• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2012

The European nuclear design requirements, which should be satisfied by nuclear reactors in Europe, usually recommend a so-called core catcher, which is a molten core ex-vessel cooling facility, to manage a severe accident at a nuclear reactor. Two different types of core catcher concepts are compared to determine their abilities to manage severe accidents and cool core melts. The study reveals that direct cooling is better for cooling capacity and is convenient to construct, while indirect cooing is better for the management of a severe accident.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.251-276
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• 2017

The utilization of Digital and Social Network has become be a key success factor in business operations as information technologies evolve rapidly. This study is to identity the relationship between ICT & digital utilization, global orientation and export marketing capability in Korean SMEs. Survey data of Korean SMEs in south regional areas was collected and analyzed for empirical hypothesis test by PLS structural equation method. The key findings are as follows. First, ICT utilization such as SNS, homepage and online portal does not impact directly on export marketing capability. It means that SMEs would not still take advantage of utilization of social network availability. Second, ICT utilization has positive influences on global market orientation and global network orientation. Finally, both global market orientation and network have significant impacts on export marketing capability. In conclusion, global orientation has full-mediation effects on relationship between ICT capability and global marketing. This study provides evidences and some practical insights that digital utilization have indirect influences on global marketing through global markets and network orientation in Korean SMEs. In information technology era, ICT utilization will play an important role in the process of SMEs' internationalization. Therefore, for sustainable growth and survival SMEs should manage and intensify ICT capability more strategically as one of core competence. The value of ICT capability in SMEs would be depended on their strategic perspectives toward digitalization. Additional empirical research about digital capability based on larger sample will be needed.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.161-192
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• 2017

글로벌 금융위기 이후 증가하는 보호주의의 재등장은 수출주도형공업화로 성장한 아세안 선발국들에게 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 아세안에 대한 반덤핑 제고 등 무역구제조치는 증가하고 있으며 통상강국들의 반세계화도 증가하고 있다. 그러나 경제블록으로서 아세안이 공동 대응하는 방법은 별로 없다. 아세안이 통상문제에 공동의 목소리를 낼 정도로 이해가 동일하지도 않고, 통상압력의 대상이 되는 기업들이 다국적기업인 경우가 많기 때문이다. 따라서 아세안은 아세안경제공동체를 심화시키는데 주력하고 RCEP 및 EU와 FTA를 추진하는 등 간접적 대응을 하고 있다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.485-516
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• 2011

Republic of Korea is small nation that is comprised of 0.7% of the world population and occupying just 0.07% of the world territory. Despite this, Republic of Korea once again proved herself to be as the world's major economic powerhouse by becoming the world's 7th largest exporter in 2010. However, the reality is that Republic of Korea is still significantly concerned about the volatile economic nature and anxiety that is spread across the globe since the global depression that began at the end of 2008 and the financial crisis that has been threatening the Euro-Zone recently. This has resulted in the nation reaching the limitation in significant economic growth and limited creation of jobs within the nation and due to such circumstances, the nation is becoming more aware of the fact that she needs to pay more attention on the service sector and service exports if she was to see a more positive economic outlook in the upcoming future. This research is aimed to analyse the cost that is associated with the service export sector, by examining a number of enterprises in relation to the MICE(Meeting Incentives Convention Exhibition) industry which certainly has both direct and indirect influences on the service exports of the nation Further, the prime goal of the research is to encourage the SMEs of Korea, who have substandard experience associated to foreign exports, to intensify and increase service exports and also the goal extends to the degree to suggest appropriate assistance measures to aid these enterprises to achieve such goals. This research is fundamentally designed and based on the literature research associated with the MICE industry and also, this research is premeditated through the analysis of the case of exports to Vietnam. As the result of research, it has been found out that SMEs in the MICE industry and those of in service export sector are reluctant or even feel insecure to attempt any kind of export of their services mainly due to; the lack of foreign market information and also the lack of experience associated with service exports. Furthermore, it has also been revealed that the difficulty to estimate the validity and profitability of service the export is a significant factor withholding those enterprises from attempting any service export to the foreign markets. Henceforth, in order to aid and stimulate service export to the foreign markets by these SMEs (including those in association with the MICE industry), it is imperative to prepare an one-stop service export assistance program which would provide the information associated with marketing, law and legislation, taxation system and financial area in regard to the global markets.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

This paper was studied in export policy Revitalization of SMEs mainly in various countries of Indochina, especially in Laos, which is emerging as a new market after China. Laos is a socialist country, but in 2014, led by the current active open-door policy, education, social, cultural and people-to-people exchanges are going briskly, light industry and the expansion of social infrastructure such as laying the foundation for economic development. This paper presents a plan to dominate the emerging frontier markets are public enterprises and government agencies that do not respond quickly. Already pioneered by building a network in local development staff for this purpose, such as volunteers, missionaries, professors and configure the network of exploitation and human development personnel look for Revitalization of SMEs in urban and regional growth.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.27-52
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• 2004

The miraculous growth of Korean economy and its business corporations during 1960' s and 1970's are mainly due to the government leadership and its market intervention. We can find the reasons why the government initiated economic growth plan was so successful in Korea in its efficient bureaucratic government system and fair discipline to the corporations based on its contribution to the economy. During 1960's, the primary factors for the growth of business entities and the formation of business groups were the financial special favor, the preferential treatment in the new industry entrance and the merge & acquisition, lavish export incentives from the government, and the export explosion to Vietnam. During 1970's, the substantial deduction of corporations' private debt, enormous support in heavy industry investment, special benefits to general trading companies by the government, and the construction export to the Middle-East were the main causes of the business growth and the business groups formation. Also, the economic rent for the big companies had still been effective since 1960's. However, the preferential benefit to the big companies made them to diversify into the unrelated business ares and to be in very vulnerable financial position. The governmental support brought about the monopoly as well.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.435-469
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of electricity import and export in 26 European Union countries using the Spatial durbin model(SDM). In particular, we would like to mainly explain it based on the amount of power generated by each energy source. Not just the usual way of constructing a weighting matrix based on contiguity, we adopt a weighting method based on the proportion of trade among countries with connected electricity systems. Moreover, the electricity systems of European countries are directly and indirectly connected, which is reflected in the weighting matrix. According to the results, nuclear power has a positive effect on exports and a negative effect on imports, and an increase in wind and solar power has a positive effect on both exports and imports by increasing power system instability. While Korea is unable to trade electricity due to geopolitical conditions, the results of this study are expected to provide implications for energy policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Since the OPRC-HNS Protocol entered into forced in the June of 2007, the potential effects on industrial circles are encouraged to be analyzed according to the obligatory regulations listed in the Protocols. This study was conducted on the quantitative analysis of the possible effect on the industrial circles if Korea accedes to OPRC-HNS Protocol. In spite of any burdens caused by keeping "accident emergency program memorandum" and performing "education and any training program for the crews", potential decrease of insurance fee is in possibility provided it follows. In addition, the oil refinery and petrochemical industries may also have burdens for potential costs for acquiring any materials including equipments and fees for education and training related to HNS. However, minimizing any costs by swift response against accidents would be big advantage that comes with paying of small amounts of expense by international convention related to HNS.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.313-332
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• 2013

Large tundra of the Russian Empire, has rich resources and science and technology, and a huge domestic market potential is rapidly changing. Based on the abundant energy resources such as oil, gas, and minerals, as foreign trade is active, the huge capital is moving. And commitment the active SOC by improving laws and regulations and changes in the structure of the Russian economy. One of them pushed the WTO since 1993, 19 years to see fruition join the WTO (World Trade Organization). As the official entry into force August 22, Russia, July 10, 2012, Congress passed the treaty after joining the WTO and of the 156th WTO member countries, was officially join. As the WTO, Russia has the world's 11th-largest economy in the steel tariffs from 30% to 15% are exported to Russia, South Korea Car TV parts from 10% to 0%, reduced from 20% to 5% Korean export companies to export to Russia, etc., is expected to become the new land of opportunity. Russia hopes the changes improve the investment environment, the service industry, manufacturing revitalization the macroeconomic sectors of the economy through the WTO, and forecast, but the consumption increased revenue due to tariff cuts, falling import prices and the real economy, and weak manufacturing base. On the one hand, the perspective of concern. In conclusion, Russia joining the WTO, and the feed to improve the fairness and transparency of the market opening, the Russian advance in Korean companies be facilitated and strong complementary cooperation, especially in manufacturing is expected. In this paper, after Russia joining the WTO, trade liberalization, and ready for a new era of economic cooperation between Korea and Russia, at the point of expanding openness to propose strategies to analyze the problems of Korean companies during the Russian advance.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-73
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• 2007

This paper explores major factors that drive relationship quality and strength in business-to-business transactions. Three major factors, including offering characteristics, managers' interpersonal factors (similarity, expertise), and relational factors (relationship length, cooperation, and dependence), were proposed to affect relationship quality, and indirectly affect relationship strength. In addition, both economic/instrumental dimension (offering characteristics) and affective, relational dimensions (trust and commitment) are also expected to influence relationship strength. In the empirical study which used the textile-dyeing company managers' ratings of local exporters, structural equation modeling presented a well-fit evidence that relationship quality variables and strength are influenced by their proposed antecedents. Specifically, it was found that all characteristics (except relationship length) have direct effect on their relationship quality with local exporters, and indirectly impact on relationship strength which was measured along dimensions of intention to continue the business relationship in the future and the current share of business given to a local exporter. Together with the minor influence that instrumental dimension (offering characteristics) has on relationship strength, this study suggests that the willingness to remain in business relationship or current proportion of business shared is influenced more by affective assessment like relationship quality than by calculative motivation.