• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.43-61
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• 1981

Interest in the Quality of working life is spreading rapidly and the phrase has entered the popular vocabulary. That this should be so is probably due in large measure to changes in the values of society, nowadays accelerated as never before by the concerns and demands of younger people. But however topical the concept has become, there is very little agreement on its definition. Rather, the term appears to have become a kind of depository for a variety of sometimes contradictory meanings attributed to it by different groups. A list of all the elements it if held to cover would include availability and security of employment, adaquate income, safe and pleasant physical working conditions, reasonable hours of work, equitable treatment and democracy in the workplace, the possibility of self-development, control over one's work, a sense of pride in craftsmanship or product, wider career choices, and flexibility in matters such as the time of starting work, the number of working days in the week, Job sharing and so on altogether an array that encompasses a variety of traditional aspirations and many new ones reflecting the entry into the post industrial era. The term "quality of working life" was introduced by professor Louis E. Davis and his colleagues in the late 1960s to call attention to the prevailing and needlessly poor quality of life at the workplace. In their usage it referred to the quality of the relationship between the worker and his working environment as a whole, and was intended to emphasize the human dimension so often forgotten among the technical and economic factors in job design. Treating workers as if they were elements or cogs in the production process is not only an affront to the dignity of human life, but is also a serious underestimation of the human capabilities needed to operate more advanced technologies. When tasks demand high levels of vigilence, technical problem-solving skills, self initiated behavior, and social and communication skills. it is imperative that our concepts of man be of requisite complexity. Our aim is not just to protect the worker's life and health but to give them an informal interest in their job and opportunity to express their views and exercise control over everything that affects their working life. Certainly, so far as his work is concerned, a man must feel better protected but he must also have a greater feeling of freedom and responsibility. Something parallel but wholly different if happening in Europe, industrial democracy. What has happened in Europe has been discrete, fixed, finalized, and legalized. Those developing centuries driving toward industrialization like R.O.K, shall have to bear in mind the human complexity in processing and designing the work and its environment. Increasing attention is needed to the contradiction between autocratic rule at the workplace and democratic rights in society.n society.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 2008

This study was to analyze characteristics of fish compositions and longitudinal distribution, based on trophic and tolerance guild at 22 sampling sites of Yeongsan River watershed during 2003$\sim$2006, and also to compare before and after the estuary dam construction. The collected fishes, based on catch per unit effort (CPUE), were 44 species in the watershed and dominant fishes were Zacco platypus, Acheilognathus macropeterus, Zacco temminckii and Carassius auratus. According to comparative analysis of fish in the non polluted sites (NPS) vs. polluted sites (PS), the number of species and individuals was lower by 70% in the PS than the NPS, indicating ecological degradations by chemical pollutions or/and habitat modifications. The relative abundance of sensitive and insectivore species decreased as the stream order increases, while tolerant and omnivore species increased with the stream order. In this survey, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which is a top-carnivore and exotic species, may influence trophic guild system throughout active predations on endemic species, resulting in modifications of ecological functions. The construction of estuary dam on Yeongsan River in 1981 resulted in wider lacustrine zone and desalinated through limitation of seawater input. These physical changes have caused increases of lentic dwelling species and limited fish migrations (i.e., eel). Overall, fish fauna and composition analyses showed that the number of species and individuals in this water body may be reduced due to inputs of pollutants from the watershed, habitat modifications, and increases of exotic species (largemouth bass). For these reasons, effective lake management strategies are required for the ecosystem conservation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1986

Korea is a rapidly industrializing nation. As a consequence, more mothers are working outside the home. This trend is likely to continue into the future and raises the problem of infant-toddler care during the mother's working hours. Considering that Korea is making such rapid economic advances, quality care for children of working mothers Is not only desirable but affordable as well. Variety in options for child care is recommended by Beck (1982). Some of the alternatives in child care have been discussed elsewhere (KWDI, 1984). This paper, thus, concentrated on center-based, worksite child care. Because the human environment is the most important aspect of the center, qualified staff and a low ratio of children per staff member is Vital. Philosophy of program and its actualization ensures that the children have a worthwhile experience at the center. The physical plant houses the center and includes provision for space, materials, and equipment for staff and child use in carrying out the program. Adequate health protection is a critical factor in infant-toddler group care programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.132-146
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to analyze the trends and content of all the research (171 research papers) published in the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing from 1994, when it began to 2000 using an objective tool developed by the researches, and to identify the direction for the future research in Fundamentals of Nursing. Method: Research published in the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing from 1994 were reviewed. Result: Most of research (94.2%) was non-degree based and funded research was very limited. The average number of researchers per research study was 2.2 and collaborative research has been gradually increasing. The total number of key words was 331 and the average was 2.6 per research. The major key words were not different from other nursing departments and included home care nursing (10 times), health promotion (8 times), self-care (7 times). self-efficacy (7 times), and homo-dialysis (6 times). Eighty seven percent of the research was quantitative research. and there were very few qualitative studies. Considering theory level, it was found that 40% were factor related research For study design, non-experimental studies were most frequent (66%), and the rate, especially of surveys, has remarkably decreased. Selection of subjects by convenience sampling, was most frequent and there were very few studies that provided the rationale for the calculation of sample size. The major subjects of study were patients (44.8%) with various diagnoses. The subjects usually gave oral consent to take part in that study. Giving information (46.9%) and exercise (26.5%) were common nursing interventions, and physiological indices (16.5%). vital signs (10.3%), physical functioning (8.2%), level of knowledge/skill (7.2%) and level of activity (6.2%) were frequently measured as outcome. Variables questionnaires were the major approach used to collect data, and 57.8% of the research provided the Cronbach alpha to guarantee internal consistency of study instruments. Data were analyzed with computerized statistical packages using, ANOVA (42.0%), T test(39.5%), and chi-square test. For the last seven years, nursing research in Fundamentals of Nursing has gradually improved in both quantify and quality. Conclusion: It was difficult to find any uniqueness or difference compared to other departments of nursing. In fact, because the history of the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing is rather short, we can expect that there will be further improvement in qualify and content in the future.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 2008

The purpose of Emergency Medical System(EMS) is what a patient returns to society with recovering mental tone in the shortest time as giving prompt and proper medical treatment to patient in emergency situation, and the Correctional Administration(CA) is purposed for the convict to return and settle down to society after release from prison in success as executing schooling, enlightenment activity, vocational training to convict who was quarantined from the society for the term of imprisonment. The EMS and CA will coincide each other which is reverting people to society in safety. This study aims to suggest the developmental program of EMS in correctional facilities through the cause of emergency situation, system, human resources, establishment, medical equipments, state of budget and the point issue for safety of victim who has many chances that is exposed to physical damage and disease because of particularity of lower culture in correctional facilities and the staff who works there. First, in the view of the correctional facility security system, a proper number of the emergency rescuers should be employed. Second, the effective transportation system along with some emergency medical equipment needs to be established. Third, the correctional officers and the prisoners should be learned the first-aid training which is realistic, practical and systematic. Fourth, the cooperative system should be established such as 1339 emergency medical information center in society. Fifth, the Ministry of Health and Welfare must increase EMS budget for correctional facilities.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2004

This study selected emergency medical technicians at 24 fire police boxes in Jeonnam in order to examine the relationship between job stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians. Data were collected from Apr. 10 to May 9, 2004, questionnaires were mailed and returned by mail. Total 109 questionnaires were distributed and 89 questionnaires were collected and 80 except 9 omitting answers and showing inappropriate answers were used for final analysis. The results of this study are as follows. A. The total mean of areas composing job stress in the degree of job stress of 119 emergency medical technicians was over the average as 2.54 (SD .44) of 4 full marks. According to the degree of job stress by each area, the highest area of job stress was crisis situation (2.98), followed by role conflict as professional job (2.58), social factors (2.57), involvement in organization (2.55). To the contrary, the areas of the lowest job stress were professional knowledge and technique (2.35), psychological burden of medical limitation (2.38), conflicts in personal relationship and services (2.45) and improper treatment (2.53). B. The degree of fatigue of 119 emergency medical technicians by areas was over mean as 2.09(SD .49) of 4 full scores and physical fatigue was highest (2.18), followed by mental fatigue (2.11) and neurosensory fatigue (1.99). C. The degree of job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians was 2.71 of 5 full scores and working condition area (3.70) showed the highest job satisfaction, followed by requirement of organization (2.85) and the lowest job satisfaction area was job itself (2.18), followed by desire for job (2.49). D. According to differences in demographical characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, there was no variable of statistical difference at job stress and job satisfaction in significance level .05, but fatigue showed statistical difference at final education (F=2.393, p=.046). E. According to differences related to job characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, job stress showed statistical differences at motif of current services (F=4.935, p=.003), fatigue showed those at health conditions (F=2.732, p=.008), job satisfaction at overtime (F=3.038, p.034) and the greatest reason of having job (F=3.217, p=.017), F. As a result of analyzing correlations between job stress. fatigue and job satisfaction of the subject, job stress showed positive correlations (r=.411, p=.000) with fatigue and negative correlation (r=-.267, p=.008) with job satisfaction. Fatigue showed negative correlation (r=-.287, p=.005) with job satisfaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study. "There will be relationship between degree of stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of subjects." was supported.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

The demands of residents can be predicted by analyzing the housing viewpoint of residents. And also, the housing viewpoint can change according to various environmental changes, so it's important for us to understand the trend of change. Therefore, the housing viewpoints of university students who will be subjective residents of houses in future were analyzed by observing change due to trend of time. Target for this study is female university students in 20s. A portion of previously presented material (Korean Home Economics Association 37,1, 67-78) was used as data for 1998 and a questionnaire with 171 female university students was conducted on December 2008 for data for 2008. The following result was drawn from examination of change in the housing viewpoint due to trend of time by comparing the housing viewpoint of university students between 1998 and 2008. First, importance of was decreased and importance of was increased in functions of residence. Second, regardless of the time passage, the most students thought and as their opinions on housing. And also, the most students considered a living room as the most important space inside of a house regardless of the time passage and the level of considering a living room as the most important space was more increased. Third, the level of consideration got higher with time in the selection of houses. , , , , , and had higher level of consideration regardless of time passage. Items of which level of consideration increased with time are , , , , , and , and items of which level of consideration decreased are and . Fourth, it can be understood that the level of satisfaction in housing got higher with time. And it can be said that , , , and were not increased in the level of satisfaction in housing compared with 10 years ago. Fifth, regardless of time passage, the level of satisfaction in housing was lower than the level of consideration in the event of selection of houses. As , , and had lower levels of satisfaction in the event of selection of houses compared with the levels of consideration, they have higher possibility of dissatisfaction in housing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

Objective : Purpose of this study is to study how Sensory Integration (SI) Intervention Program affect body-scheme and praxis ability of children with Developmental Disability (DD). Method : The SI intervention was programmed based on the theory of SI by Jean Ayres. Thirty children with DD underwent the SI program for six weeks. The effect of the SI intervention was evaluated in terms of body-scheme and praxis ability. Assessments used in this study are One-Point Imitation Test (OPIT) and 6 Body Puzzle Test (6BPT) for body-scheme; Praxis Test Sheet (PTS) for linguistic order, oral motor control, sequential praxis and Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) for postural praxis. Data of this study was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before- and after the SI intervention. Results : Results of this study are (1) in the OPIT, there is significant difference on body-scheme ability (p<0.01); (2) in the PTS, there is significant difference on all three items (p<0.01); and (3) in the SIPT, there is significant difference on sensory integration and praxis function. Conclusions : From the results, it is concluded that sensory integration intervention is effective on body-scheme and praxis functions for children with developmental disability.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.376-389
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to grasp the status of drug uses in college students, and to investigate the knowledge and attitude when they use it. We collected through questionnaires from Sep. 1 to Oct. 30 in 1999. The subjects were 490 college students in Seoul and northern of the Kyunggi-do. The data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 7.0) and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There was no correlation for all factors in the relationship between general characteristics of subjects and knowledge for drugs. On the contrary, in the relation of the general characteristics and attitude for drug of subjects, some factors are statistically significant e.g., department (F=3.049, p<.010), satisfaction for school life (F=6.167,p<.002), body shape(F=8.092, p<.000), and the relationship with ones parents (F=3.728, p<.005). 2. In the analysis of drug use status and knowledge, only in the factor of administration control was statistically significant(F=4.304, p<.014) and in the relation of attitude for drug uses, drug administration was statistically significant (F=4.521, p<.004). 3. In the mean scores for the drug knowledge analysis, the highest factor was 'A narcotic make deformed persons through poisoning of physical and mental' (M=4.14), the lowest factor was 'If catch the flu during the pregnancy, should be take drug as possible as quickly to reduce negative effect for fetal' (M=1.94). 4. In the analysis for drug attitude, the highest factor was 'A drug is alike a poison' (M=3.48), 'Should be keep the usage and dosage of drug' was the lowest (M=1.48). 5. From the investigation for status of drug use, it was revealed that the most subjects (73.6%) were purchase drugs after explain their symptoms to pharmacist. And they take drugs only when they felt painful in 43.1%. The most students (70.4%) were experienced control of drug administration. It was inquired that subjects were mainly obtained information about drugs from pharmacist and television (or radio) advertisement, 33.5% and 33.1%, respectively. In the examination for existence of long-term administrators in their family, 'none' and 'only parents' are 49.6% and 37.3%, respectively. When their parents have illness, the persons go to drugstore and hospital for heath-care, 47.8% and 44.3%, respectively. On the basis of results of this study, we suggest as follows. 1. This study was analyzed data from questionnaires for college students in a part of local areas, so we suggest that the next research should be perform for national-wide students as subjects to generalize the results. 2. It is need more intensive research methodologies such as interview and observation. 3. Additional research is required for knowledge and behaviors of drug uses that will how impact on ones health behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2017

This study was performed to analyze the relationship between the participative motivation and satisfaction of adolescents participating in Green Camp which was the field centered forest experience camp as analyzing the factor of the participative motivation and its influence on the satisfaction. Also, this study identified the changes in creative personality before and after participation to Green Camp. In results, there were five motivation factors: 'Adventure and Interest', 'Forest Activity', 'Improve Physical Health', 'Rest', 'Suggestion'. When respective factors were analyzed, the mean of 'Interest and adventure' was the highest at 4.303, and then 'Forest activity' at 4.287, 'Rest' at 3.970 followed. In the case of participant satisfaction, 'the teaching materials and tools of the camp' was the highest at 4.530, and then 'contents of the camp' at 4.410, 'lecture performer of the camp' at 4.229, 'the way of progress of the camp' at 4.036, 'the place of the camp' at 3.952, 'the passage time of the camp' at 3.843 followed. It showed that 'Forest activity' factor and satisfaction had a positive relationship (p<0.05). In addition, the means of creative personality before-and after-program participation increased from 3.687 to 3.773 (t=-2.218, p=0.029). Based on the analysis of satisfaction, this study suggested improvements of Green camp. Also, it proved that the participation Green camp had influence on the creative personality. The finding of this study is meaningful in that it proposed the necessity of activation forest education focusing on experience.