• CHINESE LITERATURE
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• v.96
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

悼亡诗是個用诗歌形式来悼念先亡夫妻的一種文学艺术样式。 中国悼亡诗有很悠久的来源, 先秦以前在《诗经》中已经出现了悼念死亡的诗歌, 其悼念的对象各不同。 但在汉代以前的诗歌中, 除了汉武帝的《秋风辞》, 《李夫人歌》, 《落叶哀蝉曲》以外, 难以找到类似悼亡诗的诗, 真正的悼亡诗可以说到西晋孙楚《除妇服诗》, 番岳《悼亡诗》3首以后才开始。 魏晋南北朝悼亡诗形式和叙述方式上的主要特點是, 一, 写出寂寞荒凉的居处和墓地。 二, 写出亡者的遗物。 三, 组诗的趋势。 这样敍述方式表明魏晋南北朝悼亡诗的对於汉代的繼承。 唐宋悼亡诗只不繼承前代的典型, 而再加上自己时代的固有特色。 一, 赞美亡妻的美貌和品德。 二, 写留下的子女。 三, 写梦境的方式。 明清时期悼亡诗在诗人和作品数量方面有了起飞的发展, 繼承了以前时期悼亡诗的典型, 只止於沿袭魏晋南北朝和唐宋时期传统, 在风格和敍述方式上没做出自己时代的固有特色。 这成为明清悼亡诗堕落了缺少真情的例行性悼念诗的主要原因。 明清时期悼亡诗的主要特點是, 一, 典型性和例行性的强化。 二, 没有写子女。 三, 女性悼亡诗人的增加和悼亡诗范围的扩大。

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.45-54
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• 2001

This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for prospective forest-road project and forest-road network arrangement through appraising existing forest-road network with density, extension distance, maximum yarding distance and yarding area, position of forest-road line considered above foundation of two theories, one is "theory of optimal forest-road density" which has expense for yarding cost and constructing forest-road minimized, the other is "theory of optimal forest-road arrangement" which has investment effect maximized. The results are as follows. 1. In density and extension distance of the forest-road by site, it was showed up that density of existing forest-road is lower than that of calculated forest-road. So, it is thought that some additional forest-roads have to be constructed. 2. In the arrangement of the forest-road network by site, it was showed up that the arrangement of calculated forest-road is higher than that of existing forest-road arrangement for the forestry and yarding function. So, it is thought that the arrangement of forest-road network have to be considered to maximize the investment effect. 3. In "mean maximum distance for yarding" and "mean area which yarding can be done" by horizontal and inclined distance, the existing forest-road networks were different from those of calculated forest-road network. So, calculated forest-road network making investment effect maximize is more effective than existing forest-road network. Hence, in prospective forest-road project, it is needed that forest-road network having "area which yarding can be done" maximized through considering function for yarding have to be constructed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.94-106
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• 2022

In order to increase timber self-sufficiency, Korea's 6th Basic Forest Plan aims to increase the density of forest roads to 12.8 m ha^-1 by 2037. However, due to rapid re-forestation, current management infrastructure is insufficient, with just 4.8 m ha^-1 of forest roads in 2017. This is partly due to time and cost limitations on the process of forest road feasibility evaluation, which considers factors such as topography and forest conditions. To solve this problem, we propose an eco-friendly and efficient forest road network planning method using a geographic information system (GIS), which can evaluate a potential road site remotely based on spatial information. To facilitate such planning, this study identifies forest road construction priorities that can be evaluated using spatial information, such as topography, forest type and forest disasters. A method of predicting the optimal route to connect a forest road with existing roads is also derived. Overlapping analysis was performed using GIS-MCE (which combines GIS with multi-criteria evaluation), targeting the areas of Cheongsong-gun and Buk-gu, Pohang-si, which have a low forest-road density. Each factor affecting the suitability of a proposed new forest road site was assigned a cost, creating a cost surface that facilitates prioritization for each forest type. The forest path's optimal route was then derived using least-cost path analysis. The results of this process were 30 forestry site recommendations in Cheongsong-gun and one in Buk-gu, Pohang-si; this would increase forest road density for the managed forest sites in Cheongsong-gun from 1.58 m ha^-1 to 2.55 m ha^-1. This evaluation method can contribute to the policy of increasing timber self-sufficiency by providing clear guidelines for selecting forest road construction sites and predicting optimal connections to the existing road network.