• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1984.12a
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• pp.57-61
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• 1984

In this study, the system is proposed which can be used for recognition of Koean single vowles "ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅣ, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ,", and automatic recognition is processed using $\mu$-computer. 3 men of not-being-studied are participated in this experiment. Using the period of vowels, one part of the steady state is selected for high speed recognition, and amplitude comparison method, LPC, PARCOR, and Formant are used for parameter of recognition. Formant is obtained by peak picking method using LPC, and then vowels are recognized by amplitude comparison method, LPC, PARCOR, and Formant. As a result, Recognition rates are 90.1% for amplitude comparison method, 93.1% for LPC, 100% for PARCOR, 88.8% for using formant.

• MALSORI
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• no.65
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• pp.13-36
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• 2008

This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics of Korean vowel production by 12 Korean native speakers and 36 adult learners. The analyses have been performed with investigations of F1and F2 values. Results showed that there's no significant difference between /ㅔ/ and /H/ and between /ㅗ/ and /ㅜ/ in Korean native speakers' pronunciations. The distinguishing tendencies found in the analyses of foreign learners' pronunciations are fronting and lowering of /ㅗ/ by English speakers, backing and heightening of /ㅓ/ by Japanese speakers and backing and lowering of /ㅏ/ by Chinese speakers. For the limitations of this paper, it has a meaning of a preliminary study and could be developed into further research to show the order of acquisition and L1 transference.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.226-231
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 짧은 시간에 계산이 가능하며, 음성을 특징 지울 수 있는 파라미터로서 영 교차율(zero crossing rate), 단 구간 에너지(short-term, energy) 그리고 포만트(formant)를 사용하였다. 특정 화자의 음성을 입력 받아서 단모음인 'ㅏ, ㅐ, ㅓ, ㅔ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ. ㅣ'에 대한 인식을 위해 위의 세가지 파라미터를 측정하였다. 영 교차율과 단 구간 에너지 파라미터는 유성음과 무성음의 구별과 음성인지 아닌지를 판별하는데 사용하였다. 포만트 파라미터는 10차 켑스트럼(cepstrum)을 이용하여 구하였으며, 각 단모음을 판별하기 위해서 사용하였다. 하나의 단모음을 입력받아 처리하여 텍스트로 출력하는데 평균 0.065sec에 처리하며, 각각의 단모음에 대해 93%, 10개의 테스트 문장에 대해 72%의 인식률을 보이고 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.64-66
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze some acoustic parameters of the cochlear implanted children(N=20, aged 3-10) and to suggest a basic data on speech rehabilitaion for the cochlear implanted children. Acoustic analyses of seven Korean monophthongs produced by 4 contexts(V, CV, VC, CVC) were conducted for the cochler implanted children and normal hearing children(N=20, aged 3-10). Subjects were asked to pronounce a list of vowel repeating three times. The results of this study are the same as follows: First, in the case of the cochlear implanted group, there were no significant differences in F1 and F2. Second, in the case of the normal hearing group, there were significant differences in F2 /ㅜ/ between V and CVC, between VC and CVC. Third, there were significant differences in F1, F2 between CI group and normal hearing group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 1985

The purpose of the this article was to determine the ideal Korean phonemes for the mandibular rest position. The subjects were 30 dentists and dental students who had normal occlusion and speech patterns. To determine the amount of mandibular opening, MKG was used for this study. The results were as follows: 1. The average mandibular rest position of Korean were -0.75(0.55)mm in horizontal plot (X), and -1.21(0.54) mm in vertical plot (Y). 2. The ideal medial sounds for the mandibular rest position were '으', '우' and '이'. 3. The ideal Korean consonants for the mandibular rest position were affricatives (ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ) and fricatives (ㅅ, ㅆ), vowels were back closed vowels (ㅡ, ㅜ). 4. The last consonants were affected by the proceeding vowels. 5. In Korean, the vowels were the most important factors that determine the rest position of mandible.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.281-284
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• 2002

본 연구는 우리말 장단모음의 특성을 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 쓰여져 있는 문장에서 장단 모음을 구별할 줄 사람들 중 남자 3명을 선정하여 7개의 모음(/ㅣ, ㅐ, ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ/)을 발음하게 한 후, 각 장단 모음 쌍의 길이, 피치, 음가를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 장단모음이 사라졌다는 일부 주장과는 달리 모든 화자에게서 통계학적으로 유의한 길이의 차이를 관찰하였으며 대부분의 경우에 피치와 음가(F2)도 유의한 차이가 남을 발견하였다. 그러나 이 관찰된 음가의 차이는 모음 자체의 음가의 차이가 아니라 다음에 따라오는 조사의 모음의 영향으로 인한 주변동화현상(contextual assimilation)에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 즉, 장모음은 길이가 긴 까닭에 자신의 음가를 충분히 실현한 반면 단모음은 다음에 나오는 모음의 음가의 영향을 강하게 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

The aim of the present study is to compare the vowel formants between generations in Daegu dialect. 20 Daegu dialect speakers were participated in this study; 10 were in their 40's, the other 10were in their 20's. As a result, the distance of /ㅣ/ and /ㅐ/, and, /ㅡ/ and /ㅓ/ in 20's is further than 40's, while the distance of /ㅗ/ and in 20's is closer than 40's. It seems reasonable to conclude that vowels in Daegu dialect change to have their own stable space, but /ㅗ/ and /ㅜ/ does not.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2023

We described how to implement character expressions and animations that play an important role in expressing emotions and personalities in low-polygon character animation. With the development of the video industry, character expressions and mouth-shaped lip-syncing in animation can realize natural movements at a level close to real life. However, for non-experts, it is difficult to use expert-level advanced technology. Therefore, We aimed to present a guide for low-budget low-polygon character animators or non-experts to create mouth-shaped lip-syncing more naturally using accessible and highly usable features. A total of 8 mouth shapes were developed for mouth shape lip-sync animation: 'ㅏ', 'ㅔ', 'ㅣ', 'ㅗ', 'ㅜ', 'ㅡ', 'ㅓ' and a mouth shape that expresses a labial consonant. In the case of facial expression animation, a total of nine animations were produced by adding highly utilized interest, boredom, and pain to the six basic human emotions classified by Paul Ekman: surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness. This study is meaningful in that it makes it easy to produce natural animation using the features built into the modeling program without using complex technologies or programs.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.226-230
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등 저학년 읽기부진아동을 위한 한글 파닉스 교육의 기반을 확립하고자 1-2학년 교과서 고빈도 어절 531개를 기반으로 자소 및 음운규칙을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 자소-음소 일치 어절을 기반으로 하였을 때 초성에서 50번 이상 나타난 자소는 /ㄱ/, /ㄹ/, /ㄴ/, /ㅅ/, /ㅎ/, /ㅈ/이다. 중성에서 50번 이상 나타난 자소는 /ㅏ/, /ㅣ/, /ㅗ/, /ㅡ/, /ㅜ/이다. 종성에서 50번 이상 나타난 자소는 /ㄹ/, /ㄴ/, /ㅇ/이다. 자소와 음소가 불일치 된 어절을 기반으로 하였을 때 가장 많이 출현하는 음운규칙은 연음화 규칙이었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 교과서를 기반으로 한 한글 파닉스 교육에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.866-878
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• 2014

On Korean websites, people often use several Korean vowels or consonants solely, which is the way to express emotion. This way of expression has scarcely been examined seriously, though it is one of the most popular online slangs. This is an exploratory study that reveals how and how much these expressions are used on social media. Data crawling technique was used as a way to examine the usage of vowels and consonants in ordinary situations. 6 'Facebook pages' popular among Korean users are selected, and about 2.5 million comments are collected from posts in those pages. 10 expressions, including 'ㅋ(K)', 'ㅎ(H)', 'ㅜ(U)', are counted and analyzed from the collected texts of comments. As a result, several patterns of using vowels and consonants are found. Especially, 'ㅋ(K)' is used much more frequently than other vowels or consonants, and used more continually. It is also found that the patterns of using vowels or consonants in writing comments changes as the mood of posts or the characteristics of Facebook pages.