• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 가사노동의 책임이 취업여성들의 임금수준에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 연구하기 위해 가사노동의 책임이 거의 없는 미혼여성과 가사노동의 책임이 큰 기혼여 성사이의 취업성향과 임금수준을 비교분석하였다 미국의 NLS Young Women 데이터를 이 용하여 평균과 표준편차 및 백분율을 구하였고 Probit 분석과 최소자승법에 의한 희귀분석 을 SAS Program을 이용하여 분석하였다 가사노동책임관련변인은 기.미혼여성의 지속적인 전일제 근무자가 될 가능성에 별로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다 회귀분석결과 결혼 여부나 가사노동의 책임등은 임긍에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았고 인적자본관련변인은 임금 에 긍적적인 효과가 있었으며 직업차별화변인은 여성지배직종에 근무하는 여성의 임금을 낮 추는 것으로 나타났다 본 연구결과 가사노동책임으로 인하여 기혼여성이 미혼여성보다 취업 하는 비율이 낮기는 하지만 그것을 취업주부의 임금이 낮아야하는 원인으로 보기에는 어렵 고 직업차별화가 여성들의 저임금의 이유일수있음을 알수 있다 따라서 여성 스스로 여성지 배직종을 선택하는지 그리고 그러한 결정에 의하여 낮은 임금을 받는지에 대새허는 후속연 구가 필요하리라 본다.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.213-217
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• 1998

한국의 음악을 처음 국악이라고 쓰게 된 것은 1907년부터이다. 이는 국악이 나라의 음악이라는 뜻으로 1907년 조선조 고종 말경에 관직제도를 개혁하면서 궁중아악의 책임 관리자를 "국악사장"이라는 직제를 두면서부터 우리나라의 정통음악을 국악이라고 표기하게 되었다. 원래 우리의 전통음악은 궁중과 사대부를 중심으로 행하여 졌던 정악과 일반서민의 음악이었던 속악으로 나누어졌으며 기타 특수한 종교음악이나 현대에 와서 작곡.된 신국악곡들도 국악의 범주에 속했다. 이러한 국악에서는 가곡, 가사, 시조, 판소리, 민요, 범패(불교음악) 등이 있었는데 여기에서 한국 현대 작곡가에 의해 우리말로 된 작곡이라 하더라도 서양식 작곡법에 따라 작곡된 오페라나 가곡 같은 음악은 전통음악인 국악에 포함시키지 않았기 때문에 오늘날 우리의 음악인 국악과 양악이 구분되고 있다. (중략)

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-208
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• 2013

In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die vergleichende Betrachtung von deutschen Urteilen OLG Munchen, Urt. v. 21. 4. 2011 - Az. 1 U 2363/10; BGH, Urt. v. 22. 5. 2012 - VI ZR 157/11) und einer Reihe von koreanischen Urteilen im Bereich des Arzthaftungsrechts. Sie behandelt die Kausalitat von Tatbestand und Rechtswidrigkeitszusammenhang in der normativen Haftungszurechung. In Korea gilt die sog. Adaquanztheorie noch entscheidend als bewertendes Zurechnungskriterium - sogar manchmal als umgangssprachliches Homonym im Sinne der Verh$\ddot{a}$ltnism$\ddot{a}{\ss}$igkeit angewendet -, die dogmengeschichtlich von Deutschland $\ddot{o}$bernommen wurde. Doch wie aus den deutschen Urteilen ersichtlich, ist sie dort schon $\ddot{u}$berwunden. Die Ergebnisse der betrffenden koreanischen Urteile sind zwar nicht unbillig, deren Urteilsbegrundungen aber theoretisch bzw. praktisch nicht $\ddot{u}$berzeugend. Nach allgemeiner Ansicht kommt es vielmehr auf den Schutzzweck an, der auch bei der Anwendung des ${\S}$ 393 KBGB gelten kann. Schlie${\ss}$lich wurde die $\ddot{U}$bertragung des praxisgerechten L$\ddot{o}$sungsansatzes in deutschen Urteilen auf rechtsvergleichende Weise dazu beitragen, die Zivilrechtspraxis in der koreanischen Justiz nachvollziehbarer machen.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Health Medical Act contains the reponsibility of Nation about People's Right and Obligation and aim at promoting health and welfare of People. The old age officially means time when Health is weakened. To complete the social security it is on the one hand necessary to provide an elaborate system of coordination in the field of social security. It should be pursued on policy. Medical benefits should be comparatively analysed to have implications for the national legislation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2648-2653
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• 2010

Three books of home economics were published in Korea 1907 and approved as textbooks for women's education by Korean government from 1908 to 1910 and by the Choseon Government-General from 1912 to 1914. The textbooks contained modern knowledge about housing which was focused on hygine matters and most systematic among the knowledge of that time. The original book of the three was Sinsen Gajunhak(新選家政學) by Shimoda Yutako published in Japan 1990 after her surveying western home economics knowledge. It means the modern housing knowledge educated in Korea around 1910 was affected by Western modern thinking in home economics field that gave the responsibility of housing cleanness for family members' health to housewives. So the knowledge even made the educated women to practice their learning only as wives, which was still traditional.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.23 no.3 s.126
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• pp.44-50
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• 1984

한국여성은 전통적으로 대가족제도 속에서 육아 및 가사활동에만 종사해왔다. 그러나 산업화 및 사회구조의 변화로 여성들도 교육의 기회를 갖게 되었으며 전통적인 역할 수행에 대한 가치변화와 함께 여성의 사회적 역할을 필요로 하게 되었다. 반면에 가족 형태가 핵가족화 함으로서 가족 내에서의 자녀양육을 비롯한 가정적 역할이 더욱 중요시 되게 되었다. 오늘날 한국사회는 여성에게 현재의 사회구조와 핵가족 속에서는 시간적으로 동시에 수행할 수 없는 두 가지 상반된 역할을 강조하고 있는 것이다. 이러한 상반된 역할사이에서는 여성은 갈등과 좌절감을 느끼게 되며 이중적인 부담 속에서 생활하게 되었다. 본 원고에서는 전통적인 한국의 가족가치관을 살펴보고 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할을 살펴보고 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할을 살펴보고자 한다. 전통적 가족가치관과 여성-우리나라의 전통적 가족은 부계 중심의 혈연 계승을 중요시하는 가부장적 대가족제도라 할 수 있다. 따라서 부계 계승을 통한 가족의 영속성과 가 중심사상에 기반을 둔 철저한 가족주의적 가치관이 전통적 사회를 지배하여 왔다. 그러므로 자연히 개인보다 가족집단이 우의적인 지위에 있을 뿐만 아니라 모든 행동의 결정에도 중요한 준거 집단이 되었다. 이러한 가의 영속 및 번영을 가장 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 많은 자녀를 필요로 했으며 부계중심 가족에서 자연히 남아 선호사상이 강할 수밖에 없었으며 이것은 조상에 대한 의무요 책임이라 생각했다. 이러한 가부장권의 확대에 반비례해서 가정 내에서 여성의 지위와 역할은 축소되어갔다. 여성들의 절대적인 예속을 필요로 하여 삼종지도니 칠거지악이니 불경이부등의 도덕률을 만들었으며 여성들 스스로가 이러한 정절과 복종을 미덕으로 생각하도록 교육받음으로서 여성들 자신이 자기희생의 굴레 속에서 인내와 복종의 생활을 운명처럼 받아들이게 되었으며 남편과 자식을 위해서는 목숨까지도 희생하게끔 철저히 사회화되었던 것이다. 그러나 가족 제도 안에서의 남녀의 지위는 동위 항렬 내에서만 해당되고 항렬을 달리할 때는 삼종지도의 이론에 부합된다. 어머니로서의 존장련이 인정되어서 가정 내에서의 여성의 종속적인 지위에 비하여 모의 권한은 절대적이었다. 상례와 제례에서 어머니와 아버지에 대한 의식에는 차이가 없으며 내외 명부제도에 의해서 부인도 남편과 똑같은 대우를 받도록 되어있다. 이러한 존장련에 의한 모의 권리와 더불어 부부유별에 의해서 가사권의 독자적인 결정권도 인정되고 있었다. 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할- 전통적으로 건강관리에 관련된 한국여성의 역할은 1. 씨받이로서의 역할로 생명을 잉태하도록 돕고 건강한 아이의 수태를 위해 태교에 힘썼으며 2. 자녀의 의식주를 해결하는 가사 역할만을 담당하는 전통적인 여성의 역할만을 수행하였으며 출산한 생명을 건강하게 자라도록 건강관리를 철저히 하였으나 체계적인 건강관리는 되지 못하였으며 특히 식생활에 유의하였으나 정서, 사회면은 도외시 한 과잉보호현상이었다. 3. 결혼 후에는 남편의 건강관리를 위해 철저하였으며 특히 식생활에 유의하였고 정서적으로 부담을 주지 않도록 유념하였다. 4. 또한, 임종시 평안한 죽음을 맞도록 도왔다. 전통적으로 한국여성의 역할은 돕는 역할이었다.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.102-117
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• 2021

Higher vocational education in China has already achieved commendable results as a transition from rudimentary development to high-quality development after more than 40 years of development. After reform and opening up, our country's Institute of Higher Vocational Education has transported a large amount of high-quality technical and technical talents to each field. Higher vocational education is an indispensable part of China's education system, and is an important competency for cultivating "high quality", "practical" and "functional" talents, making a huge contribution to the economic and social development. At the same time, the employment stress of workers with relatively low skills, such as peasant workers, domestic veterans, and retired workers, is increasing. Against this background, higher education is essential to guide and support national policies in order to solve the unemployment problem and provide strong human resource guarantees to society. Higher vocational education policy not only highlights the characteristics of the times unique to the development of higher vocational education in China, but also reflects the trajectory of changes in higher vocational education. Not only is it related to the scientific development of higher vocational education, but it also deals with whether higher vocational education can foster high-quality human resources. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the change process of higher vocational education policy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-834
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• 2007

This study attempts to elucidate manifold dimensions of gendered accessibility experiences. How gender roles(household responsibilities) differentiate accessibility experiences between women and men is explored through the comparison of married dual-earner couples' parental status, using the US Portland activity-travel diary dataset with GIS-based geocomputation results of(time-geography based) space-time accessibility. First, this study shows how gender division of labor within the household still permeates current society, despite the widespread belief of the social change toward a gender-egalitarian society. Then, the study pays special attention to the way gender roles structure individual accessibility experiences of women and men differently, and, in turn, the way such accessibility experiences take a form of gendered spatiality. Gendered spatiality is examined through the analysis of accessibility space as well as activity space in order to ascertain women's home-attached and spatially entrapped characteristics. More household responsibilities throughout a day and, even more, the time constraint of picking up children at the daycare centers after work lead women's possible activity space to be more home-centered. The analysis of the spatio-temporal context of accessibility space makes gendered spatiality visible. However, the findings suggest that behavioral outcomes should be understood with an explicit awareness of constraints individuals face. It is because the revealed activity spaces can be not only an outcome of constraint but also an outcome of choice. Behavioral outcomes should not be treated as a straightforward expression of the level of constraints. It is problematic to expect that behavioral outcomes directly mirror the level of constraints. It is also problematic to suppose that the level of constraints can be straightforwardly elicited from revealed behavioral outcomes.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-44
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• 1996

Wornen's lahor market participation as well as the policy concern for wider utilization of married women, have continuously grown up. However, research efforts on the determinants of women's labor market participation, in the context of the relationship hetween life courses and active entry into lahor market, has been far behind the growing interest in this field. This study has conducted an event histoiry analysis of women's labor market transition utilizing personal occupational history data collected by the Korea Institute for Women's Development in 1991. The analysis is divided into tow parts: First part introduces logit regression to analyze the determinants of women's labor market participation and exit. The second part employs Cox regression to see the variation of transition rate between employment and non-employment. The result shows that there is a wide variation in women's labor market participation according to age, cohort, and family formation. Special note is needed for the significantly negative effect of marriage and child birth on labor market participation. The transition pattern of lower class women with less education fits well to the prediction of neo-classical economics; but the tendency of highly educated women's regression to non-employment reveals the strong influence of the unfavorable labor market structure, which can be better explained by the neo-structuralist perspective. There is a strong trade-off between productive and reproductive labor of women, which can only be corrected by strong policy implementation, such as extended child care facilities, abolition of discriminatory employment practices, and expansion of flexible part-time employment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.201-221
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• 2003

This paper aims to examine whether there are significant differences in various aspects of a household's arrangements by type of employment of married woman; 1) the extent of the division of labor, 2) the authority of decision making, and 3) financial and expenditure responsibilities. It also investigates the determinants of gender equality in the family. Based on data collected in the fall of 2002 from a representative sample of the Korean population, this study finds that nonstandard employment of married woman including temporary work and daily basis work does not contribute to gender equality within the household, although most of nonstandard employees are full-time workers. However, standard employment of married woman contribute to gender equality in the family. The results of this study show that husbands whose wives are standard-employed are more likely to take part in housework chores that are female-dominated, and standardly employed wives are more likely than non-standardly employed or housewives to take part in the household's financial and expenditure responsibilities. Standardly employed wives also have more power in decision making process within households. On the contrary, non-standardly employed wives gain no advantage over housewives within their families, due to lack of bargaining resources that enable them to affect the household's arrangements. Thus, they have confronted additional burdens, which stem from carrying the dual role of doing house work as well as paid work. Such increasing work-family conflict may bring about disruption of family. Therefore, this study maintains that it is high time that government-level efforts should be made in order to improve the status of irregularly employed wives in the workplace.