equipment were well kept but not for other records. The level of record keeping was not changed after officialization. The proportion of PHPs which had support from the health center was increased for drug supply from 14.0% to 30.0%, for consumable commodities from 22.0% to 52.0%, for maintenance of PHP from 54.0% to 68.0%, for supply of health education materials from 34.0% to 44.0%, and supply of equipment from 54.0% to 58.0%. Total monthly revenue of a PHP was increased by about 50,000 Won; increased by 22,000 Won in patient care and 34,700 Won in the government subsidy but decreased in the membership due and donation. However, there was no remarkable changes in the expenditure. The proportion of PHPs which had received official notes from the health center for the purpose of guidance and supervision of the CHPs was increased from 20% to 38% during three months period and the average number of telephone call for supervision from the health center per PHP was increased from 1.8 to 2.1 times(p<0.01). However, the proportion of PHPs that had supervisory visit and conference was reduced from 79% to 62%, and from 88% to 74%, respectively. The proportion of CHPs who maintained a cooperative relationship with Myun Health Workers was reduced from 42% to 36%, that with the director of health center from 46% to 24%, that with the chief of public health administration section from 56% to 36%, and that with the chairman of PHP management council from 62% to 38%. Most of the CHPs (92% before and 82% after officialization) stated that the PHP management council is not helpful for the PHP. CHPs who considered the PHP management council unnecessary increased from 4% to 16%(p<0.05). Suggestions made by the CHPs for the improvement of CHP program included emphasis on health education, assurance of autonomy for PHP management, increase of the kind of drugs that can be dispensed by CHPs, and appointment of an experienced CHP in the health center as the supervisor of CHPs. The results of this study revealed that the role and function of CHPs as reflected in their activities have not been changed after officialization. However, satisfaction in job security and salary was improved as well as the autonomy. Support of health center to the PHP was improved but more official notes were sent to the PHPs which required the CHPs more paper works. Number of telephone calls for supervision was increased but there was little administrative and technical guidance for the CHP activities.