• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.136-150
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• 2017

This study analyzed the spatial change of urban green spaces in Daegu from 1989 to 2009 using cell based spatial metrics. To do so, the conversion process of land covers during the past 20 years was explored using a land cover change detection matrix. The synoptic analysis with a moving window sampling strategy was conducted to quantify cell based spatial metrics related to size, shape, cohesion, and diversity and to explain the spatial change at the local level. Difference maps were then generated by subtracting the 1989 maps of spatial metrics from the 1998 maps and the 1998 maps from the 2009 maps. The gradient analysis was performed to identify the directional change of spatial metrics along an urban development axis in Daegu. The results from this study show that urban green spaces in Daegu during the past 20 years have been gradually fragmented around the new town housing development districts such as Dalseong-gun, Seongseo, and Ansim. Forests were most prominently fragmented in the Hwawon area while most rapidly in the Chilgok area. Grasslands were largely fragmented in many areas due to the decrease in size and cohesion indices and most fragmented in the Ansim area. The spatial pattern of the decreased and fragmented urban green spaces identified by this study can be used as a base data for establishing the environment-friendly urban development strategy in Daegu.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.343-356
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• 2009

SCS method was applied to make the assessments of direct runoff according to land use changes in Jeju island. Land uses were obtained from 5 year-period remote sensing time series data from 1975 to 2000 which are provided by Water Management Information System (WAMIS). Hydrologic soil groups were categorized based on soil series of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), and permeable geologic structures such as Sumgol, Gotzawal and so on. The land uses of Jeju island are obviously characterized by urban-agricultural areas increases, and forest areas decrease. According to land use changes, curve number (CN) for Jeju island was consistently increased from 65.3 in 1975 to 69.6 in 2000. From 1975 to 2000, the amount of direct runoff and ratios increased due to CN changes. When the rainfall data in 1995 was applied to each year, the direct runoff amounts were $299.0{\sim}351.6\;mm$, and runoff ratios were $15.1{\sim}17.7%$. In the case of the application of the rainfall data in 2000, the direct runoff amounts were $136.9{\sim}161.5\;mm$, and runoff ratios were $9.7{\sim}11.5%$. Since direct runoff can be closely related to groundwater recharge and sustainable groundwater yield, the groundwater influence caused by land use changes or district exploitations should be considered for the reasonable water management and development in Jeju island.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2011

This research present actual conditions on realization about safety of observable individual and country, terror countermeasure from danger of terrorism which special guards have. To achieve these purposes, 400 special guards were sampled using the convenience sampling method and collected data through questionnaire from self-administration method. the collected data are in statistics of p<.05 levels. As the result, we drew following conclusions. Special guards thought that terror might occur most in 'aircraft, rapid-transit railway, subway, and bus'. It was no difference in society demography(p>.05). In type of terror, 'bomb terror' seemed to happen most, and they recognized that biochemistry terror and factor terror, and hostage terror may happen in society demography. Purpose of terror was thought that 'political purpose' may be the biggest, and 'ideological purpose' and 'social purpose' joined the remainder. According to society demography, woman's realization about terror was higher than man in two low variables. According to age, image of terror was high in 40 more than 20. According to educational background, university graduate were higher than a high-school diploma in two low variables. According to place of work, metropolis was higher than small and medium-sized city.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.250-262
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• 2014

This study was carried out from March 2013 to July 2014 with the aim of examining folk plants used in Jeollabuk-do Province. The analysis of 885 surveys collected from 59 residents of 11 cities and counties shows that a total of 154 taxa composed of 137 genera, 140 species, 2 subspecies and 12 varieties belonging to 66 families are currently used in the province. Regionally, Wanju had the greatest variety with 135 taxa, followed by Gochang with 128, Muju with 104, and Jinan with 103. In terms of their use, the plants were most frequently used as food and medicine, with 112 taxa of edible, 62 taxa of medicine, 4 taxa of ornamental, 3 taxa of dye, 3 taxa of oil, 1 taxa of aroma, 1 taxa of sap, 1 taxa of spice, and 9 taxa of miscellaneous use. Regarding plant parts, leaves were used most often, followed by fruits, stems and roots. The coincidence degree between the standard names of plants and their local names was the highest in Muju at 59.4%, followed by Wanju at 51.8%, Buan at 51.0%, Gochang at 50.4% and Jinan at 46.3%. The information on how to use folk plants was almost always orally transmitted.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

For high-quality colored rice production, the cultivation environment is a critical factor. The major environmental factor is temperature, which includes the accumulated and average temperature during vegetative and reproductive stages. Generally, during the cultivation period, the temperature can be controlled by shifting the transplanting date. This study was carried out to determine the optimum transplanting date for high-quality red-colored rice production. Four red-colored rice varieties (Jeokjinju, Jeokjinjuchal, Hongjinju, and Gunganghongmi) were used as test materials. The transplanting dates were May 20 and June 5, 20, and 30 in 2015~2016. The most variable factor controlled by the transplanting date was the grain filling rate. The varieties transplanted on June 30 showed low yields owing to the decrease in the grain filling rate. In contrast, the polyphenol content increased with increasing delay in the transplanting date. Collectively, these two results indicate that the optimum transplanting date was June 20. The average temperature for 30 days after the heading date (30DAH) highly affected the polyphenol content. A lower temperature during the 30DAH induced higher polyphenol contents but also caused low yield. The optimum 30DAH temperature for obtaining a higher yield and polyphenol content was $22{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. Using the average 30DAH and accumulated temperatures, the optimum transplanting date was calculated as June 18 to 24 in Miryang region. The optimum transplanting date of Kyeungsangnamdo region was approximately mid-June to early July, and that of Kyeungsangbukdo region was approximately early to mid-June.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2002

Near the Gapcheon, a new suburban city will be developed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, and a intracity highway will be constructed by Daejeon Metropolitan City. By these new plans, rapid disruption of environmental conditions near the Gapcheon will be anticipated. The new construction of the city and highway will raise a problem of environmental pollution and disruption of natural status of this area, and will have an adverse influence to environment of the Dunsan area and an industrial complex which are located at the downstream of the Gapcheon. This re-search was conducted on the Gapcheon area, Daejeon (Gasuwongyo to Wonchongyo) from August, 2001 to June, 2002 years. Microorganisms of Gapcheon are three forms, 17 varieties, 105 species, 58 geneva, 31 families, and totalled 125 taxa. And zooidal micro-organisms, one varieties, 16 species, 12 genera, eight families, and totalled 17 taxa. Hydrogen ion concentration of the stream is ranged from 7.10 to 9.98 with great variation, especially high below bridges of Gasuwongyo and Mannyeongyo. The clean water quality of the stream is still maintained very well due to dense distribution of diverse aqua-tic and swamp plants. Furthermore, species diversity of microorganisms in the stream does help to purify the quality of water, and to keep the health of the Gapcheon as natural. More environmentally controlled and continuous efforts to keep the Gapcheon in a natural status and to purify the quality of water should be made by Daejeon Metropolitan City Officials who ave now spending about 6G,5()0 million won for overall conservation plans of the stream (from 1999 to 2003 years).

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

River corridors facilitate dispersal and movement and prevent local extinction of species. As a result of stream restoration projects, which include installation of waterfront and flood control structures, the number of animals, which rely on river corridor, is decreasing. For the study, factors affecting fish assembly were extracted by a species distribution model with the fish data collected from the Seom River in Hoengseong County and City of Wonju, Ganwon Province, Korea between March to October 2013. The riparian connectivity was assessed using species richness and rarity. According to result of the field survey, there were 38 species and 7,061 individuals for fish. The analysis suggests the following. Firstly, factors affecting fish richness in species distribution model results are shown to be velocity, riffle, riparian width, and water width. The accuracy of the model proves to be suitable with the correlation coefficient of 0.83 and MAPE of 19.2%. Secondly, the low rarity area is shown to be straight streams in Jeon river near to Hongseong County and the high rarity area to be streams with large width, existing alluvial area at channel junction between Jeon river and Seom river. Thirdly, according to connectivity results, areas where weirs are installed or riparian buffer area is removed showed low connectivity. The areas where farmland near riparian and forest areas showed high connectivity. The results of this study can be utilized to improve current facilities and enhance connectivity as a restoration guide.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.681-686
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• 1998

Effect of glucose feeding strategy and initial concentration of glucose on Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 in high cell density fed-batch fermentation was investigated. The final biomasses in batch, constant feeding, constant and exponentially feeding strategy at glucose starvation condition in fed-batch were 1.40, 5,07, 6,93 and 7.60 g/L at 40, 41, 24 and 40 hrs, respectively. Productivities of biomass were 0.035, 0.124, 0.289 and 0.190 g/L$.$h, respectively. As a result, constant feeding strategy at starvation condition was 1.5∼8.6 times higher than other strategies. The relationship between dissolved oxygen and glucose feeding times was good identified in exponential feeding strategy and constant feeding strategy at starvation condition. And high cell density cultivation was obtained when minimal media was used.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.9-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to consider factors such as one's sight of viewing afar, expressional principles, and basic aesthetic category, which are treated importantly by the poets of the Joseon Dynasty era in appreciating nature. 'Afar' of the viewing afar is actual distance and aesthetic distance at the same time. Viewing afar is to find geographical features, depth, and details of a mountain, seeing the whole nature at a high place. Also, it can make possible escape from the external limitation of nature and get mental superiority and enhancement. Ultimately, viewing afar is to find out everlasting change of the nature and reason of natural creation. One's sight in viewing afar makes an appreciator's mind empty and calm, and it makes chance to harmonize human with nature. Viewing afar is to unite human nature to naturality beyond realistic value, idea, and artificiality. The mind from viewing afar has peacefulness and it is a state of serenity without any secular atmosphere. Viewing afar is an eye for beauty to leap toward an endless free state from narrow sight about objects. It rejects modification and technics in achieving an world of harmony. It means that objects should not be restrained by human's recognition. There are three expressions, which are high, horizontal, and transcendental viewing afar. The aesthetic category and beauty of peaceful mental state are realized by the expressions. The peaceful mental state makes peaceful mind from realistic conflicts and makes us experience a profound reason of nature.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.53-90
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• 2009

This study discusses the aspects of Korean-American Sjjo writers' consciousness of sijo and its significance, focusing primarily on the Sijo-Anthologies of Korean-American authors, "The Moon of the Desert" (1989), "The Dandelion of the Desert" (1994), and The Stars of the Desert" (1996) published by the Sijo Society of America. For this purpose, I thoroughly examined "Notes of Writing Sijo' attached to the authors' works and some other sijos added at the end of the paper. They started writing sijos quite early. Sijo has been recognized as a typical traditional genre of literature, and even foreigners came to write them in English. The following is the summary of the view on sijo propounded by Korean-American authors. Firstly, they follow traditional view on the theory of sijo in terms of its nature and utility, and at the same time they emphasize the utility of katharsis through self expressions. Secondly, their recognition of the value of sijo boils down to its formal patterns. Lastly, they develop the idea of national literature through their significance of writing sijos. They think that they can contribute to the development of national literature as well as the expression of patriotism through writing sijos. Therefore, they recognize themselves as spreaders of Korean culture to the local residents, and as the main stream enhancing the status of Korean culture through the competition with other nations.