• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.401-402
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• 2010

This research initially suggest flexural toughness density as a key parameter describing energy absorption capacity of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites [HPFRCC] regardless of the size of specimen. Two types of high strength steel fibers, Hooked and Twisted fiber, were used in two types of flexural specimen ($100{\times}100{\times}350mm^3$ and $150{\times}150{\times}500mm^3$) to estimate and validate the flexural toughness density.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2003

Enumeration of the primes with difference 4 between consecutive primes, is counted up to 5${\times}$10$\^$10/, yielding the counting function ,r2,4(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = l18905303. The sum of reciprocals of primes with gap 4 between consecutive primes is computed B$_4$(5 ${\times}$ 10$\^$10/) = 1.1970s4473029 and B$_4$ = 1.197054 ${\pm}$ 7 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-6/. And Enumeration of the primes with difference 6 between consecutive primes, is counted up to 5${\times}$10$\^$10/, yielding the counting function $\pi$$\_$2.6/(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = 215868063. The sum of reciprocals of primes with gap 6 between consecutive primes is computed B$\_$6/(5${\times}$10$\^$10/) = 0.93087506039231 and B$\_$6/ = 1.135835 ${\pm}$ 1.2${\times}$10$\^$-6/.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.677-683
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• 1999

Gamdutang aqua-acupuncture solution (GAS), Gamdutang water-extracted solution (GWS) and Dae-Gamdutang aqua-acupuncture solution (DGAS) were prepared and tested for antitumor activities. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of 5 $\times$ and 10$\times$ of GAS resulted in more than 70% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7 and A549. GAS at concentrations of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$ revealed more than 60% inhibition in HeLa. GWS showed more than 50% inhibition of growth with EATC and HeLa at concentrations of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$, respectively. Toxicity assay with GWS in Hepa1c1c7 and A549 revealed that more than 80% inhibition of growth at the concentration of 5$\times$ and 10$\times$. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepa1c1c7, A549, HeLa with GAS.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1998

The geometric structure of dimer atoms on clean Si(001) surface was studied using CAICISS. We confirmed that dimer atoms were certainly buckled, and also found that asymmetry (2$\times$1) and c(4$\times$2) were coexisted. The intradimer bond length and the buckling angle of a dimer measured by CAICISS system were 2.3$\pm$0.1 $\AA$ and 18$\pm$$1^{\circ}$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.153-156
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• 1998

JPEG은 정지 영상의 압축 표준으로 8$\times$8 블록을 기반으로 DCT 변환을 한 후 양자화 및 엔트로피 부호화 과정을 통해 압축이 이루어진다. DCT는 이미지를 공간 영역에서 주파수 영역으로 변환하는 기법으로 대체로 저주파 성분은 저주파 성분끼리, 고주파 성분은 고주파 성분끼리 모아준다. 이러한 형태는 필요 없는 성분들을 쉽게 제거할 수 있어 압축이 효율적으로 이루어지도록 한다. 블록 기반의 압축 기법을 적용할 때 흔히 나타나는 문제점은 블록 기반으로 인해 발생하는 블？킹 현상으로서 이는 양자화로 인한 정보의 손실에서 비롯되며 그 기본이 되는 8$\times$8 블록 단위로 나타난다. 본 연구세어서는 작은 블록 단위를 16$\times$16의 매크로블록으로 확대한 개념을 이용하여 매크로 블록 내의 수직 및 수평 방향으로 1:2단위로 샘플링한 4개의 8$\times$8블록 간의 블록킹 경계로 없애 주도록 하고자 한다. 또한 16$\times$16의 DCT 블록 대신 16$\times$16 블록내의 8$\times$8 블록들을 이용함으로써 표준 기법에서 이용되는 8$\times$8 단위의 양자화 테이블이나 RLE기법 등을 그대로 적용할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.66-69
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a progressive transmission of a video using a 2$\times$2$\times$2 DCT First of all, the video data is transformed into multiresolution represented video data using a 2$\times$2$\times$2 DCT. Then. it is represented by a 3-D EZT(Embedded Zero Tree) coding fur the progressive transmission with a bit-rate scalability. The proposed progressive transmission algorithm needs much less computations and buffer memories than the higher-order convolution based wavelet filter. Also, since the 2$\times$2$\times$2 DCT requires independent local computations, parallel processing can be applied.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1968

Present investigation was carried out in order to make clear the fertility, morphological characters, and chromosome numbers of interspecific hybrids of Chrysanthemum Zauadskii, C. indicum, and C. lavandulaefolium. 1. Hybrids were not self-pollinated. When sib-crossed the fertility was 1.3~19.3%. 2. F2 individuals were variable in their morphological Characters. 3. Chromosome numbers of three putative parents were different from those reported previously: C. zawadskii 2n=36, C. indicum 2n=20, C. lavandulaefolium 2n=16, $C. indicum{\times}C. zawadskii 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-1 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-2 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-3 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-4 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-5 2n=28, C. zawadskii {\times}C. lavandulaefolium-1 2n=26, C. zawadskii{\times}C. lavandulaefolium-2 2n=26.$

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2001

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of packaging units and loading types in agricultural products(apple, pear, and sweet persimmon) palletization. In apple and pear packaging, an optimum loading type was pin wheel loading, and load effective corrugated box dimension was $330{\times}220{\times}170mmm(L{\times}W{\times}H)$ in 5 and 10kg packaging units, but in case of pear box was 10mm higher than apple box. However, in sweet persimmon packaging, block loading was available, and box dimension of $365{\times}275{\times}180mm(L{\times}W{\times}H)$ was the most effective to palletize.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1976

A series of physical oceanographic investigations of the circulation in the Kwang Bay' were carried out seven times from May 1974 to May 1975 every other month. The average water transports through the southern entrance of the' Kwang Yang Bay were approximately $1,014{\times}I0^6m^3$/half-tide in ebb current and $278{\times}10^6m^3$$405.6{\times}I0^6m^34/half-tide in ebb current, and $282{\times}10^6m^3 $/half-tide in flood current, at the maximum current intensity. The water from Seomjin River flows into the bay at an annual average rate of $84{\times}I0^6m^3$/half-tide, the rate being fluctuated from month to month from $6.0\times}10^6m^3 $to $11. 5{\times}I0^6m^3 $per half-tide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

The active transport characteristics of $K^+$ and $Na^+$ pumping system of cell membrane model which irradiated by high energy x-ray(linac 6MeV) was investigated. The cell membrane model used in this experiment was a $Na^+$ type sulfonated copolymerized membrane of styrene and divinylbenezene. The initial flux of the ion was increased with increase of both $H^+$ ion concentration. In this experiment range(pH 1.5-5, temperature $36.5^{\circ}C$), the initial flux of $K^+$ which was not irradiated by radiation was found to be from $2.09{\times}10^{-4}$ to $1.32{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$ and that of $Na^+$ from $7.09{\times}10^{-4}$ to $1.09{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$. the initial flux of $K^+$ which was irradiated by radiation was found to be from $21.0{\times}10^{-4}$ to $16.7{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$ and that of $Na^+$ from $62.0{\times}10^{-4}$ to $20.6{\times}10^{-3}mole/cm^2{\cdot}h$. The ratio $K^+$/$Na^+$ of membrane was about 1.10. And the driving force of pH of irradiated membrane was significantly increased about 9-20 times than membrane which was not irradiated. As active transport of $K^+$ and $Na^+$ of cell membrane model were abnormal, cell damages were appeared at cell.