• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.185-199
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we introduce the definitions of s_p-convergent sequence in fuzzy metric spaces and fuzzy normed spaces. We investigate relations of convergence, s_p-convergence, s_∞-convergence and st-convergence in fuzzy metric spaces and fuzzy normed spaces. We also study s_p-convergence, s_∞-convergence and st-convergence using the sub-sequence of convergent sequence in fuzzy metric spaces and fuzzy normed spaces. Stationary fuzzy normed spaces are defined and investigated. We finally define s_p-closed sets, s_∞-closed sets and st-closed sets in fuzzy metric spaces and fuzzy normed spaces and investigate relations of them.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.135-149
• /
• 2011

Using (r, s)-preopen sets [14] and pre-${\omega}_t$-closures [6], a new kind of covering property $P^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness is introduced in a bitopological space and several characterizations via filter bases, nets and grills [30] along with various properties of such concept are investigated. Two new types of cluster sets, namely pre-(${\omega}_r$, s)t-${\theta}_f$-cluster sets and (r, s)t-${\theta}_f$-precluster sets of functions and multifunctions between two bitopological spaces are introduced. Several properties of pre-(${\omega}_r$, s)t-${\theta}_f$-cluster sets are investigated and using the degeneracy of such cluster sets, some new characterizations of some separation axioms in topological spaces or in bitopological spaces are obtained. A sufficient condition for $P^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness has also been established in terms of pre-(${\omega}_r$, s)t-${\theta}_f$-cluster sets.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.271-285
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we have introduced a new type of covering property ${\beta}^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness, stronger than $P^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness [3] in terms of (r, s)-β-open sets [9] and β-ω_t-closures in bitopological spaces along with its several characterizations via filter bases and grills [15] and various properties. Further grill generalizations of ${\beta}^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness (namely, ${\beta}^t_{({\omega}_r,s)}$-closedness modulo grill) and associated concepts have also been investigated.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2012

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect of lower extremity muscle activity during open kinetic chain exercise (OKC) and closed kinetic exercise (CKC) in normal young adults. Methods : The participants were consisted of forty-one. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of open kinetic chain exercise group (n=21) and closed kinetic chain exercise group(n=20). It was perform 3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks both open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group. Subjects were assessed for each subject took pre-test, post-test in 2 weeks, post-test in 4 weeks, post-test in 6 weeks measurement the surface EMG data for vastus medialis and lateralis, lateral and medial hamstring, lateral and medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. Results : The vastus medialis and lateralis muscle activity was significantly increased within the intervention period both group(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of hamstring muscle activity was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). The tibialis anterior muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased in the intervention period(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of gastrocnemius muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). Conclusion : It was found that both open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise was significantly increased muscle activity. Further studies are needed to analyzed long term effects and subjects resulting from these changed. these exercises can be selectively adapted not only as treatment exercise for patients but also as preventive exercise for normal person to improve balancing ability by conducting proper amount of exercise for each individual's condition and stage.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2011

A bounded linear operator T on a complex Banach space X is said to have property (I) provided that T has Bishop's property (${\beta}$) and there exists an integer p > 0 such that for a closed subset F of ${\mathbb{C}}$ ${X_T}(F)={E_T}(F)=\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}F}(T-{\lambda})^PX$ for all closed sets $F{\subseteq}{\mathbb{C}}$, where $X_T$(F) denote the analytic spectral subspace and $E_T$(F) denote the algebraic spectral subspace of T. Easy examples are provided by normal operators and hyponormal operators in Hilbert spaces, and more generally, generalized scalar operators and subscalar operators in Banach spaces. In this paper, we prove that if T has property (I), then the quasi-nilpotent part $H_0$(T) of T is given by $$KerT^P=\{x{\in}X:r_T(x)=0\}={\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\neq}0}(T-{\lambda})^PX$$ for all sufficiently large integers p, where ${r_T(x)}=lim\;sup_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\parallel}T^nx{\parallel}^{\frac{1}{n}}$. We also prove that if T has property (I) and the spectrum ${\sigma}$(T) is finite, then T is algebraic. Finally, we prove that if $T{\in}L$(X) has property (I) and has decomposition property (${\delta}$) then T has a non-trivial invariant closed linear subspace.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1987

Minimal s-Urysohn and minimal s-regular spaces are studied. An s-Urysohn (respectively, s-regular) space (X, $\mathfrak{T}$) is said to be minimal s-Urysohn (respectively, minimal s-regular) if for no topology $\mathfrak{T}^{\prime}$ on X which is strictly weaker than $\mathfrak{T}$, (X, $\mathfrak{T}^{\prime}$) is s-Urysohn (respectively s-regular). Several characterizations and other related properties of these classes of spaces have been obtained. The present paper is a study of minimal P-spaces where P refers to the property of being an s-Urysohn space or an s-regular space. A P-space (X, $\mathfrak{T}$) is said to be minimal P if for no topology $\mathfrak{T}^{\prime}$ on X such that $\mathfrak{T}^{\prime}$ is strictly weaker than $\mathfrak{T}$, (X, $\mathfrak{T}^{\prime}$) has the property P. A space X is said to be s-Urysohn [2] if for any two distinct points x and y of X there exist semi-open set U and V containing x and y respectively such that $clU{\bigcap}clV={\phi}$, where clU denotes the closure of U. A space X is said to be s-regular [6] if for any point x and a closed set F not containing x there exist disjoint semi-open sets U and V such that $x{\in}U$ and $F{\subseteq}V$. Throughout the paper the spaces are assumed to be Hausdorff.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.157-178
• /
• 2019

The present correspondence is conveyed on to consider the fascinating and novel characteristics of radiative hydromagnetic convective flow of a chemically reacting fluid over an exponentially accelerated inclined porous plate. Exact solutions for the fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration, under Boussinesq approximation, are obtained in closed form by the two term perturbation technique. The interesting parts of thermal dispersing outcomes are accounted in this correspondence. Graphical evaluation is appeared to depict the trademark direct of introduced parameters on non dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Also, the numerical assortment for skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number is examined through tables. The certification of current examination is confirmed by making an examination with past revelations available in composing, which sets a benchmark for utilization of computational approach.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.895-903
• /
• 2007

매립지를 직접 생태학적으로 모니터링하는 방법을 개발하고자, 매립지 내의 생화학적 반응에 관여하는 세균들과 효소의 양을 정량함과 동시에 지하수 수질인자와 상호 연관성을 조사하여 생태학적 인자와의 연계 이용 가능성을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 4개의 매립 종료된 비위생 매립지(천안(C), 원주(W), 논산(N), 평택(P) 매립지)에서 계절별로 지하수 시료를 채취하였으며 동시에 16S rDNA 방법을 사용하여 미생물 다양성을 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로, 매립지에서 주로 발견되는 세균과 효소를 대표하는 유전자를 정량하기 위한 특이 프라이머 쌍을 제작하였으며 상관계수에 기초하여 수질인자와 유전자 지표 인자간의 정량적 관련성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 DSR(황환원 세균) gene과 BOD(생화학적 산소요구량)사이의 상관관계는 0.8 이상인데 반해 NSR(질산화 세균-Nitrospira sp.) gene과 질산성 질소는 0.9 이상이었다. 안정화지표(BOD/COD)와 MTOT(메탄 산화 세균), MCR(Methyl coenzyme M reductase), Dde(Dechloromonas denitrificans) gene들은 0.8 이상의 상관관계를 가졌으나 3가 철과 Fli(Ferribacterium limineticm) gene은 0.7로 낮았다. MTOT gene의 경우, BOD/COD과의 관련성이 100%에 가깝게 높았다. 또한, 혐기성 유전자들(nirS-아질산 환훤효소, MCR, Dde, DSR)과 DO 역시 0.8 이상으로 나타나 일반적인 매립지 혐기성 반응들이 DO에 크게 의존함을 보였다. 결론적으로 분자생물학적 조사와 수질인자가 높은 상호연관성이 있었으며 real-time PCR이 전통적인 모니터링 인자들과 동시에 상호 보완적으로 모니터링에 사용됨으로써 매립지안정화 및 주변 영향을 평가하는데 효율적으로 사용 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.