• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.145-159
• /
• 2020

Wetlands are vulnerable to biological invasion by alien species, because they function as sinks that accumulate excess water, sediments, nutrients, and other contaminants from the surrounding watersheds by disturbance. In this study, to understand the status and characteristics of the alien plants based on the type of wetlands, we classified 24 ecologically outstanding wetlands and analyzed the status of alien flora. A total of 130 alien plants were found in the wetlands, accounting for 11% of the total plant species. Among them, the Asteraceae species was the most diverse, with 40 species. Erigeron annuus and Oenothera ordorata had the highest frequency of occurrence. The species richness of alien plants in the riverine and lacustrine wetlands (average: 30 species) was higher than that in the mountainous palustrine wetlands (average: 10 species). The same results were found in the naturalization index, urbanization index, and ratio of annuals and biennials, which indicate the degree of artificial interference. In the cluster analysis, the riverine and lacustrine wetlands were combined, and only the mountainous palustrine wetlands were separated. The number of alien plants is remarkably low in the mountainous palustrine wetlands, and it is considered to be the influence of Erigeron strigosus, Symphytum officinale, and Bilderdykia convolvulus, not found in the other types of wetlands. In particular, invasive alien plants such as Aster pilosus, Ambrosia trifida, Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were found intensively in the riverine wetlands. Therefore, it is considered that a methodical management is urgently required considering the dispersal of alien plants in the riverine and lacustrine wetlands with high artificial interference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.48-59
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to present raw data on managing the restored urban stream by studying the naturalized plants distributed in Gaeumjeong Stream, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The results were as follows. The numbers of naturalized plants were summarized as 45 taxa including 17 families, 36 genera, 43 species and 2 varieties. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Lactuca sativa. The following summarizes the attributes of the naturalized plants. Most of the plants commonly originated from Europe and North America. The 5 naturalized degree that was widely distributed and had many individual was the most common. Until 1921, after the opening of 1 period was the most common in the introduced period. Section 12 had the highest NI at 41.9%, and the lowest, at 20.5%, in sections 9 and 19 were analyzed. Section 1 had the highest UI at 6.2%, whereas, the lowest, at 2.5%, was calculated in sections 19 and 20. Section 2 showed the highest DI at 16.7%. The first results of the analysis of the causes for the invasion of naturalized plants on the riverside and waterways, and physical factors and maintenance are directly affected. Second, sewage, muddy water and sediment deposits this naturalized plant caused by a chemical factor. Third, it is thought that invasive alien plants are irregular as it happens in biological factor. The proposed management plan naturalized plants, the first, disturbance caused by species management is a young object is removed immediately before flowering scape to eliminate or suppress the propagation of physical methods will be needed. Second, the fact that the national spread of native plant species and planting management does not provide space for the growth is very important. Third, agricultural land is disturbed by agricultural practices by interfering with the action of naturalized plants because the source of the river should be prohibited in agriculture. In the future, if we studied the naturalized plants distributed in restored streams located in Changwon-si, the characteristics of change in the ecosystem impact is expected to be beneficial.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2013

Relationships among climate changes, early frost, and fruit growth were studied during the final month to harvest of late-maturing 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to assess the changes in fruit characteristics during this critical period. The heavy frost on Nov. 16 defoliated more than 70% of the leaves, but with little damage on the fruits. However, all the leaves were defoliated by the heavy frost on Nov. 20, and all the fruits were cold-damaged by $-3.3^{\circ}C$ on Nov. 21. Fruit weight increased by 8-25 g per week from Oct. 25 (142 days after full bloom) to Nov. 15, reaching to 250 g, but it decreased by 3-4 g per week after the frost. Hunter a value of fruit skin gradually increased until the last harvest on Nov. 29 with a temporary halt in early Nov. when temperature was high, whereas fruit firmness rapidly decreased after the frost on Nov. 21. Fruit soluble solids were $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$ for the final month. When some branches were covered with non-woven fabrics to avoid direct contact with frost, the fruits on the branches were not visually damaged by the low temperature although 40-60% of their leaves were defoliated on Nov. 16. However, low temperature on Nov. 20 and 21 defoliated all the leaves, causing cold damage on the fruits. There was a highly significant correlation between the fruit diameter and its weight ($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91). So, the regression equations could be used to estimate weight from diameter of the fruits sampled from the branches with the non-woven fabrics. The calculated fruit weight reached to a maximum of 240 g on Nov. 15. Daily increases in fruit weight were 1.1-2.5 g from Oct. 25 to 31, 1.9-3.5 g from Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, and 1.4-1.6 g from Nov. 7 to 12. However, fruit weight decreased by 0.3-1 g per day after the cold damage on Nov. 21. The results indicate that the most appropriate harvest time could be dependent on relationship of fruit growth to climate.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.3 s.74
• /
• pp.285-301
• /
• 1999

There is a need for more accurate prediction in surgical orthodontic treatment. Video imaging is an important technology in planning orthognathic surgery and educating patients about the esthetic results after treatment. Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalogram of 30 patients who had one piece Le Fort I osteotomy advancement and mandibular set back by bilateral intraoral vertical ramal osteotomy with or without genioplasty were used in this study. The computer generated soft tissue line drawing prediction were compared with the actual postoperative cephalograms .The results are as follows. 1. 14 variables showed Statistically significant differences from 24 variables between computer predicted profile and post operative profile 2. Most of the differences were found in the maxilla-related soft tissue landmarks. 3. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had small amount of mandibular set back. 4. The predicted results were more accurate in the groups who had no genioplasty. Most of these differences were within 2mm ranges. Therefore profile change prediction by video imaging could be considered clinically acceptable.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.469-475
• /
• 2022

As the recent structure construction is constructed as a large-scale and deep underground excavation in close proximity to the building, the installation of retaining wall and supporters (Struts) has become complicated, and the number of supporters to avoid interference of the structural slab has increased. This construction process becomes a factor that causes an increase in construction joints of a structure, leakage and an increase in wall cracks. In addition, this reduced the durability and workability of the structure and led to an increase in the construction period. This study planned to dismantle the two struts simultaneously as a plan to reduce the construction joints, and corrected the earth pressure by assuming the reaction force value by the initial earth pressure and the measured data as the response ratio. After recalculating the corrected earth pressure through the iterative trial method, it was verified by numerical analysis that simultaneous disassembly of the two struts was possible. As a result of numerical analysis applying the final corrected earth pressure, the measured value for the design reaction force was found to be up to 197%. It was analyzed that this was due to the effect of grouting on the ground and some underestimation of the ground characteristics during design. Based on the result of calculating the corrected earth pressure in consideration of the response ratio performed in this study, it was proved analytically that the improvement of the brace dismantling process is possible. In addition, it was considered that the overall construction period could be shortened by reducing cracks due to leakage and improving workability by reducing construction joints. However, to apply the proposed method of this study, it is judged that sufficient estimations are necessary as there are differences in ground conditions, temporary facilities, and reinforcement methods for each site.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.143-157
• /
• 2023

This study confirmed the characteristics of macrobenthic community due to anthropogenic environmental changes in the Boryeong Jugyo tidal flat, where the habitat of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and mud shrimp (Upogebia major) is separated. The total number of occurring species was 55 during the study period with an average habitat density of 338 ind./m² and a biomass of 212.2 gWWt/m². The number of occuring species increased from 27 species at the upper flat to 37 species at the lower flat, and the dominant species differed by tide levels (Upper: Leonnates persica, Middle: Heteromastus filiformis, Lower: R. philippinarum). The macro-benthic community sturctures of the top 10 species using cluster analysis and nMDS were divided into two groups, focusing on Manila clam culture farm of lower flats and middle flats with high habitat density, reflecting the influence of specific species. The sediment composition of the U. major habitat space fluctuated highly, but it was maintained annually, and the sorting coefficient was 2.1 𝜑, and the proportion of the same particle size was increased. In particular, because the middle flat has a dense anthropogenic impact, a dominant species, H. filiformis dominated and revealed a relationship with the density of burrow holes of U. major, which is considered to be a biological interaction between these two macrofauna in this tidal flat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.381-390
• /
• 2008

Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exercise and cholesterol diet on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, erythrocyte Na efflux and liver index such as GOT and GPT using Sprague Dawley rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups and fed control or 0.5% cholesterol diet with and without treadmill for six weeks. The final body weight of group fed cholesterol diet with exercise was somewhat decreased compared with group fed cholesterol diet without exercise. L.W/B.W ratio was significantly increased in groups fed cholesterol diet (p < 0.01), but exercise tended to decrease this ratio. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased in groups fed cholesterol diet (p < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride was significantly decreased in groups fed cholesterol diet compared with groups fed control diet (p < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride of groups with exercise was significantly decreased compared with their non exercising counterparts regardless diet (p < 0.05). Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride was significantly increased in groups fed cholesterol diet (p < 0.01), but exercise did not affect on these levels. Na-K ATPase was somewhat decreased in groups fed cholesterol diet, and exercise tended to recover the reduced Na-K ATPase. Na passive transport was significantly decreased in group fed control diet without exercise and significantly increased in group fed cholesterol diet with exercise, there were significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences in total Na efflux and intracellular Na among groups, and total Na efflux was not correlated with intracellular Na. Hematocrit was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in group fed cholesterol diet without exercise compared with other groups. Platelet aggregation in the initial slope and the maximum was increased in groups fed cholesterol diet, but not statistically significant. Exercise especially increased the initial slope of aggregation. Plasma GOT and GPT was significantly increased in groups fed cholesterol diet (p < 0.01), and exercise in group fed cholesterol diet significantly decreased both GOT and GPT compared with the non exercising counterpart (p < 0.01). This study showed that cholesterol diet increases plasma and liver lipids and GOT and GPT, and exercise improves plasma and liver lipid profile and liver index of GOT and GPT preventing fatty liver.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to analyze the physical attributes of the faces and affective words on the fares. For analyzing physical attributes inside of a face, 36 facial features were selected and almost of them were the lengths or distance values. For analyzing facial contour 14 points were selected and the lengths from nose-end to them were measured. The values of these features except ratio values normalized by facial vortical length or facial horizontal length because the face size of each person is different. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and four major factors were extracted: 'facial contour' component, 'vortical length of eye' component, 'facial width' component, 'eyebrow region' component. We supposed the five-dimensional imaginary space of faces using factor scores of PCA, and selected representative faces evenly in this space. On the other hand, the affective words on faces were collected from magazines and through surveys. The factor analysis and multidimensional scaling method were performed and two orthogonal dimensions for the affections on faces were suggested: babyish-mature and sharp-soft.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1975

The cultivation of ginseng plant (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) in Korea as an eminent medicinal herb may be traced far back in history. However, the practices in cultivation have not much improved in terms of efficiency and scientific farming. In the present study some experiments were undertaken for the search of the soil and nutrition conditions, because of the nutritional requirement of ginseng plant shaws quite unique compared with other crops. In both the seed bed and the field 'Yakto' has been traditionally employed or the prime source of nutrition of the crop. Yakto is a complex matter prepared from raw foliage of the broad-leaved trees as the main portion with the admixture of a variety of organic nitrogen source through fermentative processes. The composition of Yakto may be classified coarsely into the decomposed and undecomposed substances, the former being further fractionated according their solubilities, comprising also various colloidal matters whose composition and structure are yet to be known. The Yakto-fractions were subjected to analyze for search of its nature and coarse composition in terms of the distribution of nitrogen, contents of organic functional groups such as -COOH, phenolic-OH, alcholic-OH and methoxyl and hydrolysable sugars. Furthermore, absorption-spectra of each fraction were determined in visible and infrared region and compared the results each other.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.896-904
• /
• 2010

HACCP is a scientific and systematic program that identifies specific hazards and gives measurements in order to control them and ensure the safety of foods. Transportation of livestock and its products is one of the vulnerable sectors regarding food safety in Korea, as meats are transported by truck in the form of a carcass or packaged meat in a box. HACCP application and its acceleration of distribution, in particular transportation, are regarded as important to providing consumers with ultimately safe livestock products. To achieve this goal, practical tools for HACCP application should be developed. Supply chain management (SCM) is a holistic and strategic approach to demand, operations, procurement, and logistics process management. SCM has been beneficially applied to several industries, notably in vehicle manufacture and the retail trade. HACCP-based real-time visibility system using wireless application (WAP) of the livestock distribution is centralized management system that enables control of temperature and HACCP management in real-time for livestock transportation. Therefore, the application of HACCP to livestock distribution (transportation, storage, and sale) can be activated. Using this system, HACCP management can be made easier, and distribution of safe livestock products can be achieved.