• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.70-83
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• 2021

The issue of predicting the relationship between humans and AI robots is a 'strong AI' problem. Many experts predict the tragic ending which is a strong AI with superior thinking ability than humans will conquer humans. Due to the expectations of AI robots are projected onto media, the 'morally good AI' that meets human expectations is an important issue. However, the demand for good AI and the realization of perfect technology is not limited to machines. Rather, it appears as a result of putting all responsibility on humans, driving humans into immoral beings and turning them into human and human problems, which is resulting in more alienation and discrimination. As such, the result of technology interacts with the human being used and its properties are determined and developed according to the reaction. This again affects humans. Therefore, AI technology that considers human emotions in consideration of interaction is also important. Therefore, this study will clarify the process that the demand for 'Good AI' in the relationship of AI to humans with Randall Collins' Interaction Ritual Chain. Emotional energy in Interaction Ritual Chain has explained the formation of human bonds. Also, the methodology is a type of thinking experiment and explained through Janet and surrounding characters in the TV show .

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.482-497
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how college students overseas field trip group's social network exist, how the network change during the travel period, and how they are related to trip satisfaction, school involvement and peer relations. College students have an unprecedented school adaptation problem, which is questioning college education practices and measure should be taken. Since travel provides a strong bond with the group of participants, in a similar vein, students' overseas trips are also assumed to strengthen solidarity of students. For 31 trip participants, survey was administered to find out the existence of a distinctive network structure, its changes, and its impact on related variables. First, the network structure of the field trip existed explicitly, in which student representatives held their position in degree centrality. Second, network structure has changed before and after the trip, which is due to the social interaction between participants. Third, the effect on trip performance variables was marginal, even if some participants move to centrality. Forth, field trip satisfaction, school involvement, and peer relations were significant correlated. At the end of the paper, the implications and limitations of the study were included.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2012

Ligustrum lucidum (L. lucidum) contains large quantities of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. In this study, we evaluated anti-wrinkle effects of three parts of L. lucidum extracts. We found that L. lucidum extracts were not only innocuous to human skin fibroblasts but also significantly decreased the expression of both MMP-1 and MMP-2 and increased the expression of COL1A1. Among the three parts of L. lucidum extracts (i.e., fruit, cane, and leaf extracts), the fruit extract was found to contain the greatest amounts of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. These three parts of L. lucidum extracts increased the expression of COL1A1 and decreased the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the fruit extract of L. lucidum had the greatest upregulating effect on COL1A1 and the greatest downregulating effect on MMP-1 and MMP-2 in a non-toxic and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that L. lucidum, especially the fruit, could be used as active ingredients for functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1996

미국은 이제까지 서구 백인문화 중심적으로 간호학을 발전시켜왔다. 그러나 국제적인 세계화 흐름과 함께 이제까지 경시되어 왔던 소수 민족들에게 차츰 관심을 모으고 있다. 이러한 간호학의 추세와 함께 재미 한인들의 증가는 간호학 내의 한인들에 대한 문화적 지식의 확대를 필요로 하게 하였다. 이민이라는 과정을 통해서 이민자들은 새로운 가치관. 태도. 사회적 규범을 획득하게 되는데. 이러한 변화는 신체적. 정신적 건강에 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 또한 이러한 이민 적응과정에서 오는 어려움 들은 이민자 들이 건강관리를 효과적으로 하지 못하게 하는 주원인으로 보고되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 재미 한인들의 건강관리실천을 그들의 초기 이민 과정에서 겪게 되는 여러 경험에 초점을 맞추면서 면담조사와 사례 연구를 통하여 살펴보았다. 임의 표본 추출된 미국 캘리포니아주 오클랜드에 있는 한 한인 교회의 20명의 교민들을 대상으로 그들의 초기 이민경험과 건강관리 실천에 관한 면담 조사가 이루어졌으며 대상자 중 3인을 대상으로 하여 사례 연구가 이루어졌다. 연구 결과, 재미 한인들은 타이민자들에 비해 소규모 사업에 종사하는 경우가 많고 높은 취업 율에 비해 낮은 수인을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 한인들은 타이민자들에 비해 좀 더 보수적이며 그들의 문화와 관습을 가능한 한 고수하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한인들은 사회 참여와 대인 관계에 있어서 한인 사회에만 한정되게 활동하는 것으로 나타났다. 재미 한인들은 한인 사회 내에서 강력한 사회적 유대관계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족의 영향력이 타민족들에 비하여 강한 것으로 나타났다 언어 장벽이 가장 큰 문제로 보고되고 있으며 비록 성공적으로 미국 사회에 적응을 하더라도 계속적인 경제적인 생존 노력과 사회적으로 소외된 그들의 위치는 그들의 삶을 계속해서 어렵게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 초기 이민 적응과정에서 오는 어려움 들은 그들의 건강을 비효과적으로 관리하게 만드는 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 적절한 통역자를 사전에 선정, 이용함으로써 적절한 간호를 제공할 수 있도록 하여야겠다. 둘째. 한인을 대하는 간호 제공자들은 한인에 대한 문화적 지식을 겸비하고 그 지식에 근거를 둔 문화적으로 적절한 간호를 제공하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 간호 제공자들은 한인들의 치료법 혼용을 이해하고 동시에 여러 치료법을 사용하는 경우. 잘 살펴서 적절한 조치를 취해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 가족관계를 사정하고 적절히 가족 구성원을 간소 목적을 위하여 사용할 수 있어야 하겠다 마지막으로 이들 내의 위험 집단을 우선적으로 파악. 접근하여야 할 것이다. 위험 집단으로는 경제적 문제로 적절한 의료 이용을 할 수 없는 저소득층, 문화적으로 열등한 위치에 있는 여성층과 초기 이민 적응에 가장 문제를 일으킬 소지가 있는 노년층을 들 수 있겠다. 이 연구는 몇 가지 제한점을 가진다. 첫째. 연구 대상자 선정이 어려워서 자원자를 대상으로 연구가 행해졌다. 둘째. 적은 수의 연구 대상자를 대상으로 연구가 행해졌다. 셋째. 연구기간이 짧았던 까닭에 좀더 상세한 사례 연구가 이루어질 수 없었다 좀 더 신뢰할 수 있는 표본 추출 방법을 통하여 선정된, 많은 연구 대상자를 가지고, 심도 있는 연구가 추후 반복적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.181-205
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of growth of parental empowerment of the family of the children with development disabilities in an online parental community. For this purpose, 250 posts were selected from a web-forum of an online-community(internet CAFE) for patients with developmental disabilities in a Korean portal site. In addition, the selected posts were analyzed based on the grounded theory method. The results showed that the parents with high risk children for developmental disabilities interacted with each other in short answers, self-addressing, and discussion type interactions under the causal condition in which the subject parents were in need of help and sympathy. The factors that significantly affected the focus event, which is the interactive communication between the posters of the original threads and replies, included the moderating conditions based on whether the conversation was respectful, friendly, or for general evaluation, as well as the contextual condition of exclusive attitudes. The strategies of the interactions were composed of two categories of self-reflections and sharing through a human relationship. The results of these interactions were either further interactions (sharing) or shying away. With regard to the process of reinforcing the collective empowerment of the family, the 'determination,' 'tips,' and 'empathy' models were used for the explanation of the process. Lastly, we discovered that trust, support, continuous interactions, specific and practical information, as well as provision of diversified perspectives through collective experiences are necessary to achieve such improvement of collective family empowerment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.138-149
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to empirically address the influences of motives for using SNS on relational bridging and relational bonding in SNS and motives for continuous use SNS by applying the concepts of bonding and bridging, defined in the social capital theory, and major motives for using SNS are classified into three categories-social, information, and recreation categories - based on the previous studies and the usage and gratification theories. Through this study, it was revealed that motives of all these three categories-social, information, and recreation categories-have significant influences over relational bridging and relational bonding in SNS while relational bridging and relational bonding in SNS have significant influences over consistent motives for using SNS so the hypothesis of this study is accepted. It was also proven that motives of all these three categories - social, information, and recreation categories-for using SNS are important factors for creating new communities or expand relationships with other SNS users sharing similar interests. In addition, it was found that SNS users constantly use SNS to build relationships that could create a strong bond between individuals and receive emotional supports when necessary and to expand its own network by creating new relationships with other SNS users.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.spc
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• pp.177-209
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• 2004

This paper provides a theoretical and conceptual framework for understanding adolescent culture and educational achievement in Korea. In the first part of the paper, the authors outline a research paradigm in cultural psychology and adolescent culture. In the second section, the traditional family structure, the role of parents, and how they have been changed by modernization are outlined. In the third section, socialization practices and parent-child relationship are reviewed. In the fourth section, Western theories that have been developed to explain educational achievement and their limitations are examined. In the fifth section, factors that contribute to educational success of Korean students are presented. In the final section, the impact of centralized, standardized, and rigid educational system that is imposed on adolescents is discussed. The highly regulated and centralized bureaucracy restricts educational and career opportunities for adolescents and it is responsible for the high rate of violence, delinquency, and bullying in Korea. The need for encouraging civil society that allows for diversity of ideas and skills and at the same time maintaining strong relational bonds are discussed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.159-195
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• 2014

An animation film, , is a work that declared a perfect revival of Disney. It is considered that the success was the result of its impressive theme song and characters working influentially. The main characters let audience experience empathy as well as catharsis by building the image of women making their own future without relying on men, and among the characters, Elsa is still popular even if one year has passed since its premiere in Korea. In the narrative genre, the character's degree of completion is regarded to be so important that it can even determine the work's success or failure. Accordingly, to analyze the personality structure among the major components of character rising, this study focuses on the psychodynamics of fear and desire which determines the directions of thought or behavior. Fear is the emotion attributed not to a real threat but to an ominous assumption about the future. Because fear that is originated from the memory of any deficit or suppression distorts our sound needs, escaping from fear means facing the reality. To verify the unique psychodynamics of the characters, the researcher analyzed the hierarchy of their attitudes, psychological dispositions, and psychic functions by using 'MBTI Personality Typology'. According to the results, (1) Elsa and Anna are in a conflicting relationship in terms of psychic functions. Although they are the combination that shows the highest possibility of conflict, the two sisters overcome it basically grounded on fellowship and family love. (2) Although Hans and Kristoff, too, are against each other in terms of psychic functions, the two male characters do not interact with each other in the work. (3) Hans is a person equipped with psychic functions that can complement both Elsa and Anna the most effectively, but he abuses it and turns into the most fatal opponent to them. (4) Olaf is a type of person combining Anna's attitudes with Elsa's psychological dispositions. And according to the results of analyzing the frequency of expressing fear and desire, (1) Elsa employs overwhelming fear and Anna and others characters use desire as the major drive of their behavior. (2) Fear is the underlying deficit internalized in every character and is attributed to 'the deficit of family love', and as a result, they all share the pain of 'loneliness and isolation'. It is thought that analyzing psychodynamics will help us understand the character's growth tale, that is, the narration that they distort their desire for the first motive to avoid fear and end up being ruled by it, and also, they realize the underlying reason for the distorted desire in the process of getting rid of their own fear and reach self-healing. Lastly, regarding character rising in the animation, it is expected that the directions and analysis results of this research will be referred to as a database in creating characters and setting up relations among them.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

Feather, generated in large quantities as a byproduct of commercial poultry processing, is almost pure keratin, which is not easily degradable by common professes. Four strains, SMMJ-2, FL-3, NO-4 and RM-12 were isolated from soil for production of extracellular keratinolytic protease. They were identified as Bacillus sp. based on their morphological and physiological characteristics. They shown high protease activity on 5.0% skim milk agar medium and produced a substrate like mucoid on keratin agar medium. Bacillus sp. SMMJ-2 had a faster production time for producing keratinolytic protease than other strains. This strain did not completely degrade whole chicken feather for five days in basal medium but completely degraded whole chicken feather when supplied with nitrogen source for 40hours in keratinolytic producing medium ($0.7%\;K_{2}HPO_{4},\;0.2%\;KH_{2}PO_{4},\;0.1%$ fructose, 1.2% whole chicken feather, $0.01%\;Na_{2}CO_3$, pH 7.0). When supplied with chicken feather as nitrogen source, keratinolytic protease activity was 89 units/ml/min. When soybean meal was used as nitrogen source, the keratinolytic protease production reached a maximum of 106 units/ml/min after 48 hours under $30^{\circ}C$, 180 agitation. To isolate the keratinolytic protease, the culture filtrate was precipitated with $(NH_4)_{2}SO_4$ and acetone. The recovery rate of keratinolytic protease was about 96% after treatment with 50% acetone. The enzyme was stable in the range of $30{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ and pH $6.0{\sim}12.0$.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.