• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the effects of a regular walking exercise program on metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms among the elderly with diabetic mellitus (DM) based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Methods: This study has randomized and stratified experimental design with experimental and control groups. We developed a regular walking exercise program suitable for the elderly with DM based on the guidance of AAHPERD. The experimental group participated in the regular walking exercise program, which contains walking exercise 3 times a week and 50 minutes each time for 3 months and education on controlling diet and preventing complications once a week and 20 minutes each time for 4 weeks. Post-test was conducted after 3 months to estimate metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms. Results: The regular walking exercise program was effective for decreasing the waist size, the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride (TG), cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of depressive symptoms among the elderly with DM. Conclusion: The incidence of complications would be decreased by applying a regular walking exercise program.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes in the Korean elderly. Methods: Experimental studies were located using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed. The selected studies for analysis were 20 articles of cardiovascular outcomes (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), blood pressure, and pulse rate) from 515 articles. Results: One-group pretest-posttest design was the most common. The main physical activity was an aerobic exercise. Five of 14 studies reported a significant improvement of total cholesterol. Four of 14 studies found relationship between exercise and triglyceride. Eight of 12 studies reported a significant improvement of HDL, whereas 3 of 9 studies reported a significant improvement of LDL. In over 60% of selected studies, reported significant improvement of blood pressure. Conclusion: Based on the review, it suggests that regular physical activity of the elderly may improve cardiovascular outcomes.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to investigate the lifestyle characteristics and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among workers with metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 187 workers with MS were recruited from a university hospital. The anthropometric measures were used and blood data were reviewed from the health record. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: While 52.2% of women did not do exercise regularly, 30.5% of men did not at all. The prevalence of MS according to each component was as follows: hypertension was 92.0%, obesity was 89.8%, hyperlipidemia was 63.1%, and hyperglycemia was 61.0%. The high prevalence of each component of MS in workers with MS indicated a significantly higher risk of CVD. The odds ratio of risk of CVD was 16.04 (p=.017) in workers with hypertension, when compared to workers without hypertension. Similarly, the odds ratio of risk of CVD was 11.04 (p=.000) in workers with hyperglycemia, compared to workers without hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Increased risk of CVD was significantly associated with lifestyle characteristics and MS risk factors among Korean workers with MS.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the effects of intervention for CVD prevention in construction workers. Methods: A total of 497 workers participated the health status survey and finally 90 workers were analyzed for evaluation of the intervention with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from the questionnaires and health examinations in the healthcare service for road constructor's CVD prevention as secondary analysis. The intervention of the healthcare was composed of CVD prevention education for all workers and face to face counselling for the high risk group of CVD risk during 6 months in workplace. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. Results: The moderate and high risk groups of CVD were 9.7% and 0.8%. After the intervention, the physical activity (MET-min/week) significantly increased (Z=-5.46, p<.001). But, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, and CVD risk appraisals between pre and post intervention. Conclusion: The findings imply that it is necessary to develop the health promotion program for construction workers which fully reflects the characteristics of individuals and the organization.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III) on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function in the elderly (age, ${\geq}$ 60) who experienced acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The design of research was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were 10 people in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. The intervention program was the cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III), and was performed for 50 ~ 60 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. The dependent variables were the cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function. Results: Significant differences were shown in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, BMI, PT of the experimental group after the intervention. As for the differences in the amount of changes, there were differences among groups in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, PMET, and PT of the experimental group. Conclusion: The cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III) may be effective in improving cardiovascular function and enhancing cardiorespiratory function in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to explore the meaning of quality of life in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. Methods: A grounded theory method guided data collection and analysis. A total of 16 adult outpatients with chronic cardiovascular disease was participated. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. A theoretical sampling technique was used to obtain diverse data from many relevant categories. Results: Seven categories were extracted, and they divided into constructing and intervening factors of quality of life. Constructing factors were uncertainty, recovery in the sense of control and maintaining social life. Intervening factors were symptom experiences, social support, taking care of themselves, and reflecting life. 'Keeping restrictive conditions under control' was emerged as a core category. The meaning of quality of life in patients with cardiovascular was explained according to the levels of keeping restrictive conditions under control. Conclusion: The result of this study may contribute for health professionals to understand the quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model on cardiovascular disease risk factors among male manufacturing workers. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires and health exams from 201 workers in a local electronic company during September 2004. Data analysis was done with SAS 9.1 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.54 for covariance structural analysis Results: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by deleting five paths. The modified model had a better fit to the data($x^2=504.23$(p<001, df: 180), $x^2/df=2.80$, GFI=.95, RMR=.07, NFI=.90, PGFI=.64). Health behaviors and psychosocial distress were found to have significant direct effects on the cardiovascular disease risk factors. Self-concept had direct effect on psychosocial distress or health behaviors. Self-concept, work environment, and work condition had direct effect on social support. Work environment had indirect effect on psychosocial distress. Social support had indirect effect on health behaviors. But work environment and work condition were found to have little direct effect on health behaviors, psychosocial distress or cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusion: A cardiovascular health promotion program should therefore include psycho-social factors as well as health behavioral determinants in worksites.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to provide statistical data for developing client-needs based welfare services in community welfare facilities. Method: The participants were 270 senior citizens, who visited a community welfare center in Gyunggi province, during the month of October 2005. They were asked to answer a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data from 221 of the elders. Results: 1. More than 50% of the respondents were women aged between 60 and 75, who had education levels above high school and who lived in apartments. Among the respondents, 54.3% lived separately from their children. 2. 70.0% of the respondents considered their health status as "good", even though they had more than one disease. Also 41% of the respondents were supported by their children, and 76.8% wanted jobs. 3. The respondents pointed out several programs such as languages, computer, singing class, physical activities (dances, billiards, Tai-chi and table tennis), needed to be included in the welfare center programs. Conclusions: Elders aged 60-75, educated above high school, living in an apartments, live alone or with spouse, and having frequent contact with children, were the most frequent utilizers of the welfare center. They want the welfare center programs in variety, including languages, computer, singing class, and physical activities.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively examine middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A qualitative method was used, with focus group interviews. The participants were middle-aged male taxi drivers who had been driving for more than ten years and for more than six hours daily. Results: The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease were categorized into three main themes: "individual perceptions of cardiovascular disease", "possibility of behaviors for cardiovascular disease" and "motivations of behaviors for cardiovascular disease". Six sub-themes were extracted as follows: "perception of vulnerability", "perception of seriousness", "perception of profitability", "perception of disability", "self-awareness" and "advancing toward health care". Conclusion: It is necessary to invigorate support systems through measures including education, counseling, and web-based programs to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged male taxi drivers.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Cardiovascular Disease Resilience (CDR) scale to evaluate disease specific resilience for recovery. Methods: The study was conducted as follows: items generation, and test of validity and reliability. Items were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from the interviews. In order to test validity and reliability, seven panels of experts reviewed the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from 550 cardiovascular disease patients. Factor analysis, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data. Results: In the preliminary stage, forty-four items were generated. A reduction to 40 items was accomplished through content validity analysis. Factor analysis extracted 7 factors with a total of 25 items. The CDR items were moderately correlated with the subscales of the CD-RISC (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) and the mean score of CDR was associated with quality of life measured with CD-QOL (Cardiovascular Disease Quality of Life). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.84. Conclusion: Content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the CDR were established. The CDR is a reliable and valid instrument which the resilience of cardiovascular disease specific recovery state can be evaluated.