• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 1996

This study investigates the effect of instructional program using Nott & Wellington's" your nature of science profile" to facilitate the understanding about the nature of science for elementary preservice teachers. To do this. this study used posttest only control group design. The students in control group studied the topic by instructional program using textbook and reference book. Experimental group studied by instructional program: (1)evaluating personally one's understanding of the nature of science using Nott and Wellington's "your nature of science profile"; (2)studying the way of understanding the nature of science focusing five dimensions presented in it; (3)knowing other's understanding the nature of science; (4)discussing and evaluating reflectively the various aspect about it. Because the true understanding about the nature of science is not only to know about the method of science but also to know the target of science. We planned to evaluate the effect of instruction by such dichotomous way as evaluating simultaneously the understanding about the method of science and the target of science. Therefore the Questionnaire to evaluate the effect of instruction consisted two pairs of open-ended Questions: first pair is consisted of questions for the representation and judgement of scientific theory, second pair is consisted of questions for components and sources of scientific manipulation of the structure of science. The results of questionnaires by experimental group(n=75) and control group(n=77) are as follows: (1) Analysing responses about first pair of questions in dichotomous way, we identified four different patterns in students' understanding about scientific theory. And the instructional program using Nott & Wellington's "your nature of science profile" is not significantly effective in the distribution of patterns of understanding about scientific theory, but effective in driving out scientifically valid understanding, naturalistic realism, about scientific theory from the students having realistic aspect in representation of scientific theory; (2) Analysing responses about second pair of questions in dichotomous way, we identified five different patterns in students's understanding about structure of science. And the instructional program using Nott & Wellington's "your nature of science profile" is significantly effective in the distribution of patterns of understanding about structure of science, and effective in driving out scientifically valid understanding, dualistic-circular view or dualistic-circular view, about structure of science from the students having dualistic or dualistic aspect in components of structure of science.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.236-261
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• 2009

'Jeom-hyeol-gigong(點穴氣功)' gives a drill, Gi(氣) as a place to jam. This pathogen(邪氣) is removed. Given the low places and supplement it energy to flow up the well is the cure. This is an internal organ and muscular Gi allows a natural flow. Blood, one that moves and guides Gi is Gi I still feel that it makes any blood, making you feel good in life is flowing with vitality. Gi driving our whole body, while supplying vital energy and blood circulation, helping to defend the body is functioning. 'Jeom-hyeol-gigong' principle of Gi where the blockages to flow naturally energy is to let the flow. Aura of the voluntary and proactive action will be to have healthy bodies. Gi as a whole-body blood circulation leading to the cells in each tissue to supply energy and nutrients to every cell as the original principles of free activities that will maximize your life. Gi to prevent the three causes Internal causes: 5 greed and 7 emotions External causes: climate, food, pathogens, stress, etc. The internal nor the external causes: internal and external factors that cause the complex elements, incorrect position of the bone caused by an imbalance Heart disease will be police officers and raise their resistance to disease than the body, what jung-gi(正氣) have to develop. Beneficial to human body's resistance to raise the jung-gi people young-gi(營氣) and wi-gi(衛氣) should be enhanced. If the form is perfectly possible, Gi cycle itself should not have to breathe. Abdominal diagnosis 'bok-su-ap-an-beop(伏手壓按法)', 'sam-ji-tam-an-beop(三指探按法)' hands are like this, which outlined five viscera in order to understand the problem, the lower side of the clavicle (lung), the pit of stomach (Heart), both the lower ribs (liver), navel below (kidney) can be diagnosed at such areas. In each area of the skin, abdominal muscle tension, aching, or pressing a fuss about, beating the ruling of the state and the problem is a clue. And mo-hyeol(募穴) and certain Acupressure group, the chest, back, belly, so that scattered around each' book 'of the problem can be found. This is also the target of such a diagnosis, such as shape, color of skin, muscle Mostly the scope of the pitch in the cervical spine is broad across the hips. sugi(手氣) method that 'an method(按法) and 'ma method(摩法), bak method(拍法) is.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-164
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• 1981

"Jonkyongkak" which King, Sungjong of Yi dynasty established within Sungkyunkwan in 1475 is regarded as the first university library in Korea. On the basis of modern librarianship, however, it is desirable to recognize the fact that Keijo Imperial University Library is really the first university library in Korea. In this thesis, an attempt to study the Korean university libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. Keijo Imperial University Library is the key institution in this study. This study will focus to review the following facts: 1) the historical background of Keijo. Imperial University Library; 2) the organization and staffing pattern, and budget of this library; 3) the acquisition policy and basic collection development plan of this library; 4) the library and other services of this library including readers services; 5) the relationship with other private college libraries; and 6) the impact of this library on the present Seoul National University Library. The followings are the outlined conclusions: 1. Japanese Government had established Keijo Imperial University Library in order to perform the colonial education policy of Korean peninsula. Furthermore, it was one of the import supporting agencies for the research activities which were necessary for Japan to govern the Southeast Asia including Korean Peninsula 2. The organization and staffing size and pattern of this library are much below to those of modern university libraries. They are somewhat below to the level which is necessary to perform the minimum basic library functions. 3. The priorities of book collection of this library are 1) humanities and social sciences especially, materials on Law are much emphasized; 2) pure sciences and 3) technologies and agriculture. Therefore, the quantity of the materials on the field of technology and agriculture is very small. 4. The acquisition policies of this library are deeply influenced by the Japanese Government's colonial policy of Korean peninsula and her aggressive policy of Chinese Continent. 5. The major contribution of this library to the present Seoul National University Library is the transfer of 550,000 volumes of books and library building, but this building is now removed according to the transfer of Seoul National University Campus. 6. The staffing pattern of this library was, however, much ahead of that times. Especially, the facts that professional librarians were eligible to be appointed as the director of this library, and they had the faculty membership including faculty rank should be highly appreciated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.103-112
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• 2012

This paper is based on the perspective that the YTN Science, a science channel in Korea which plays a key role in the popularization of science, is suffering from low viewing ratings, insufficient content, and shortage of production. First, this study employs an exploratory method to identify current status of programming and operation of the Korean science channel along with its promotional strategy. Second, it aims to conduct an analysis on the science channels, specifically some major programs, of other nations including the U.S. (Discovery Channel, National Geographic Channel), United Kingdom (BBC Knowledge), Japan (Science Channel), and China (CCTV 10), seeking the possibility to apply and combine them afterward to the Korean TV channels specialized in science. A number of implications are derived from our diagnosis of present situation and analysis of abroad cases, and this helps us suggest the content development and promotional strategies as follows: First, due to the rising need for change in the programming strategy to enhance the value of the content, it is required to rearrange the programming in terms of the target audience and the viewer lifestyle, adopt a new strategy for building up the viewers' watching habit through 'stripping', and place strategic programs in prime-time. Second, as for the specific schemes of content production and application, it is recommended to establish a dual strategy in creating the content (one for conveying knowledge, the other for delivering fun), plan and use a representative character of the program, select scientific and technological topics with more Korean backgrounds, attempt strategic ties with SNS, deepen and diversify the material for programs, and implement a strategy to boost the OSMU. Finally, with regard to the promotional strategy, a constructive proposal may include raising channel awareness through science-related events and live broadcasting, performing promotional strategies by way of expanding to printed media like magazine and book publications, and intensifying online and mobile promotional strategy.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 2013

Chugugi and Wootaeck rainfall data of Gyeonggi Province from 1830 to 1893 were restored from the "Gaksadeungnok" that is the government records between the central government and the local during the Joseon Dynasty. The restored data periods were 27, 10, 9 and 14 years for Kwangju, Suwon, Ganghwa and Gaeseong, and the total number of restored data was 655 for the Chugugi and 427 for the Wootaek, respectively. The variation pattern of monthly rainfall by Chugugi was investigated and it showed that the monthly rainfall more than 300 mm was recorded 25 times with 18 times in July, 5 times in August and 3 times in June. The cases of more than 500 mm were also recorded 8 times with the maximum 787 mm at the Kwangju in July 1862, showing the similar pattern to Seoul. The monthly mean rainfall for the Gyeonggi Province were 259 mm in July, 204 mm in August and 121 mm in June, which were about one third of that of Seoul. The correlation analysis between the Chugugi and Wootaek data was carried out to derive the quantitative values of Wootaek observations. It revealed that 1 'Ri' of Wootaek observation was equal to approximately 1 'Chon (Chugugi unit)' or 20 mm, while 1 'Seo' was very variable between 2 and 6 'Boon (Chugugi unit)' with the median value approximately 3 'Boon' or 6 mm. Recalculated Wootaek data showed that the monthly rainfall in July, August, and June were 289 mm, 154 mm, and 124 mm, respectively. Through this study, some features of the rainfall variation pattern during 1830~1893 were figured out, and quantitative interpretation of Wootaek data became possible based on the restored rainfall data from the "Gaksadeungnok". Though many pages of the book have been lost during the last hundreds years, "Gaksadeungnok" is still very meaningful and of practical use, for it contains plenty of the local data throughout the whole country during the latter part of Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, further studies are strongly recommended on the restoration of climate related data and on the climatic tendency of 19th century of Korean peninsular.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1302-1308
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• 2005

Propose Cellular-IP/PRC network with united paging and Cellular IP special duality that use roof information administration cache to secure lake acceptance method in wireless Internet environment and QoS in lesser extent cell environment. When speech quality is secured considering increment of interference to receive in case of suppose that proposed acceptance method grooves base radio station capacity of transfer node is plenty, and moat of contiguity cell transfer node was accepted at groove base radio station with a blow, groove base radio station new trench lake acceptance method based on transmission of a message electric power estimate of transfer node be. Do it so that may apply composing PC(Paging Cache) and RC(Routing Cache) that was used to manage paging and router in radio Internet network in integral management and all nodes as one PRC(Paging Router Cache), and add hand off state machine in transfer node so that can manage hand off of transfer node and Roaming state efficiently, and studies so that achieve connection function at node. Analyze benevolent person who influence on telephone traffic in system environment and forecasts each link currency rank and imbalance degree, forecast most close and important lake interception probability and lake falling off probability, GoS(Grade of Service), efficiency of cell capacity in QoS because applies algorithm proposing based on algorithm use gun send-receive electric power that judge by looking downward link whether currency book was limited and accepts or intercept lake and handles and displays QoS performance improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.1
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• pp.101-117
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• 1977

This thesis is a study of the Simui(深衣) system which was a dress regulation peculiar to old China with skirt and coat. The origin of Simui is a very long time, that is, before Ju dynasty in China. Its wearing range had a large circle irrespective of rank and good or bad luck. This was a ordinary dress to the Emperor or the lords, a below court attire or a below sacrificial rites attire to the illustrious officials, and good luck dress to the common people. But this was a funeral rites attire or coming-of-age ceremony attire in domestic behaviour. In the times of Song dynasty, lots of confucian scholars had put on this simui because of Juhi's recommendation for domestic behaviour. This Simui had been put on through all the times of China and was the original text of all the dress. Especially the court attire and silkworm working dress of Empress, and the court attire and underwear court attire of Emperor is also made out of this Simui, therefore this is a origin of the ceremonial dress which formed into long coat. In Korea it is said that this Simui was brought in prior to the middle of Goryeo dynasty. But we can't tell the correct transmitted age. According to the following records in Goryeo History, "King had put on the Simui as a sacrificial rite attire in the times of Yejong". It is sure that this Simui was brought in prior to the times of Yejong. In fact, lots of confucian scholars had put on the Simui since the introduction of confucianism in the end of Goryeo dynasty and after that time this was taken by many confucian scholars through Yi dynasty. Korean Simui system was complied with Chinese system through confucian domestic behaviour, This was respected for court dress of confucian scholars, as it were, Chumri, (an ordinary dress of scholars), Nansam (a uniform of upper student), and Hakchangui (a uniform of confucian student). There are many deta about Simui system in the book of Yeki, chapter Okcho and Simui, and other many canfucian books. But we didn't demonstrate the theory about it till now. Especially there are diversifies of opinions about the phrase of "Sok Im Ku Byun" in Yeki. Simui was cut in separate and then was stitched together in one piece. Generally its shape had round sleeve and angled lapel, its length reaches to the anklebone. And it has a line around the lapel, the sleeve band, and the edge of skirt. It is called Simui because the body can be wrapped deeply in broad width and large sleeve. The Simui was made of white fine linen and was cut by the natural size of body. Every part of Simui had a profound meaning; the round sleeve in compliance with regulation can keep a courtesy when a walker moves his hands and the angled lapel like a carpenter's square in compliance with square keeps them front loosing their Justice and a string of the back also keeps them loosing from their righteousness and the flat lower part of Simui makes their heart and mind calm. This Simui was usually attendant on a head cover and belt made cloth, and black shoes. This thesis was made a study of documents and portrait from Yi dynasty, for the actual object was not obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.159-176
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• 1994

This study's purpose is to find the ancient costume of the folk song's words on Dunhuang manuscripts in the background wass-carvings sculptures and several art works. Dunhuang had played the part of major route between ancient China and Europe. It is located on kam-suksong the west of China. 1. In the aspect of costume arrangement hair Styling is represented by Naegagyo, Wangyesa, Kyongburak, Bonkwyun, Pogurak, Chonsonja, Namgaja, Tongson-ga, Ojesa, Chanboja in Dunhuang manuscripts. tugue is sim-ilar to Sabyokkwanja in Naegagyo as of that time these kinds of Kwan-ja was very popular. It was told that emperor's wife concubine and maid of honor would wear kwnaja favorably. And the kinds of Tugeu is PuyongKwyunkye, Aangunkye, Chunkye from Kyuwanjon except Sangunkye, Ounkye in Dunhuangsa. 2. Jangdaegy is guoted from Kyuw-anjon -A series of the chinese history book-tells us about women's make-up . The narmes of make-up are Hongjang Unjan--g, Yiljang chwejang, Tam-ajang Murgjang, Sanagjang, Light-make up are referred in Naegagyo is included as packjang Besides we can find other make-up skills Huphwaro and Rujang from the Kaewonch onbon-wisa which was Yangkwibi's episodes. We can find the a corpus of song's words about cosmetic custom in Kor-ea. Which is 'Haecho' folk song in the souther-en costal regions 'Jinggum' folk song in Kim-hae regions and so on.... It's words is similar to Dunhuangsa in China. 3. Bichun inherited to China with India Bud-dism art in the middle of Dunhuang wall-pain-tings is one of the important Buddist saint. Sometimes it is painted with Giakchun Its arms of fly-dnacing in heaven with colored belt on body has almost the form of play on the musical instrument, We can see seasily the form in the painting of Buddist ser-mon. It was progressed and changed with the background of chinese traditional culture. When Dang's period came the color was chan-ged lighting dark blue has rhythmical and viv-id power of life. 4. Among the corpus of song's words which express the singers' system and rites of their tradition or habits. Dunhuang manuscripts des-cribes on behalf of the folk song's words in tra-ditional costume. This is following: (1) Naegagyo o sabyokwanja o Chyrasam o Rashang (2) Wangyesa o Sokryugun o Costume for fisher man (3) Bungajang of the chanboja o Ajang (4) Pongkwyun o Chongui (5) Tongsongs o Junofore (6) Namgaja o thin-Rasam (7) Yuchungnang o Hongsam o Sokryugun : The color of red costume (8) Kyongburak o Hongrasam o Sokryugun : Costume for charming woman Therefore traditional costume could be extracted according to the Dunhuang folk song's words out of culture such as learning rit-es three-obedience four-virtues and in-struction. As the same time it reflects ancient China's characteristics directly. I would endeavor to development for the history of the costume furher creative design and participat-ed in research activity with concerns forward continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.225-242
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• 1997

This study is historical research on the relationship between the Changes of the Form of costume and the recognition of the beauty of the body from prehistorical period to Ch'ing Dynasty in Chinese female costume. In figure painting a significant point was to describe the spirit of the figure so Chinese painters were less interested in ideal body pro-portion or body shape than Westerns. But idealized beauty of the female body existed and changed keeping abreast with the form of costume in each period. In the prehistorical period Wemen fasten waist belt so enabled to distinguish upper part of the body from lower one. "Locust-forehead moth-eyebrows(蝗首蛾毛)" recorded in "the Book of odes(詩經)" was the canon of beaty and Wemen tried to make their forehead broad and square from Zhou Dynasty to the Wei Jin periods. From the age of Civil War to han Dynasty Slender waist was loved so waist was tightly fastened and hemline became broader. in the course of that time Plump body in big cloth with broad sleeve emerged but that was less significant than Tang Dynasty. During Wei Jin and the Southern/Northern Dynasty undergo disruption and division they admired Taoist images. Loose fitting style with handkerchief hemline and broad sash belt was prevailed while miserable life was reflected gaunt face and lean body. Suk Dynasty also preferred a slim and long body silhouette. The style was presented extremely high waist line long and narrow sleeve slim and long skirt which expressed dynamic and straight image. The culture of Tang Dynasty was open and diverse and that character enabled blod decolletate revealing body line by tight fitting and special make-up-Social background of uion and stabilization made female body extremely plump full face. full breast and hips with most erotic image. The period of Kaiyuan Tianbao fashioned mannish disguise presented androgynous image. Five Dynasty and Song Dynasty restored standard body type so upper garments concealed neck and bust high waist line lowered which represented refined and simple outfit. But another eroticism emerged as foot-binding in Song Dynasty. For the sake of covering up deformed top of the feet and ankle gaiters and arrow shaped shoes were devised. During Ming Ch'ing Dynasties body shape became more slim weak and young causing to escort instinct that reflects 'Lust' or 'Mundanity'.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Objectives: Although chuna medicine has progressed distinguishingly, yet chuna medical terminology hasn't been standardized. So there are a lot of difficulties in translating chuna related book and their meaning cannot be conveyed properly. For this reason, we could say standardization of chuna medical terminology is very essential. Purpose of our study was to develope a standard database of concept terms for chuna medicine, in addition, we considered establishing fundamental principles of chuna medical terminology. Methods: To select standard chuna medical terms, we sorted important chuna medical index words. Then we sorted those words into a group that has same meanings and united to one single term. In the meantime, we extracted index words from 26 domestic and foreign manual technique related books and sorted them out and based on these word, we translated chuna medical terms to Korean terms. In the case of chuna technique terms, we searched chuna text books for term those were wrongly used, and corrected them by suggesting fundamental principles of terminology. Results: 664 chuna words were selected as standard chuna terms and have been translated to English terms. In the process, adscititious words such as anatomical terms and title of books were exempted and selected only important words that could be used as index of chuna terms. In deciding essential elements of chuna technique terms, patient position, contact point, segmental contact point, malposition, procedure method were selected. Conclusions: Correcting chuna medical terms in a sort period could cause confusion, but in long term perspective, in the aspect of conveying the meaning clearly and education purpose, standardizing of chuna medical terminology must be done. From this study, standardization of chuna medical terms were chosen in large category, but further studies must be followed in order to standardize terms of subdivisional categories.