• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: About 81% of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from agricultural land to the atmosphere is due to nitrogen (N) fertilizer application. Mitigation of $N_2O$ emissions can be more effective in controlling biochemical processes such as nitrification and denitrification in the soil rather than decreasing fertilizer application. The use of urease inhibitors is an effective way to improve N fertilizer efficiency and reduce $N_2O$ emissions. Several compounds act as urease inhibitors, but N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been used worldwide. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hot pepper and chinese cabbage were cultivated in five treatments: standard fertilizer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(N-P-K, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$: 22.5-11.2-14.9 kg/ha for hot pepper and $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$: 32.0-7.8-19.8 kg/ha for chinese cabbage), no fertilizer, and NBPT-treated fertilizer of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times of nitrogen basal application rate of the standard fertilizer, respectively in Gyeonggi-do Hwaseong-si for 2 years(2015-2016). According to application of NBPT-treated fertilizer in hot pepper and chinese cabbage, $N_2O$ emission decreased by 19-20% compared to that of the standard fertilizer plot. CONCLUSION: NBPT-treated fertilizer proved that $N_2O$ emissions decreased statistically significant in the same growth conditions as the standard fertilization in the hot pepper and chinese cabbage cultivated fields. It means that NBPT-treated fertilizer can be applied for N fertilizer efficiency and $N_2O$ emissions reduction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

To investigate effects of deep tillage before planting on physicochemical properties of soil, growth and fruit characteristics in cultivation of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L. cv. 'Uriggul') under plastic film house, this study was conducted in cultivating field of Gochang Junbuk. pH in soil after harvest compared with soil before planting of watermelon had almost no change, but EC lowed greatly in the two treatments. Available phosphate concentration in the soil with the deep tillage treatment was lower, K concentration of exchangeable cation decreased greatly than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth at 27th day after planting plant, stem length to 10th node from the first node, leaf width with deep tillage treatment were longer, bearing node of the first and second flower and wilting degree were lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth of harvesting time, the stem length to 30th node from the first node with the deep tillage treatment were longer, leaf discoloration degree was lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. Also, the harvested fruits length, diameter, peel hardness, and weight were significantly better than these with conventional tillage treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of fertilization levels by soil testing on plant growth and fruit quality of musk melon in greenhouse cultivation. Leaf area and fruit weight were severely affected by fertilization level. Leaf areas were significantly reduced by 54.1% and 24.5% at 0 and 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. Fruit weights were reduced by 38.2% and 19.9% at 0 and 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. However, soluble solids and sucrose contents were increased by 1.8% and 23.3% at 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. These results suggest that reduction of 50% fertilization level by soil testing seem to be effective methods to reduce salt accumulation in the soil as well as increasing of fruit quality such as soluble solids and sucrose contents.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study compared the voice range profiles (VRPs) with glissando and simplified VRP methods with 57 men who were in premutation (8-13 years), mutation (11-16 years), and postmutation (10-24 years) stages. The difference between modal and falsetto areas measured in two VRP methods was also compared. As the results, the average fundamental frequency (F0) was in the order of premuaton>mutation>postmutation. The maximum F0 (F0max), the range of F0 (F0range), the maximum intensity (Imax), and the range of intensity (Irange) were the lowest in the mutation stage, and these variables were higher in falsetto area than in modal area in both methods. In addition, most variables of VRP in glissando were higher than in simplified VRP, but the differences were not significant. This study showed that, in men in mutation stage, due to the temporary anatomical and physiological changes of the larynx, the mechanism of the vocal folds vibration changes and VRP shows a different pattern from that of other age groups. Both the VRPs of glissando and simplifed VRP are suitable for clinical practice by experienced examiners. And it is necessary to measure not only the falsetto area but also the modal area when measuring VRP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2024

Restoring lost teeth is very important in terms of both function and aesthetics. If tooth loss occurs in the posterior region and the loss of support is persistent, it may cause a gradual shift in the position of the mandible and a change in occlusion. This clinical case attempted to restore support for the posterior teeth with a fixed prosthesis using implants in a patient whose opposing teeth were erupted and the occlusal plane collapsed due to long-term loss of the maxillary left posterior teeth and mandibular right first molars. To correct the occlusal plane of remaining dentition, wax-up of maxillary left posterior teeth was duplicated with acrylic resin and placed on maxilla. Surgical template for implant placement were fabricated using digital technology. After the support of the posterior teeth was restored with the placement of the implant, stable occlusion with temporary restorations was observed for a sufficient time. Afterwards, monolithic zirconia prosthesis was placed on the patient to ensure functional and aesthetic improvement.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2007

Responses of antioxidant enzymes on chilling and drought stress in tomato seedlings were investigated. Growing patterns of tomato based on fresh weight of tomato seedlings were severely affected by chilling and drought stress. Fresh weight of tomato seedlings were reduced by 69.5% in chilling stress and 50.6% in drought stress compared to those in the unstressed control seedlings after 12 days of stress. The specific and gel activity of SOD and POD in the leaves, shoots, and roots of tomato seedlings were significantly increased by chilling and drought stress. Activation of SOD and POD activity by chilling stress were higher in the roots than those of drought stress. However, activation of SOD and POD activity by drought stress were higher in the leaves and shoots than those of chilling stress. The specific and gel activity of GR in the leaves, shoots, and roots of tomato seedlings were also significantly increased by chilling and drought stress. When the seedlings were treated with chilling or drought stress, one GR isozyme band (GR-3) was newly expressed in the leaves of tomato seedlings. The specific and gel activity of PPO was significantly increased in the roots and shoots of tomato seedlings by chilling and drought stress, respectively. However, the specific and gel activity of PPO in the leaves is no difference between stressed and controlled tomato seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental lighting of low light intensities on growth and yield of rose 'Vital' in a forcing culture. Metal halide lamp (MH), High pressure sodium lamp (HSP), and MH+HSP were used as the light sources, and they were set up at a $310\;cm{\times}450\;cm$ interval and at 120cm above the culture beds. Light intensity at 1m point distance from supplemental lighting sources was $32{\sim}34\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Days to the 1st and 2nd harvests decreased by $5{\sim}8$ and $3{\sim}5$days, respectively in supplemental lighting treatment as compared to the control. Days to harvesting was the shortest in MH+HPS treatment, followed by BPS and MH, although there was no significant difference between HPS and MH treatments. The growth was better and incidence of blind shooting decreased by $5{\sim}7%$ in supplemental lighting treatments than the control, increasing marketable cut flowers. The incidence of blind shoot was the lowest in MH+BPS treatment, and there were no significant difference between MH and BPS treatments. In conclusion, supplemental lighting of low light intensities was effective in reducing days to flowering and reduced occurrence of blind shoots.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.165-177
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• 2009

This study shed light on searching spatial location pattern of movie theaters by operating screens in theater as proxy variable to find spillover effects and spatial determinants. After taking procedure to find spatial spillover effect by GIS 3D analyst, movie theaters in Seoul metropolitan area are formed in four categorized regions, such as Kangbuk, Kangnam, Kangseo, and Kangdong. Regions which have larger number of screens than others show that they affect to relevant regions directly. In addition, this study analyzes that people have tendencies to visit movie theater while they use other similar facilities such as music, publishing, and public performance facilities. Therefore, trend of agglomeration of similar enterprise including motion picture industry has a spillover effect and economy of scale when they are gathered in specific regions which are specialized as certain usage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1050-1055
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• 2011

This paper presents a novel diagnostic method to determine Sasang Consitution (SC) by elasticity coefficient of hand dorsal skin of elderly people. For this purpose, we carried out a clinical test, in which Our SC diagnostic tool and one Oriental medical doctor with SC medicine expertise participated to categorize 458 healthy subjects into four constitutions. After excluding heavy-noise, we extracted 295 subjects' elasticity coefficient feature data and statistically analyzed their SC relevance with ANOVA test. It resulted in that, Taeum-in has high elasticity coefficient compared to Soeum-in in a significance level of 0.05. There are no differences of elasticity coefficient in genders. This result is supported by the theory of Longevity and Life Preservation in Eastern Medicine(Donguisusebowon, 동의수세보원) which suggested that Taeum-in's flesh is solid and Soeum-in's one is tender. This is the first work which reports the relatedness of skin elasticity coefficient and SC by an objective clinical test.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide GIS application to the emergency medical service management system in the Seoul area. Two wards, Kangnam-Gu and Songpa-Gu, were selected for a pilot study subject. The main focus of the study was to develope the network system using GIS which could select the most available hospital from the site being emergency case and advise the minimum path to the hospital. ARC/INFO pc version was need to implemeni an indexing system for automated mapping and data storage. The developed system, "Emergency Medical System based on GIS ${\ulcorner}$EMS/GIS${\lrcorner}m$", consists of the cartographic database and vehicle transportation system. The results suggest that EMS/GIS network are needed to connect the local transportation network between major emergency care hospitals and central conirol tower in the near future. If the EMS/GIS system could be more developed based in further analysis, it would be the most useful economical and efficient for emergency medical service with mutual aid system.al aid system.