• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2015

Recently the dairy cow industry have faced environmental issues such as eutrophication, global warming, etc. An LCA was used to quantify the environmental impact of a dairy cow system and to identify key issues contributing to the impact. The system boundary crop cultivation for feeding dairy cow, feed production, rearing and manure management (cradle-to-gate). The functional unit was 1 kg of milk (fat protein corrected milk, FPCM) produced. Rearing and cultivation of feed crops stages in system boundary to the environmental impact of the domestic dairy cow system were dominant issues. Techniques such as suppression of enteric fermentation, improvement of the energy efficiency of farm equipment and apparatuses, management of leachate generated during the crop cultivation, and development of controling the loss of fertilizer during crop production would be necessary for the improvement of the environmental key issues of the dairy cow system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2004

The researchers, who seek geological and environmental information, depend on the remote sensing and aerial photographic datum from various commercial satellites and aircraft. However, the adverse weather conditions and the expensive equipment can restrict that the researcher can collect their data anywhere and any time. To allow for better flexibility, we have developed a compact, a multi-spectral automatic Aerial photographic system(PKNU 2). This system's Multi-spectral camera can catch the visible(RGB) and infrared(NIR) bands($3032{\times}2008$ pixels) image. Visible and infrared bands images were obtained from each camera respectively and produced Color-infrared composite images to be analyzed in the purpose of the environment monitor but that was not very good data. Moreover, it has a demerit that the stereoscopic overlap area is not satisfied with 60% due to the 12s storage time of each data, while it was possible that PKNU 2 system photographed photos of great capacity. Therefore, we have been developing the advanced PKNU 2(PKNU 3) that consists of color-infrared spectral camera can photograph the visible and near infrared bands data using one sensor at once, thermal infrared camera, two of 40 G computers to store images, and MPEG board to compress and transfer data to the computer at the real time and can attach and detach itself to a helicopter. Verification and calibration of each sensor(REDLAKE MS 4000, Raytheon IRPro) were conducted before we took the aerial photographs for obtaining more valuable data. Corrections for the spectral characteristics and radial lens distortions of sensor were carried out.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-125
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• 1995

In ship and of offshore structures, there exist many local panels of various shapes having many kinds of attachments reducible to damped spring-mass systems. For the vibration analysis of panels, analytical methods such as Rayleight-Ritz method or the assumed mode method can be efficiently applied. There have been many studies on the vibration analysis of rectangular panels using the analytical methods but relatively few for arbitrary shape panels. An efficient formulation based on the assumed mode method is presented for the vibration analysis of an arbitrary quadrangular plate having concentrated masses, supporting springs such as pillars and spring-mass systems. In the formulation, the natural coordinate system is used for the efficient treatment of an arbitrary quadrangular shape. Through some numerical calculations, accuracy and efficiency of the presented method are shown.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2C
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Oriental base diagnosis method is not going to hospital different from Oriental medicine and because of the possible disease diagnosis through the network and many communication equipment. Especially diagnosis development using ocular inspection method aspect of Oriental medicine among an aging society advance into cut the medical cost for contribution. Ocular inspection method the most important look at disease color that is Observing a Person's Shape and Color which is implementation the development of methodology and important the build of application ability system. So in this paper study observing a person's shape and color implementation of ocular inspection. Specially body's the five viscera presentate the five colors disease color in face that is important the color coordinate system thesis so that proceed the experiment for the color coordinate system analysis. Finally five color extract need the observing a person's shape and color through experiment select the digital color system and so real skin color analysis and comparison about the experiment which suggest the something to color coordinate system the best case of digital color system for observing a person's shape and color implementation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Recently, recycling of the industrial by-products has been an important issue of the Yeosu bay, where large industrial complex is located. Major industrial by-products which are produced from Yeosu industrial complex area are phosphogypsum and flyash, which are about 82% and 10% of the 1.6 million tons industrial by-products. Moreover since the Yeosu industrial complex is located at seaside, phosphogypsum has been pointed as cause of serious environmental contaminant from the regional society. Therefore recycling study can't be delayed anymore. In this paper, artificial aggregate was manufactured by non-sintering process from industrial byproducts - e.g., phosphogypsum and slag - as a geotechnical drainage material. To show the feasibility of the artificial aggregate as a geotechnical drainage material, geotechnical experiments including particle size analysis, permeability test, and large scale direct shear test were carried out. Test results show that the permeability of the artificial aggregates range from $6.94{\times}10^{-1}cm/sec$ to $8.86{\times}10^{-1}cm/sec$, which is much larger value than those are required for the drainage material from the construction specification in Korea, and the friction angle of the artificial aggregate is as large as that of sand in water immersion conditions. From the test results, it was concluded that artificial aggregate made from industrial by-products can be used successfully as a geotechnical drainage material.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.20 no.3_4
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• pp.175-222
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 우리나라 국방예산 운영의 국민경제적 파급효과에 대한 실증분석에 기초하여 국방예산 규모논쟁에 대한 검토, 지출구조의 개선방안, 그리고 지출구조 개성을 위한 국방부문의 효율화 방향을 제시하였다. 실증분석을 위해 Feder-Ram 2부문-외부효과모형에 기초하여 1970년대 이후 총국방비 운영유지비 방위력개선비 등 3가지의 국방부문 지표를 이용한 실증분석 결과, 방위력개선비가 국민총생산에 대해 유의한 정(正)의 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 총국방비의 경우 유의성이 없었으며, 운영유지비의 경우 유의한 부(負)의 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 국방예산 규모논쟁과 관련하여, 최근 GDP 대비 국방비 비중과 안보위협을 고려한 국가군별 비교 등을 통해볼 때, 지금까지의 우리나라 국방비규모의 상대적 비중이 하락하는 추세를 더 이상 기대하기는 어렵다고 보는 것이 현실적인 인식이라고 판단된다. 이제 국방예산 관련 논의의 초점은 상대적 규모를 포함하여 국방예산규모 자체보다는 국방예산의 지출구조와 내역에 맞추어져야 하고, 국방예산 운영의 낭비사례를 방지하고 효율성 투명성을 높여서 적절한 지출구조와 배분내역 방식을 이루는 것이 되어야 한다고 판단된다. 국방예산 지출구조의 개선을 위해서 투자비 성격의 방위력개선비 비중을 높이는 예산구조상의 개선이 매우 중요한 과제이다. 이를 위해 각종 경사경비에 대한 영점기준의 검토작업과 더불어 인력과 장비의 대체, 인력구조의 조정 등을 통해 기술집약형 전력구조를 지향하는 보다 근본적인 구조조정노력이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 미래전 양상에 대비한 군 첨단화의 핵심인 해상방위력 및 항공력 증강 등이 필수적이며, 지상군 위주에서 상대적으로 해 공군 중심의 군 구조로 개선되어야 할 것이다. 구조개선의 완급조절과 군별배분의 수평적 구조개선을 통해서 예산규모의 커다란 증대 압력 없이 추진 할 수 있는 구조개선은 시급히 실현되어야 할 것이며, 구조조정 재원의 상당부분은 군 내부의 낭비사례를 막고 생산성을 획기적으로 제고해서 확보할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 국방예산 운영의 효율성 투명성 제고를 위해서는 군 내부 자원관리기능이 강화되어야 하고, 군조직 운영에 있어서도 민간부문에 상응하는 경영효율성 개념의 과감한 도입이 요구된다. 지금까지의 '국방전력 극대화'를 위한 군인중심의 획일적 폐쇄적 군조직 운영에서 벗어나 조직 인사 예산 운영 전반에 걸친 경영혁신이 이루어져야 한다. 국방부문에 경영효율성 개념을 도입하여 경영혁신을 이루어나가는 주요 정책방향은 일부 기능 조직의 민영화 및 민간위탁의 확대, 민간전문인력의 활용도 제고, 자율적 책임경이 필요한 부문을 대상으로 한 "책임경영사업소(Agency)제도"의 도입 등이다. 또한 유사기능을 갖는 조직과 각군별로 별도로 설립되어 중복되는 기능을 수행하는 기관을 통폐합해야 할 것이다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study is trying to analyse the private security prevention role of citizen, For this analyse the public opinion survey on the crime prevention of the private security was carried in Kyungnam area about the crime prevention system and the storage and institution, the role of the crime prevention of private security etc. So that, we have experimented a fact-finding survey about civil consciousness. The result of this fact-finding survey about crime prevention system is on the hand pointed out the circumscription of the police power, and the other hand they have the age-old ceremonies on the dependence about police system. Because the public security order needs the compelling power to maintenance the peace and this power is exercising only by police. They don't have the trust about the role of the private security as the crime prevention institution. But, they consider the private security is just for anyone in particular and special class by their demand. And also, they consider the private security is very expensive to utilize for their security in the everyday life. There for, some people have trust for the private security and if they have a chance for the security, they consider to utilize the private security for their safe life as an security agency. The private security has a powerful experts and so many high-tech equipments for the security. Thus, we have to find a solution to get the best out of it. Because the private security is also a part of crime prevention institution as the police agency.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

Purpose: To observe the high temperature creep test and the fracture surface of the samples of 9% Ni alloy steel generally used for all kinds of mahine parts and predict the durability of that by determining a constant of C with a Larson-Miller variable. Methods: The equipment of this test was made into lever-beam style designed by Andrade and F. Garofalo et al.. The condition of creep test was set under 16 kinds of conditions after fixing 4 kinds of temperature condition and 4 kinds of stress condition to check how it effects the samples. Results: The temperature of creep test was increased, the stress index (n) of creep deformation was gradually decreased from 3.97 to 3.55. The activation energy of creep deformation was decreased from 90.39 to 83.64 kcal/mol when the stress was increased. A constant of C value by calculation of larson-Miller variable was about 22 and if temperature for use is suggested, the durability could be calculated. Conclusions: By analyzing the fracture phenomenon and suggesting the observation result of the fracture surface of the samples and creep test of 9% Ni alloy steel, the basic design data for the practical use of accessories in the field of equipment could be constructed and used to predict the durability of the equipment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.206-211
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• 2016

Various applications require dry air at low temperature, such automation equipment, semiconductor manufacturing, chemical production lines, and coating processes for the shipbuilding industry. Four evaporators for low temperature (below $0^{\circ}C$) were installed for a dehumidification system. Moist air is cooled sequentially over three evaporators. The first evaporator has an evaporation temperature of $13^{\circ}C$, that of the second evaporator is $5^{\circ}C$, and that of the third evaporator is maintained at $-1.3^{\circ}C$. In the fourth evaporator implantation thereby the moisture contained in the moisture air. A pressure regulator (CPCE 12) is used at this point and is defrosted when the vapor pressure is below a set value. The non-implantation moisture of the air is a heating system that uses the waste heat of a condenser with high temperature. It develops the cooling type's dehumidifier, which is important equipment that prevents the destruction of protein and measures the temperature and humidity at each interval by changing the front air velocity from 1.0 m/s to 4.0 m/s. The cooling capacity was also calculated. The greatest cooling capacity was 1.77 kcal/h for a front air velocity of 2.0 m/s

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

Many research of hand gesture recognition based on vision system have been conducted which enable user operate various electronic devices more easily. 3D position calculation and meaningful gesture classification from similar gestures should be executed to recognize hand gesture accurately. A simple and cost effective method of 3D position calculation and gesture spotting (a task to recognize meaningful gesture from other similar meaningless gestures) is described in this paper. 3D position is achieved by calculation of two cameras relative position through pan/tilt module and a marker regardless with the placed position. Fuzzy garbage model is proposed to provide a variable reference value to decide whether the user gesture is the command gesture or not. The reference is achieved from fuzzy command gesture model and fuzzy garbage model which returns the score that shows the degree of belonging to command gesture and garbage gesture respectively. Two-stage user adaptation is proposed that off-line (batch) adaptation for inter-personal difference and on-line (incremental) adaptation for intra-difference to enhance the performance. Experiment is conducted for 5 different users. The recognition rate of command (discriminate command gesture) is more than 95% when only one command like meaningless gesture exists and more than 85% when the command is mixed with many other similar gestures.