• 제목/요약/키워드: \delta$)-ideal

검색결과 73건 처리시간 0.031초

14 비트 분해능을 갖는 2차 Sigma-Delta 변조기 설계를 위한 구성요소의 최대에러 허용 범위 조사 (Investigation of miximum permitted error limits for second order sigma-delta modulator with 14-bit resolution)

  • 조병욱;최평;손병기
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.1310-1318
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    • 1998
  • 저주파의 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하기 위해 sigma-delta 아날로그-디지털 변환기의 이용이 용이하다. 이 변환기는 변조기와 디지털 필터로 구성되는데 여기에서는 변조기에 대해 언급한다. 14비트 분해능을 갖는 2차 sigma-delta 변조기를 설계하기 위한 변조기의 구성요소 즉 연산 증폭기, 적분기, 내부 ADC 및 DAC의 최대 허용 에러 범위를 규정하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 이상적인 변조기를 모델링하고 다음으로 변조기의 성능을 저하시키는 여러 가지 에러 요인 즉 연산증폭기의 최대 출력 제한, DC 이득, slew rate, 축전기의 불일치에 의한 적분기 이득 에러와 내부 ADC 및 DAC의 에러 등을 이상적인 모델에 적용하여 성능을 검증하였다. 이러한 에러 허용 범위에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 sigma-delta 변조기 설계 시 요구되는 구성 요소의 사양을 결정 할 수 있으며, 제조과정에서 나타나는 에러 성분에 대한 한계를 규정하여 최종 제작될 변조기의 성능을 확신 할 수 있다.

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ON PRIME AND SEMIPRIME RINGS WITH PERMUTING 3-DERIVATIONS

  • Jung, Yong-Soo;Park, Kyoo-Hong
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.789-794
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    • 2007
  • Let R be a 3-torsion free semiprime ring and let I be a nonzero two-sided ideal of R. Suppose that there exists a permuting 3-derivation ${\Delta}:R{\times}R{\times}R{\rightarrow}R$ such that the trace is centralizing on I. Then the trace of ${\Delta}$ is commuting on I. In particular, if R is a 3!-torsion free prime ring and ${\Delta}$ is nonzero under the same condition, then R is commutative.

순수 물에서 CPC/Brij 35 혼합계면활성제의 미셀화에 대한 연구 (Study on the Micellization of CPC/Brij 35 Mixed Surfactant Systems in Water)

  • 길한내;이병환
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.118-124
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    • 2009
  • CPC(1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride)와 Brij 35(polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether)의 혼합계면 활성제의 미셀화에 대한 임계미셀농도(CMC)와 반대이온 결합상수값(B)을 순수 물에서 CPC의 겉 보기몰분율(${\alpha}_1$)의 함수로서 전도도법으로 측정하였다. 이와 같이 측정한 CMC값에 비이상적 혼합 미셀 모델을 적용함으로써 여러 가지 열역학적 함수값($(X_i,\;{\gamma}_i,\;C_i,\;a_{i}^{M},\;{\beta}$${\Delta}H_{mix})$을 계산하고 분 석하였다. 또한 온도에 따른 CMC값의 변화로부터 CPC/Brij 35 혼합계면활성제의 미셀화에 대한 열역학 함수값(${\Delta}{G^o}_m,\;{\Delta}{H^o}_m$${\Delta}{S^o}_m)$)을 계산하였다. 그 결과, ${\Delta}{G^o}_m$값은 모두 음의 값을 나타내었지 만, ${\Delta}{H^o}_m$${\Delta}{S^o}_m$의 값은 측정한 온도와 ${\alpha}_1$의 값에 따라 음 혹은 양의 값을 나타내었다.

HESITANT FUZZY BI-IDEALS IN SEMIGROUPS

  • JUN, YOUNG BAE;LEE, KYOUNG JA;SONG, SEOK-ZUN
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.143-154
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    • 2015
  • Characterizations of hesitant fuzzy left (right) ideals are considered. The notion of hesitant fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between hesitant fuzzy generalized bi-ideals and hesitant fuzzy semigroups are discussed, and characterizations of (hesitant fuzzy) generalized bi-ideals and hesitant fuzzy bi-ideals are considered. Given a hesitant fuzzy set $\mathcal{H}$ on a semigroup S, hesitant fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals generated by $\mathcal{H}$ are established.

Sigma-Delta STAP의 시뮬레이션과 시험 결과 비교 (Comparison Between Simulation and Test Result of Sigma-Delta STAP)

  • 권보준
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.457-463
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    • 2018
  • 이 논문에서는 실제 레이다를 이용하여 획득한 신호와 시뮬레이션으로 획득한 신호에 ${\Sigma}{\Delta}-STAP$ 알고리즘을 적용하여 비교하였다. 시험은 무반향 챔버에서 모의신호 발생장치를 이용한 표적 신호와 신호발생기를 이용한 클러터 신호를 레이다로 수신하여 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션은 시험과 동일한 레이다 파라미터에 이상적인 기저대역 신호 모델링을 통하여 수행하였다. 비교 결과, ${\Sigma}{\Delta}-STAP$ 처리된 거리-도플러 맵은 표적 신호의 형태나 잡음 수준이 시뮬레이션과 시험 결과가 거의 유사하였다. SINR 손실의 경우, 두 결과가 비슷한 양상을 보이나, 시뮬레이션 결과가 1~2 dB 가량 높은 값을 보였다. 이를 통하여 일반적인 레이다 신호 시뮬레이션을 수행하여도 실제 시험 결과와 유사한 ${\Sigma}{\Delta}-STAP$ 처리 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous/urea solution at various temperatures

  • Hoque, Md. Anamul;Mahbub, Shamim;Rub, Malik Abdul;Rana, Shahed;Khan, Mohammed Abdullah
    • Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    • 제35권11호
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    • pp.2269-2282
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    • 2018
  • Mixed micelle formation behavior of cationic surfactant-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous as well as in urea medium from 303.15 K to 323.15 K at 5 K interval was carried out by conductometric method. The differences between the experimental values of critical micelle concentrations (cmc) and ideal critical micelle concentrations ($cmc^{id}$) illustrate the interaction between the amphiphiles studied. The values of micellar mole fraction ($X_1^{Rub}$ (Rubingh), $X_1^M$ (Motomura), $X_1^{Rod}$ (Rodenas) and $X_1^{id}$(ideal) of surfactant CTAB determined by different proposed models and outcome indicate high involvement of CTAB in SDS-CTAB mixed micellization, which enhance by means of the augment of mole fraction of CTAB. The negative value of interaction parameter (${\beta}$) showed an attractive interaction involving CTAB and SDS. Activity coefficients were less than unity in all case, which also reveals the presence of interaction between CTAB & SDS. The negative ${\Delta}G^0_m$ values imply the spontaneous mixed micellization phenomenon. The attained values of ${\Delta}H^0_m$ were positive at inferior temperature, while negative at superior temperature. The negative ${\Delta}H^0_m$ values in urea ($NH_2CONH_2$) medium illustrate exothermic micellization process. The magnitudes of ${\Delta}S^0_m$ were positive in almost all cases. The excess free energy of mixed micelle formation (${\Delta}G_{ex}$) was found to be negative, which indicates the stability of mixed micelle as compared to the individual's components micelles.

ASYMPTOTIC FUNCTIONS

  • Ahn, Sung-Hun
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we improve some of results in [2] by showing that if I is a cnacellation ideal and if J is a regular ideal then $\alpha$(m), $\beta$(m) and $\delta$(m), behave nicely under localization. We prove that lim \ulcorner=0 if and only if $\alpha$(m) is eventually constant and that lim\ulcorner exists and is equal to or less than $\alpha$(1). Finally we give several conditions which are equivalent to $lim_{m{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\frac{{\alpha}(m)}{m}}=0$.

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NOTES ON SYMMETRIC SKEW n-DERIVATION IN RINGS

  • Koc, Emine;Rehman, Nadeem ur
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.1113-1121
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    • 2018
  • Let R be a prime ring (or semiprime ring) with center Z(R), I a nonzero ideal of R, T an automorphism of $R,S:R^n{\rightarrow}R$ be a symmetric skew n-derivation associated with the automorphism T and ${\Delta}$ is the trace of S. In this paper, we shall prove that S($x_1,{\ldots},x_n$) = 0 for all $x_1,{\ldots},x_n{\in}R$ if any one of the following holds: i) ${\Delta}(x)=0$, ii) [${\Delta}(x),T(x)]=0$ for all $x{\in}I$. Moreover, we prove that if $[{\Delta}(x),T(x)]{\in}Z(R)$ for all $x{\in}I$, then R is a commutative ring.

Theoretical Study of Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions

  • Han, In-Suk;Kim, Chan-Kyung;Lee, Hai-Whang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.889-893
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    • 2011
  • The energetics and transition state (TS) structures of the reactions of six substrates, $R_1R_2P$(=O or S)Cl-type where $R_1=R_2$=Me and/or MeO, with ammonia in acetonitrile are theoretically investigated at the level of CPCM-MP2/6-31+G(d) and CPCM-MP2/6-311+G(3df,2p). The degrees of distortion of TS from the ideal trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate, ${\Delta}{{\delta}}_{{\neq}b}$ for a backside and ${\Delta}{{\delta}}_{{\neq}f}$ for a frontside attack, are calculated. The results of calculation suggest that the feasibility of a frontside attack for P=S is greater than that for P=O system when the two ligands, $R_1$ and $R_2$, becomes larger. The experimental and calculated results of anilinolyses of $R_1R_2P$(=O or S)Cl-type show the consistent tendencies.

김해지역 상동광상산 견운모의 광물화학 및 안전동위원소 조성 (Mineral Chemistry and Stable Isotope Composition of Sericite from the Sangdong Sericite Mine in the Kimhae Area)

  • 김종대;문희수;김생금;김인준
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.275-282
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    • 1992
  • Mineral chemistry and stable isotope compositions of sericites from the Sangdong mine in the Kimhae area, Kyungsangnamdo, were studied. The Sangdong sericite deposit occurs in rhyolitic tuff of late Cretaceous age and considers to have been fonned by the hydrothennal alteration. The sericites are classified as $2M_1$ polytype and are characterized by less celadonite substitution indicating muscovite-phengite series. Their compositions are very close to that of the ideal muscovite but net layer charge ranges 1.71~1.91 which is less than 2 per formula unit of ideal muscovite. Predominant interlayer cation is K and K/(K+Na) ratio ranges 0.91 and 0.93. ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of sericites and quartz separated from the ore range 7.70~9.07 and 8.20~10.87‰, respectively. The formation temperature of sericite can be estimated as $315{\sim}340^{\circ}C$( based on ${\delta}^{18}O$ value of sericite and ${\delta}D$ value of of Cretaceous meteoric water. Their formation temperature discrepancy between coexisting sericite and quartz indicates that they are in isotopically inequilibrium. Two types of quartz, coarse grained phenocrysts and micrcrystalline aggregates are observed and the former must have been formed during volcanic eruption and remained isotopically unexchanged during hydrothermal alteration period. ${\delta}^{14}S$ values of pyrites range 1.9~4.5‰ which is within a range of volcanogenic sulfur, indicating magmatic source.

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