• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1981

Solvolysis of $p-CH_3, p-H, p-Cl and p-NO_2$-benzenesulfonyl chlorides have heen studied in MeOH-MeCN mixtures. A nonlinear Hammett plot with a ratio order of p-NO_2 > p-CH_3 > p-H > p-Cl was obtained; the reaction was thought to proceed by an S_N1-S_N2 borderline mechanism. In all cases the reactivity was a maximum at 90∼95%(v) methanol, whereas methanol monomer selectivity defined as fi = \frac{k1}{ki}i (k1; observed pseudo-first order rate constant: ki; hypothetical rate constant for MeOH solution having the same polymer structure as in the pure MeOH) was a maximum at 80% methanol with a decreasing order of fi as p-NO_2 > p-Cl > p-H > p-CH_3.$ This was interpreted as the decrease in tightness of transition state; the larger the fi, the tighter is the MeOH attached to the substrate, and hence the more susceptible the substrate becomes to the approaching monomer methanol.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.16
• /
• pp.6871-6879
• /
• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association of five (p.P47S, p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp, p.R213R and r.13494g>a) polymorphisms of TP53 with the risk of developing breast cancer in North Indian Punjabi population. Methods: We screened DNA samples of 200 sporadic breast cancer patients (197 females and 3 males) and 200 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched individuals for the polymorphisms. Results: For the p.P47S polymorphism, we observed the PP genotype in 99.5% of the patients and PS genotype in only 1 patient. All the controls had the wild type PP genotype. The frequency of RR, RP and PP genotype of p.R72P was 23.5% vs 33.5%, 51.5% vs 45.5% and 25% vs 21% in patients and controls respectively. Heterozygous (RP) genotype was increased in breast cancer patients as compared to controls (51.5 vs 45.5%) and showed 1.61 fold significantly increased risk for breast cancer (OR=1.61, 95% CI, 1.01-2.58, p=0.04). In breast cancer patients the frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes of PIN3 Ins16bp polymorphism were 67%, 26% and 7% respectively whereas in controls the genotype frequencies were 68.5%, 27.5% and 4% respectively, with no significant difference. For p.R213R (c.639A>G), all individuals had homozygous wild type genotype. The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes of TP53 r.13494g>a polymorphism were 62 vs 67.5%, 33 vs 28% and 5 vs 4.5% in patients and controls respectively, again without significant difference. We observed that RP-A1A1 genotype combination of p.R72P and PIN3 Ins16bp and RP-GG combination of p.R72P and r.13494g>a polymorphism showed significant risk of breast cancer (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 0.98-2.78, p=0.05; OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.92, p=0.04). Conclusion: The results of present study indicated that among the five TP53 polymorphisms investigated, the p.R72P polymorphism, and the RP-A1A1 and RP-GG genotype combination contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in North Indians.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2000

In this paper, for a given p-adic quasicharacter $c_{v}$ : $k_{v}$longrightarrow $Q_{p}$ satisfying a special condition, we will explicitly construct an admissible pairing corresponding to $c_{v}$. We define a p-adic height on the arbitrary abelian varieties associated to divisors and $c_{v}$ by using admissible pairings at every nonarchimedean places. We also show that our p-adic height satisfies similar properties of Neron-Tate's canonical p-adic height.t.ght.t.t.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 1991

Using T-lymphocytes obtained from rat peripheral blood, we found that the 44kD/pI6.8 protein was the major phosphoprotein of T-lymphocytes under basal condition, and that the 44kD/pI6.3 protein was a new phosphoprotein appeared in T-lymphocytes stimulated with ${\beta}-agonist$. The phosphorylation of the 44kD/pI6.3 protein was also induced by forskolin but inhibited by H-8 pretreatment. To clarify the character of the 44kD/pI6.3 protein, we used Con-A and kinase inhibitors, H-7 and W-7. Con-A stimulation induced phosphorylation of 44kD/pI 6.3 protein but that was inhibited by W-7 pretreatment. The phosphorytation of 44kD/pI6.3 protein was not induced by the PKC activator, PMA. Instead, the phosphorylation of 44kD/pI6.8 protein was reduced by H-7, a PKC inhibitor. From the above results,it can be concluded that the 44kD/pI6.3 protein can be a common substrate for A-kinase and CaM kinase. The two dimensional tryptic peptide mapping revealed that the 44kD/pI6.8 and 44kD/pI6.3 proteins are different.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2010

Radiotherapy is one of the major therapies for cancer treatment. p53 acts as a central mediator of the cellular response to stressful stimuli, such as radiation. Recently it has been known that activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is associated with radioresistance. In this study, we investigated whether X-irradiation up-regulates PI3K in a p53-dependent manner in human colon cancer cells. In order to study this phenomenon, we have treated p53-wild type and p53-mutant type HCT116 cells with X-ray. Treatment of wild type HCT116 cells with 8 Gy resulted in a marked increase in PI3K (p85), which paralleled an increase in PTEN, a counterpart of PI3K. However, these effects of X-rays in the p53-mutant cells were not observed. These results suggest that the X-irradiation-induced up-regulation of PI3K/PTEN pathway is p53-dependent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.178-182
• /
• 1989

A gene coding for a xylanase of thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17 was cloned in Escherichia coli C600 with pBR322. Plasmid pAXl13 was isolated from a transformant producing xylanase, and the xylanase gene was located in a 4.3 Kb HindIII fragment. Biotinylated pAXl13 hybridized to a 4.3 Kb HindIII fragment from chromosomal DNA of thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17. The xylanase activity was observed in the extracellular curture fluid of E. coli carrying pAXl13. The pAXl13-encoded xylanase had the same enzymatic properties as those of xylanase I produced by thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.380-384
• /
• 2015

The relationships between end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($P_{ET}CO_2$) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($P_aCO_2$), and between $P_{ET}CO_2$ and blood pH in isoflurane-anesthetized cinereous vultures were evaluated. Nine cinereous vultures (weighing 7.3-9.5 kg) were anesthetized via mask with isoflurane, intubated, and connected to a mechanical ventilator. By mechanical ventilator, respiratory rate was altered to achieve a $P_{ET}CO_2$ randomly selected among 30 to 35 mmHg. $P_aCO_2$ and blood pH were determined in serial arterial samples and compared with concurrent $P_{ET}CO_2$ measured with a sidestream capnography. Thirty six samples, nine cinereous vultures were tested 4 times each, were used to determine correlations coefficients between $P_aCO_2$ and $P_{ET}CO_2$, and between $P_{ET}CO_2$ and blood pH. Strong correlations were observed between $P_aCO_2$ and $P_{ET}CO_2$ (r = 0.951, P = 0.000, y = 1.679x - 30.236, $R^2=0.905$) as well as between $P_{ET}CO_2$ and blood pH (r = -0.728, P = 0.000, y = -0.024x + 8.389, $R^2=0.530$) with Pearson's correlation coefficient and simple linear regression. These results suggest that the capnography used provided a sufficiently accurate estimation of $P_aCO_2$ and blood pH. Thus, the monitoring of $P_{ET}CO_2$ can be useful method to prevent hypoventilation for cinereous vultures receiving mechanical ventilation.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.251-260
• /
• 2006

During mitosis, genomic integrity is maintained by the proper coordination of anaphase entry and mitotic exit via mitotic checkpoints. In budding yeast, mitotic exit is controlled by a regulatory cascade called the mitotic exit network (MEN). The MEN is regulated by a small GTPase, Tem1p, which in turn is controlled by a two-component GAP, Bfa1p-Bub2p. Recent results suggested that phosphorylation of Bfa1p by the polorelated kinase Cdc5p is also required for triggering mitotic exit, since it decreases the GAP activity of Bfa1p-Bub2p. However, the dispensability of GEF Lte1p for mitotic exit has raised questions about regulation of the MEN by the GTPase activity of Tem1p. We isolated a Bfa1p mutant, $Bfa1p^{E438K}$, whose overexpression only partially induced anaphase arrest. The molecular and biochemical functions of $Bfa1p^{E438K}$ are similar to those of wild type Bfa1p, except for decreased GAP activity. Interestingly, in $BFA1^{E438K}$ cells, the MEN could be regulated with nearly wild type kinetics at physiological temperature, as well as in response to various checkpoint-activating signals, but the cells were more sensitive to spindle damage than wild type. These results suggest that the GAP activity of Bfa1p-Bub2p is responsible for the mitotic arrest caused by spindle damage and Bfa1p overproduction. In addition, the viability of cdc5-2 ${\Delta}bfa1 $ cells was not reduced by $BFA1^{E438K}$, suggesting that Cdc5p also regulates Bfa1p to activate mitotic exit by other mechanism(s), besides phosphorylation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 1999

Purpose : The expression of p53, P211WAF/CIP, Bcl-2, and Bax underlying the radiation-induced apoptosis in different pH environments using SCK mammary adenocarcinoma cell line was investigated. Materials and Methods Mammary adenocarcinoma cells of hi) mice (SCK cells) in exponential growth phase were irradiated with a linear accelerator at room temperature. The cells were irradiated with 12 Gy and one hour later, the media was replaced with fresh media at a different pHs. After Incubation at 37Microbioiogy, College of Medicine Dong A University for 0$\~$48 h, the extort of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The progression of cells through the cell cycle after irradiation in different pHs was also determined with flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to monitor p53, p211WAFfCIP, Bcl-2, and Bu protein levels. Results : The induction of apoptosis by irradiation in pH 6.6 medium was markedly less than that in pH 7.5 medium. The radiation-induced G2IM arrest in pH 6.6 medium lasted markedly longer than that in pH 7.5 medium. Considerable amounts of p53 and p21 proteins already existed at pH 7.5 and increased the level of p53 and p21 significantly after 12 Gy X-irradiation. An incubation at pH 6.6 after 12 Gy X-irradiation did not change the level of p53 and p21 protein levels significantly. Bcl-2 proteins were not significantly affected by radiation and showed no correlation with cell susceptibility to radiation-induced apoptosis in different pHs. An exposure to 12 Gy of X-rays increased the level of Bax protein at pH 7.5 but at pH 6.6, it was slight. Conclusions : The molecular mechanism underlying radiation-induced apoptosis in dinerent pH environments using SCK mammary adenocarcinoma cell line was dependent of the expression p53 and P211YVAF/CIP proteins. We may propose following hypothesis that an acidic stress augments the radiation-induced G2iM arrest, which inhibiting the irradiated cells undergo post-mitotic apoptosis. The effects of environmental acidity on anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic function of Bcl-2 family was unclear in SCK mammary adenocarcinoma cell line.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2012

In this study, a fiber-optic pH sensor based on a pH sol-gel film is fabricated. The sol-gel film is made by co-polymerizing tetramethoxysilane, trimethoxymethylsilane, ethanol and distilled water. As a pH indicator, a neutral red is immobilized in a thin porous film formed by the sol-gel process. The pH change in a sensing probe gives rise to a change in the color of the pH sol-gel film, and the absorbance of reflected light through the pH sol-gel film is also changed. By using a spectrometer, therefore, the spectra of reflected lights in the sensing probe with different pH values are measured. Also, the relationships between the pH values and the absorbance are analyzed on the basis of the color variations of the pH sol-gel films. In repeated experiments, the fiber-optic pH sensor shows that it has reversibility, a high reproducibility and a wide absorbance change in a pH range from pH 5 to 9. Also, we confirmed that the fabricated pH sol-gel film exhibits a fast response time, little or no pH indicator leaching and a dynamic range of 2.04 dB from pH 5 to 9. Based on the results of this study, a fiber-optic pH sensor can be developed for the pH monitoring in the harsh environments.