• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

An important theme of this paper is to search for more genelalities of diversity and distribution pattern on the trampled plant communities in Daegu area. A total of 50 phytosociological releves were analyzed by the Zurich-Montpellier School's method and generalized habitat characteristics by using Euclidean coefficient and PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis). Five plant communities were classified and matched into largely two physiognomic types: grass-types such as Eragrostis ferruginea community, Eleusine indica community, Setaria viridis community, Digitaria ciliaris community, and forb-type of Plantage asiatica community only. These plant communities correspond to quite distinctive four habitat types, with both soil stability and moisture in microhabitat conditions: stable-moderate, unstable-moderate, stable-dry, and unstable-dry. Top-ten species showing the highest relative net contribution degree(r-NCD) were Digitaria ciliaris, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis ferruginea, Plantago asiatica, Echinochloa crus-galli, Trifolium repens, Polygonum aviculare, Setaria viridis, Setaria glauca and Artemisia princeps. The front three species showing more than 50% in percent r-NCD possess florescence after monsoon season. It is critically pointed out that the regional ecological differentiations i.e. the Daegu bioclimatic division, the $C_4$-plant dominant season(post-monsoon) of Korean peninsula, and species composition different from Japan's Plantaginetalia asiaticae, are the basis for deriving characteristics of the roadbed trampled plant communities of Daegu.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2016

Four flavone compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Setaria faberi Herrmann (Gramineae) through repeated column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated as tricin (1), and three C-glycosylflavone, 2"-O-rhamnosylvitexin (2), 2"-O-rhamnosylscoparin (3), and 2"-O-rhamnosylorientin (4), respectively, by spectroscopic analysis. These compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1990

Effects of light on germination of major weeds in upland fields were examined. Most weeds showed light positive response to germination at above 25$^{\circ}C$, but germination percentage was very low at lower temperatures. Red light promoted germination of Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, and A. retroflexus, but far-red light inhibited germination. Germination resposnse of A. retroflexus, A. lividus, and P. oleracea showed reversible reaction to red/far-red light, and thus it seemed that phytochrome was involoved in seed germination, Echinochloa crusgali and Eleusine indica showed higher germination percentage under the conditions of continuous illumination of red, white, and bule lights, and thus it was estimated that blue light pigment (HIR, high irradiation reaction) related to long time illumination was involved in germination in addition to phytochrome.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 1992

Phytophagous insects of Monocotyledoneae were surveyed from May to October in 1991. Each p province was divided into 9 localities by $\boxplus$-shape for the collection. Seventeen weed species b belonging to 17 genera were collected, namely, 14 Graminales weed species of 14 genera, 1 s species of Farinales weed, and 1 species of Liliales weed. Phytophagous insects representing 5 orders, 13 families, 27 genera, and 36 species comprised the insect fauna on Monocotyledoneae w weeds. Five species were not identified out of 36 insect species. Grasshoppers, hemipteran, s scarab beetles, and leaf beetles were frequently collected. Lema concinnipennis was a potential biological agent on Commelina communis, and Oulema dilutipes was first collected from Setaria u viridis. Commelina communis in golf course was severely damaged by Adoretus tenuimacu/atus c chafer but this insect was also an important insect pest of turfgrass and trees.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1981

This study was conducted to identify the possibility of paddy weeds served as the host plant of bacterial leaf blight, using various bacterial groups and inoculation methods. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. Alopecurns spp., Setaria viridis P. Beauv., and Leersia juponica Makino were identified the most susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, similar to Milyang 23 which was used as a susceptible check variety. The others such as Digitaria adscendens Hem., Eleusine indic aGaertin., Cyperns serotinus Rottb, Cyperns difformis L. showed slight infection but most of broadleaf weeds were resistant to bacterial leaf blight. 2. Weed species showing early susceptibility maintained their susceptibility throughout the growth stages. Group I of bacterial leaf blight was the most effective to develop infection symptom to weeds. 3. Pin and scissor inoculation methods were more effective mean for infection than spray method which was used without wound.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2009

Every spring, Korea is always plagued by sandy dust from the western region of China and Mongolia. Yellow sand is causing an environmental problem to Japan and far into the American continent, let alone Korea. At present, the western region of China is going under desertification at a great speed due to climatic change and humans' damaging activities. To cope with this, each country including China is considering ecological restoration of deserts through planting. Accordingly, this research conducted a vegetation survey on Baicheng district which is a representative dry land of western China to obtain a basic data for ecological restoration of a desert. The survey revealed that Setaria viridis which invaded an arid land made a succession into Setaria viridis-Cannabis sativa var. fruderalis community together with Artemisia mongolica-Setaria viridis community due to the increase in salt concentration and alkalization subsequent to dryness. It was also found out that there finally formed Artemisia mongolica community on a flat intense in harsh wind and dryness with the continuous worsening of environmental conditions. There appeared a different type of vegetation on hilly districts where sporadic shade could come into being because the air humidity could be available relatively there. Frequently, typically appearing at the whole survey area, the Tributlus terrestris community was found to make succession into Tribulus terrestris-Cleisrogenes squarrosa community due to the aggravation of soil environment. In addition, with the worsening of the environment at hilly districts, there formed Clesirogenes squarrosa community resistant to dryness, salinity in soil and strong alkalinity. Further, there appeared higher plant life totalling to 62 taxa comprising 58 species and 4 varieties with 27 families and 49 genuses at the whole survey area. Among these, Compositae plants excellent in resistance to environment was surveyed the most, accounting for 27%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of mulching materials on root growth characteristics and weed occurrence of Platycodon grandiflorum transplants (3 years old) in organic farming. After transplanting, roots were mulched with one of three mulching materials (biodegradable film, sawdust, or rice husks) or a control (no mulching). The average root diameter of all mulching groups was 28.1 mm, which was 5.1 mm thicker than the no-mulching treatment. Roots with the biodegradable film treatment were the thickest at 30.9 mm. Root length was the shortest, 22.0 cm, with rice husk mulching. The number of rootlets was the highest with film mulching (36.0 rootlets/root) and the lowest with no mulching. For root fresh weight, which directly affects yield, the average of treated and untreated roots was 100 and 56 g/root, respectively. The highest fresh weight was in the biodegradable film plot (130 g/root). The mulching treatment groups showed a weed inhibition effect compared with the no-mulching treatment. The dominant weeds with the no-mulching treatment were Setaria viridis and Digitaria ciliaris, and that with the mulching treatment was Setaria viridis. Average annual weed occurrence across all treatments was 72%. Weed occurrence was the highest with the no-mulching treatment ($125weeds/m^2$), and there were no weeds with the biodegradable film treatment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 1998

The seed dormancy is one of the peculiar characteristics of a number of weed species and it makes difficulties in weed control. To clarify the mechanism of seed dormancy, several chemicals such as $KNO_3$, KOH, thiourea, and $H_2O_2$ and phytohormone($GA_3$) were treated to dormant seeds. Among the species treated with several chemicals, the germination percentages of Setaria glauca, Ambrosia trifida and Ranunculus sceleratus were increased with $KNO_3$ and those of S. glauca, R sceleratus were increased with thiourea. Hydrogen peroxide promoted the germination of Setaria viridis and S. glauca. Germination percentages of S. viridis, S. glauca and Cyperus saraguinolentus were increased with enzyme treatment using pectinase. GA treatment enhanced the geim.ination of Eleusine indica and R sceleratus but the other species were affected slightly. Especially. E. indica showed linearity in the relationship between germination percentage and GA concentration. So, It seemed that E. indica can be used as a bioassy material for GA. Considering the phenological habits of weed species, the seeds were buried under soil for long time(more than 1 month) over winter. When seeds were buried in soil, the degree of dormancy was drastically decreased. Especially, germination of seeds buried were increased under alternating temperature. The germination rates of Persicaria ssp. and Chenopodium ssp. were increased by 50% order alternating temperature after burial for seven weeks.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1989

1) Optimum temperature was $15^{\circ}C$ for C. bursa-pastoris, $20^{\circ}C$ for C. album, $30^{\circ}C$ for P. oleracea, A. lividus, E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, and 4 showed wide range of germination temperature. 2) Emergence of C. bursa-pastoris, and C. album was best at $14.8^{\circ}C$ of soil temperature, E. crus-galli at $23^{\circ}C$, E. indica, A. lividis and P. oleracea at $27.1^{\circ}C$ and A. retroflexus and D. sanguinalis at $31.1^{\circ}C$. 3) A. retroflexus and P. oleracea started to germinate at 30% water absorption stage and A. lividus, C. album, S. viridis, and D. sanguinalis at 40% and E. indica at 70%. 4) Germination of weed species was decreased as PEG 6000 induced osmotic potential lowered. C. album, P. oleracea, D. sanguinalis, A. lividus, and Solanum nigrum were germinated at -5.0 bar osmotic potential and C. album and P. oleracea were germinated at -7.0 bar.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2008

Phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Humulus japonicus community in the Middle area of Korea. The vegetation data of total 67 $relev\acute{e}s$ were analyzed by the $Z\ddot{u}rich$-Montpellier school's method. Upper layer plant communities of Humulus japonicus were classified into four community groups : Humulus japonicus-Artemisia princeps community, Chenopodium album community, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community and Typical community. Lower layer plant communities were classified into five community groups : Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community, Equisetum arvense community, Persicaria theunbergii community, Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community and Typical community. According to the results of canonical correspondence analysis by vegetation and environmental factor, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community of upper layer was distributed throughout the soil with high relative light and soil hardness. Chenopodium album community appeared in the soil with high pH. Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community of lower layer was formed in the high soil pH. Persicaria theunbergii community and Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community were distributed in the soil with high moisture.