• The Mathematical Education
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.521-537
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• 2022

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, interrupted, and changed the way we normally prepare our teacher candidates in teacher preparation programs. In this paper, we, two mathematics teacher educators (MTEs), reflect our own experiences in appropriating, transforming, reconstructing, and modifying our pedagogies of teacher education in making a transition from face-to-face to online environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a collaborative self-study, we discussed issues, challenges, changes, opportunities, and innovations of teaching an elementary mathematics methods course in the online environment. Using a constant comparison method, we explored the following three themes: (1) using virtual manipulatives; (2) creating collaborative, interactive, and shared learning experiences for preservice teachers; and (3) making preservice teachers engaged in student thinking. These findings indicated that online teaching requires transformative knowledge for teacher educators. Transferring face-to-face to online is not a simple matter of putting the existing content to online; it should focus on pedagogical improvement in teaching mathematics rather than technology's sake or how it can be repurposed in a new online environment in a way that students' learning is optimized. The findings of this study provide implications for unpacking MTEs' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), creating collaborative learning experiences for preservice teachers, and designing a collaborative self-study between MTEs engaged in the community of professional learning.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.217-233
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• 2020

This study evaluated the urban vitality of Daegu metropolitan city in 2018 using emerging geographic data such as spatial big data, Wi-Fi AP(access points) and nighttime light satellite image. The emerging geographic data were used in this research to quantify human activities in the city more directly at various spatial and temporal scales. Three spatial big data such as mobile phone data, credit card data and public transport smart card data were employed to reflect social, economic and mobility aspects of urban vitality while public Wi-Fi AP and nighttime light satellite image were included to consider virtual and physical aspects of the urban vitality. With PCA (Principal Component Analysis), five indicators were integrated and transformed to the urban vitality index at census output area by temporal slots. Results show that five clusters with high urban vitality were identified around downtown Daegu, Daegu bank intersection and Beomeo intersection, Seongseo, Dongdaegu station and Chilgok 3 district. Further, the results unveil that the urban vitality index was varied over the same urban space by temporal slots. This study provides the possibility for the integrated use of spatial big data, Wi-Fi AP and nighttime light satellite image as proxy for measuring urban vitality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.915-922
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• 2020

This study analyzed the content of use Tendency and addiction according to smartphone use of targeting radiological Technologist working in Gyeongnam area. The tool used as the data for the study is a survey. From April 21 to May 31, 2019, a total of 330 questionnaires were distributed to radiological Technologist working at medical institutions in Gyeongnam, and 300 copies suitable for the study were SPSS/PC Ver 18.0 program for Analysis was performed using. The factors of the study subject's tendency to use smartphone were communication, information, leisure, and convenience. As for the addiction factors, a total of 37 questions were analyzed, including daily living disorder, virtual world orientation, tolerance, and withdrawal. Smartphone-related characteristics were set as monthly average fee, usage time, and SNS usage time, and technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis were performed. The radiological Technologist tendency to use smartphones was 3.10±.55 points, which was average, and smartphone addiction was 2.34±.62 points, which was lower than the average. It was found that there was a significant correlation between the radiological Technologist Tendency to use smartphone and addiction. The effect of radiological Technologist tendency to use smartphone on addiction it was found to account for 10.8%. Through this study, it can be said that it is important to analyze the addiction factors according to the tendency use smartphone of radiological Technologist and to prepare a desirable plan for smartphone use.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2021

In the remodeling projects, clients without architectural expertise have limitations in presenting requirements accurately. In some cases, designers and contractors may not recognize their demands exactly, and deliver final products that are different from the clients' intentions. 3D modeling visualizing final products in previous has been regarded as a solution to enhance understanding and communication. However, this approach has the limitation that the final results are presented as a virtual outputs. In the remodeling project, an alternative, mixed-reality, is likely to reinforce the reality as it enables to present remain structure and the parts to be built together. This paper examines the mixed reality as a solution to support decision making of clients and practitioners in remodeling projects. The examinations is conducted in high-rise office remodeling projects by means of action-research. Clients and practitioners, overview product models presented in the format of 2D drawings, BIM and mixed reality asked to evaluate the effectiveness of each methods in 12 standards. The results have shown that mixed reality has improved the sense of reality, making it easier to predict results, but recognizing patterns is difficult in some areas such as the floor, and it caused dizziness.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.973-979
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• 2020

This study aims to objectively and quantitatively determine the social emotion of empathy by collecting pupillary response. 52 subjects (26 men and 26 women) voluntarily participated in the experiment. After the measurement of the reference of 30 seconds, the experiment was divided into the task of imitation and spontaneously self-expression. The two subjects were interacted through facial expressions, and the pupil images were recorded. The pupil data was processed through binarization and circular edge detection algorithm, and outlier detection and removal technique was used to reject eye-blinking. The pupil size according to the empathy was confirmed for statistical significance with test of normality and independent sample t-test. Statistical analysis results, the pupil size was significantly different between empathy (M ± SD = 0.050 ± 1.817)) and non-empathy (M ± SD = 1.659 ± 1.514) condition (t(92) = -4.629, p = 0.000). The rule of empathy according to the pupil size was defined through discriminant analysis, and the rule was verified (Estimation accuracy: 75%) new 12 subjects (6 men and 6 women, mean age ± SD = 22.84 ± 1.57 years). The method proposed in this study is non-contact camera technology and is expected to be utilized in various virtual reality with smart glasses.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2021

As the distribution of 3D content such as augmented reality and virtual reality increases, the importance of real-time computer animation technology is increasing. However, the computer animation process consists mostly of manual or marker-attaching motion capture, which requires a very long time for experienced professionals to obtain realistic images. To solve these problems, animation production systems and algorithms based on deep learning model and sensors have recently emerged. Thus, in this paper, we study four methods of implementing natural human movement in deep learning model and kinect camera-based animation production systems. Each method is chosen considering its environmental characteristics and accuracy. The first method uses a Kinect camera. The second method uses a Kinect camera and a calibration algorithm. The third method uses deep learning model. The fourth method uses deep learning model and kinect. Experiments with the proposed method showed that the fourth method of deep learning model and using the Kinect simultaneously showed the best results compared to other methods.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.293-313
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• 2009

A general sequence of moral instruction in elementary school is advanced to understanding of contents, application of understanding, reflection of application. The understanding of contents as first stage of instruction is related with abstract moral concepts. A model of concept analysis as one of the moral instruction models could be applied to understand on abstract moral concept. We can find rationale of that model from the 'analysis of concept' that is proposed by John Wilson. His 'analysis of concept' is thinking technique based on informal logics of ordinal language. These technique is constituted of 'Isolating questions of concept', 'Right answers', 'Model cases', 'Contrary cases', 'Related cases', 'Borderline cases', 'Invented cases', 'Social context', 'Underlying anxiety', 'Practical results', 'Results in language'. And these techniques could be categorized some of stages like finding a concept for analysis, finding a cases for understanding, concerning on the contexts about using context, concerning on the verification of defined concept. But it has difficulties that directly applicate these stages and technique to elementary school students. For instruction in elementary school, teacher should be translated these terms about each stages and technique to terms suited for students. And it is good for students that these activity can inspire students' interests. In this thesis, I'm trying to translate original terms about concept analysis technique to terms that elementary school students can understand. And then, I'm intending to propose of moral instruction method about truth telling as a example.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.241-265
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• 2014

This paper looked at the existing situation and the uniqueness of the Hasu(河西) kim Inhu(金麟厚)'s collection of works. As a result, The first edition includes a piece missing in the second edition. For the title of the same work, the second edition differs from the third edition. And in the third edition, The missing piece is found through the annual report. This research found the performance that were found missing pieces. But I did not review for that depth meaning, and postpone it to a later date.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.585-600
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• 2012

Security issues in online games are increasing as the online game industry grows. Real money trading (RMT) by online game users has become a security issue in several countries including Korea because RMT is related to criminal activities such as money laundering or tax evasion. RMT-related activities are done by professional work forces, namely gold-farmers, and many of them employ the automated program, bot, to gain cyber asset in a quick and efficient way. Online game companies try to prevent the activities of gold-farmers using game bots detection algorithm and block their accounts or IP addresses. However, game bot detection algorithm can detect a part of gold-farmer's network and IP address blocking also can be detoured easily by using the virtual private server or IP spoofing. In this paper, we propose a method to detect gold-farmer groups by analyzing their connection patterns to the online game servers, particularly information on their routing and source locations. We verified that the proposed method can reveal gold-farmers' group effectively by analyzing real data from the famous MMORPG.

• Trans-
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• v.10
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• pp.73-113
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• 2021

Previous studies show that VR images can influence consumers' attitudes and behaviors by evoking imagination. In this study, we introduce a reality-based closed-loop 3D image (hereafter Virtualgraph). Then we try to see whether such image would increase evocativeness in a mobile commerce environment and whether higher telepresence of the visual image of a product can increase the purchase intention of that product. In order to find the above, we developed a model comprised of constructs containing telepresence, perceived value price, perceived food quality, and vividness of visual imagery questionnaire (VVIQ). We used Virtualgraph application to conduct an experiment, and then conducted an interview as well as a survey. As results of the experiment, survey and interview, we found the followings. First, users evoke imagination better with Virtualgraph than with still images. Second, increased evocativeness affects purchase intention if the perceived quality of fresh food product is satif actory. Third, increased evocativeness makes users value products higher and do even much higher when the perceived quality of fresh food product is good. From the interview, we could find that the experimental group had higher purchase intentions and perceived products as more expensive ones. Also, they perceived images of products clearer and more vivid than did the control group. We also discuss the strategic implications of using Virtualgraph in mobile shopping malls.