• 대한수학회보
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1989

In [1], Johnson and Lapidus introduced a family { $A_{t}$ :t>0} of Banach algebras of functionals on Wiener space and showed that for every F in $A_{t}$ , the analytic operator-valued function space integral $K_{\lambda}$$^{t}$ (F) exists for all nonzero complex numbers .lambda. with nonnegative real part. In [2,3] Johnson and Lapidus introduced a noncommtative multiplication having the property that if F.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{1}$ and G.mem. $A_{t}$ $_{2}$ then $F^{*}$G.mem. A$t_{1}$+$_{t}$ $_{2}$ and (Fig.) Note that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , $F^{*}$G is not in $A_{t}$ but rather is in $A_{2t}$ and so the multiplication * is not internal to the Banach algebra $A_{t}$ . In this paper we introduce an internal noncommutative multiplication on $A_{t}$ having the property that for F, G in $A_{t}$ , F G is in $A_{t}$ and (Fig.) for all nonzero .lambda. with nonnegative real part. Thus is an auxiliary binary operator on $A_{t}$ .TEX> .

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1979

G를 유한군으로, C를 모든 복소수체로 가정하고, V를 C상에서의 유한차원 벡터공간이라 하자. V상에서의 G의 사영적 표시는, X, $y{\epsilon}G$이고 ${\alpha}:\;G{\times}G{\rightarrow}C$를 Facto set이라 할 때 $T(x)T(y)=T(xy){\alpha}(x,y)$이 되는 함수 $T=\;G{\rightarrow}GL(V)$를 말한다. 본 논문의 목적은 군에 대한 Extension theory를 사용해서, G상의 factor set들의 동치류들은 G의 Second Cohomology group과 동형이라는 것을 증명하는 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.133-133
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of charcoal on germination and early growth of barley sprouts. Five treatments were employed based on different amount and treatment method along with control. Barley seeds were soaked in water for 8 hours. Two types of topping treatment were applied such as, charcoal: 100 g (designated as T1) and charcoal: 200 g (T2). Three kinds of mixing treatment were as follows: barley seeds were mixed with 100g of charcoal (designated as M1), with 200g of charcoal (M2), and with 300g of charcoal(M3). The control did not have any charcoal. In our finding, germination rates were observed 53.3% (control), 26.3%(T1), 36.3%(T2), 67.3%(M1), 81.7%(M2), and 79.7%(M3) at three days after inoculation (DAI). Length of radicle was found at 0.90 cm (control), 0.88 cm (T1), 0.99 cm (T2), 1.03cm (M1), 1.66 cm (M2), and 0.70 cm (M3) in 3 DAI. In addition, sprout length was found 4.5 cm (control), 10.4 cm (T1), 11.9 cm (T2), 5.7 cm (M1), 6.3 cm (M2), and 2.1 cm (M3) in 14 DAI. Fresh weight of sprouts were 0.78g (control), 1.03g (T1), 1.07g (T2), 0.96g (M1), 1.07g (M2), and 0.95g (M3). Among the treatment, topping of seeds on 200g of charcoal (T2) showed longest sprout length and fresh weight. Mixing treatments showed higher germination rates and sprout fresh weight. The results may be attributed to difference in micro-climate conditions (mostly temperature and humidity) in the growth boxes in different treatments.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1973

Although numerous drugs are available for the treatment of superficial fungi infections of skin, the clinical effects of the majority of such drugs are not satisfactory. In the hope of searching the effective drugs for superficial fungi infections, authors studied whether Veratrum rhizoma extracts had any effect on fungi, with water extract (VRWE), ethanol extract (VREE) and methanol extract (VRME) from Veratrum album L. var. grandiflorum Max. In in vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained three extracts of Veratrun rhizoma in each concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, and the growth of the fungi were observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. The growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans were slightly inhibited by VRWE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, and with VRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, the growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum and T. rubrum were slightly inhibited, moderate inhibition on the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans were showed by VRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 2. With $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of VREE, the inhibition on growth of E. floccosum, M. nanum and M. gypseum were slight, however significant inhibition on the growth of M. canis, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed. The growth of M. nanum and M. gypseum were moderately inhibited, and significant inhibition on the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed by VREE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. By VREE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, the growth of all tested fungi were significantly inhibited except T. verrucosuia being showed slight inhibition. 3. Significant inhibition on the growth of M. canis, T, mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were noted, and moderate inhibition of M. nanum, slight inhibition of E. floccosum and M. gypseum in growth were observed by VRME $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. The growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, T. mentsgrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were significantly inhibited by VRME $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, and that of M. gypseum was moderate. With $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of VRME, significant inhibition on the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were observed, and T. verrucosum was showed only slight inhibition. From the above results, it was found that the extracts of organic solvents from Veratrum rhizoma (VREE & VRME) exerted significant antifungal activity, and their effects were probably derived from the pharmacological action of steroidal alkaloids.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.427-452
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• 2003

Korean is famous for having all voiceless stop sounds. Korean does have voiced stops but they are considered to exist only as the allophones of word initial /p, t, k/. My experiment shows the English word initial stop sounds [b, d, g] and the Korean lax stop series /p, t, k/ in word initial position are similar in the range of voice onset time. If English word initial[b, d, g] sounds are posited as voiced, then Korean word initial /p, t, k/ should be classified as voiced also. Phonetically English /b, d, g/ phonemes and Korean /p, t, k/ phonemes are very similar except the word initial [p, t, k] are devoiced slightly more, but not significant enough to be classified as voiceless than English word initial [b, d, g]. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, it explains why Korean /p, t, k/ series has the allophones [b, d, g] instead of fortis stops /p', t', k'/ in Korean even though /p', t', k'/ has less positive VOT value than /p, t, k/. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, then it does not cause spelling or pronunciation confusion either when Koreans learn English or English speakers learn Korean.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a form of the emerging 4th industry in the 5G era. IoT is expected to develop naturally in our daily life in the 5G era in which high-speed communication will be completed. Along with the rise of IoT, concerns about security and malicious attacks are also increasing. This paper examines DoS attacks, which are one of the representative security threats of IoT and proposes a local detection and blocking system that are suitable for response to such attacks. First, systems of the LoRaWAN type, which are most actively researched in the IoT system field and DoS attacks that can occur in such systems were examined. Then, the inverse order tree algorithm using regional characteristics was designed as a cluster analysis form. Finally, a system capable of defending denial-of-service attacks in the 5G IoT system using local detection and blocking with the Euclidean distance was designed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

본 연구는 단백질 균형시험에 의한 흑염소의 1일 유지 단백질 요구량을 구하기 위해 수행되었다. 평균체중 $31.78{\pm}4.54$의 8개월 령의 비육기 수컷 흑염소 6두를 공시하였고, $3{\times}3$ Latin square design 방법으로 처리구별 사료 내 조단백질 수준을 달리하여 흑염소에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험 기간은 2014년 10월 12일부터 2014년 11월 21일까지 40일간 이천의 흑염소 농장에서 진행하였다. 사료의 조단백질 수준은 처리구별로 13%(T1), 16%(T2), 19%(T3) 이며 TDN은 66%로 하여 배합한 TMR 사료를 사용하였으며 1일 사료급여량은 체중의 1.5%를 오후 5시경에 급여하였다. 처리구별 건물섭취량은 T1구가 925.14g/d, T2구가 966.67g/d, T3구가 936.08g/d으로 T2구에서 가장 높았고, 일당증체량은 T2구가 167.13g/d으로 T1과 T3구의 각각 109.26g/d, 118.98g/d 보다 높게 나타났으나 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 건물 소화율은 T1과 T2과 T3구 각각 73.68%, 71.81%, 73.77%로 처리구간에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 조단백질 소화율은 T3구가 82.42%로 T1과 T2구 각각 72.73%, 65.72% 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 조지방 소화율은 처리구별 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. ADF 소화율은 69.13%로 T1구에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). CF와 NDF 소화율은 46.88~59.76%, 63.29~73.73%의 범위로 처리구간 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 조단백질 섭취량은 T1과 T2과 T3구에서 각각 128.78g/d, 154.57g/d, 181.23g/d로 사료 내 단백질 수준이 높아질수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 대사 체중 당 CP 섭취량과 CP 축적량과의 관계식에서 CP 균형이 0이 되는 X축 절편은 $1.63g/BW^{0.75}$이었다. 본 연구결과 8개월 령 수컷 흑염소에게 필요한 유지 조단백질 요구량은 $1.63g/BW^{0.75}$이며 흑염소의 사양표준 설정에 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 유지 단백질 요구량에는 성장단계 및 사양방법, 성별에 따라 차이가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 향후 그러한 요인들을 기준으로 한 흑염소 단백질 연구가 단계적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1973

Although numerous drugs are available for the treatment of superficial fungi infections of skin, and yet the clinical effects of most of such drugs are not satisfactory. In the hope of searching for effective drugs for superficial fungi infections, the authors observed fungistatic effects of Pyrethri Flos, a common herb in Korea, with water extract (PFWE), ethanol extract (PFEE), and methanol extract (PFME) from Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium V. In in vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained Pyrethri Flos extracts in each concentrations of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, and the growth of the fungi was observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of these studies were as follows; 1. The growth of M. nanum & T. rubrum was slightly inhibited by PFWE $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, and the growth of M. nanum, M. cookei & T. rubrum was slightly inhibited by PFWE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum & M. cookei was slightly inhibited, however the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited by PFWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. With $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PFEE, the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and moderate inhibition of M. cookei growth and slight inhibition E. floccosum & M. gypseum were observed. The growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and the growth of E. floccosum, M. gypseum & M. cookei was moderately inhibited by PFEE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Significant inhibitions of the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans were observed by PFEE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 3. The growth of E. floccosum & M. cookei was moderately inhibited, and the growth of M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited by PFME $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. But the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T, rubrum & T. tonsurans was significantly inhibited, and the growth of T. verrucosum was slightly inhibited in both PFME $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.599-612
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• 2010

본 연구는 유기곡물사료와 농산가공부산물인 미강과 대두피를 이용한 유기배합사료를 제조하였으며, 관행사료와 비교하여 산양유의 생산성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위함이다. Saanen종 비유중기 4두를 유량, 착유일수 및 산차수를 고려하여 배치하였으며, 시험 설계는 2${\times}$3 crossover design으로 하였으며, 2주간 예비기간을 거쳐 본 시험을 실시하였다. 사료공급은 에너지 및 단백질 공급량에서 ME가 23 MJ/d, 그리고 CP는 382 g/d가 되도록 조정하였다. 전체 건물섭취량은 T1구(관행사료)와 T2구(유기사료)에서 각각 1,633g과 1,658g으로 비슷한 섭취량을 나타냈으며, 유량에서는 유의한 차이는 없었지만, T2구에서 1,816g/d로 T1구의 1,667g/d와 비교하여 약 150g/d 높은 유량 증가를 나타냈다. 유성분과 유지방 함량에서는 처리간 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 지방산조성은 사료내 불포화지방산 함량이 풍부한 T2구에서 T1구보다 stearic acid(C18:0)와 linoleic acid(C18:2)가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 경제성 평가에서 1마리당 하루 150원의 소득증가를 나타냈으며 결과적으로 유기사료를 급여함으로써 농가소득에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

느타리버섯 병재배용 재료중 비트펄프를 대체하기 위해 열매탈과팜이삭(PEFB)를 6, 8 mm 형태의 펠렛으로 성형한 후 첨가비율을 달리하여 5개의 처리구로 나누어 느타리버섯을 재배한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 수한1호의 경우, T1 78.8 g, T2 90.6 g, T3 76.0 g, T4 88.6 g, T5 55.4 g으로 대조구인 T1보다 T2, T4처리구에서 수량이 많았다. 춘추계통의 김제5호의 경우, T1 111.6 g, T2 139.8 g, T3 133.47 g, T4 126.8 g, T5 136.2 g으로 T2, T5처리구에서 수량이 많았다. 위 시험결과를 종합해볼 때, 열매탈과팜이삭(PEFB)를 비트펄프로 대체하여 느타리버섯 재배에 이용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.