• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.34-44
• /
• 2009

Background : Currently, as a method of standardization of prescription, questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang[補中益氣湯] was developed, and which is a Objectives : The purpose of this thesis is to testify whether differentiation of Lao Juan Shang[勞倦傷] etiology is relative to mobility of gastric smooth muscle. Methods : The subjects(20 to 65 years old; 14 males, 46 females) were isolated from drinking alcohols for 24 hours before the experiment, and fasted for 8 hours, and measured for electrogastrography(EGG) and they filled out Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang. Results : 1. Six factors from the factor analysis of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi -Tang were named and classified as Spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [脾虛] (factor 1), Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [肺虛] (factor 2), Working factor [習慣] (factor 3), Yin-Fire factor [陰火] (factor 4), Jung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [中氣虛] (factor 5), and Stomach-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [胃虛] (factor 6). 2. As for the reliability of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.772 for the mean of the item-total. 3. Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor(factor2) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.312, p<0.05). 4. Working factor(factor3) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.329, p<0.05). 5. Yin-Fire factor(factor4) had significant correlation with Power Ratio (r=-0.328, p<0.05). Conclusions : It is shown that Bradygastria Time and Power Ratio tended to decrease against postprandial DP increased and postprandial frequency decreased in normal case.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. Methods: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability ${\alpha}=0.89$; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (${\alpha}=0.80$, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (${\alpha}=0.59$, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (${\alpha}=0.73$, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (${\alpha}=0.65$, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (${\alpha}=0.60$, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. Conclusions: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.22-34
• /
• 2007

We researched the previous study about the restaurant's physical environment and had made up questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physical facilities of family restaurants on customers' satisfaction. The result was as follows: First, customers visited with friends or family irrespective of days $2{\sim}3$ times a month. Second, the physical environment factors of family restaurants were interior design, interior, making atmosphere and exterior. Third, it was the interior factor(0.268), making atmosphere factor(0.353) and exterior factor(0.244) that affected customers' satisfaction in family restaurants(p<0.001). $R^2$ change was 0.659 and the regression model was suited to our study(F=56.475). To increase customers' satisfaction, the physical environment of family restaurants needs remodeling in proper time.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-36
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study is to present basic data for producing tools to measure Yangseng of the elderly aged older than 65 by reassessing the validity and reliability of such tools already developed. In the present study, total 855 subjects were divided into 4 groups and given 31 question for the ultimate factor analysis of each item. The results cloud be summarized as follows: 1. In case of 'don't have sex in drunken state or right after dinner'(the 31st item of sex live yangseng). factor loading came out proportionally in 3 factors such as factor 4=0.358, factor 5=0.389 and factor 6=0.386. As they all failed to reach the general standard of 0.5 or more and even the minimum standard of 0.4 or more, the 31st item was deleted from the questionnaires. 2. From the factor analysis after exclusion of the 31st item, factor loading of the 25th item of sleep yangseng 'go to bed and get up regularly' appeared to be proportional in 2 factor(factor 4=0.393 and factor 7=0.373). Since it was shown that the 25th item could not be classified into a category but interacted with others in common and didn't satisfy the minimum standard of 0.4, it was deleted form the questionnaires, too. 3. From the factor analysis conducted after excluding the item numbers 31 and 25, factor loading of the 12th item of diet yangseng 'do not eat much' turned out to be relatively high with such values as factor 5=0.518 and factor 3=0.453. As it was, however, tied up with the factor of exercise yangseng, it was also deleted. In conclusion, 28 items after excluding the item numbers 12, 25 and 31 form 4 group showed the same results as divided into 8 factor with high grade of reliability and validity, evidencing the assumption that they can be employed practically to measure yangseng of the elderly aged 65 and oder.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1999

강원도 경사지 토양의 토양 유실량을 산정하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 토양 유실 예측 공식의 새로운 모델인 RUSLE를 이용하기 위하여, 강원도의 산지, 고령지 평지 및 동해안 지대에 대한 지역별 강수 인자와 토양 인자를 산출하였다. 강수 인자 R 값은 평균 405.1로 251~601의 범위를 보였다. 강수인자는 지역별로 차이가 있었다. 고령지인 대관령에서 R 값이 409이며, 중산간지대인 인제와 홍천에서 370~493, 그리고 평지인 원주와 춘천에서의 R 값은 수원과 비슷한 505~601이었다. 동해안 지대인 속초, 강릉 그리고 삼척 등지에서는 251~368이었다. 고령지나 산간지의 R값은 평지 보다 낮고, 영동 지역은 영서지역 보다 낮다. 겨울 기간 중 동결과 융설을 고려한 R 값은 영서 지역에서 7%이하를 보였으나, 영동지역과 대관령 지역에서는 12~30%로 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 토양 인자 K 값은 표층토가 평균 0.21이었으며, 0.06에서 0.42의 범위를 보이고 있다. K값이 가장 낮은 토양은 유기물 함량이 높은 오대통과 월정통이며, K 값이 가장 높은 토양은 이 목통으로 실트의 함량이 높고 유기물 함량이 적은 토양이다. 심토의 평균 K값은 0.28로, 0.07에서 0.45의 범위를 보인다. 이는 표층토 보다 1.3배 높은 값이며, 표층토가 유실되어 심층토가 노출되면 토양 유실은 많아질 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 자갈의 피복 효과와 투수에 대한 영향을 고려하였을 때 K 값은 평균 0.18이었으며, 0.03에서 0.33의 범위를 보여 자갈의 영향을 고려하지 않은 경우 보다 15% 낮은 값을 갖는다. 심토가 동결된 상태에서의 K 값은 평균 0.33으로 동결되지 않은 토양의 1.6배로 평가된다. 조사된 평균 R 값과 K 값을 토양 유실예측 공식에 적용한 결과 강원도 경사지 밭토양에서 년간 14.6 MT 토양 유실을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 토양 유실을 줄일 수 있는 토양 관리 방안은 여러 가지가 있겠으나, 우선 고려해야 할 것이 토양유실이 적게 일어나는 작부 체계를 강구해야 한다. 키가 큰 옥수수를 단작하는 경우 C값이 높으나, 키가 작고 지면 피복이 (정 등. 1985). 목초의 경우는 0.08이므로, 경사도가 높아 보전 작물로 바람직하다. 효과적인 토양의 관리법으로 지표에 식물의 잔재물 등에 의 한 피복 효과를 극대화하는 방법이다. 특히 작물을 수확하고 난 후, 겨울 기간 동안 나지 상태로 방치하는 것은 해동기의 토양 유실을 가속화하게 된다. 특히 강원도의 산간지에서는 해동기의 토양 유실이 심할 가능성이 있으므로 겨울 동안의 피복 작물 재배 방법이 강구 되어야 한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.71-86
• /
• 2008

Purpose : This study was to examine the influence of job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technician on fatigue and job satisfaction. Methods : Subjects of this study were 228 Emergency Medical Technicians who worked at 119 Safety Center of total 92 fire stations in 12 cities of Gyeonggido including U, N, H, B, A, S, Y, G, G, G, P and I and the period of data collection was from July 11 to Sep. 10, 2007. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 version. Results : Conclusions of this study were as follows. 1) Factor related to organization among job stress factors had the greatest influence on fatigue (B = 0.334, p < 0.01), followed by crisis situation factor (B = 0.2042, p < 0.01), inappropriate treatment factor (B = 0.174, p < 0.05), role conflict factor as special job (B = 0.109, p < 0.05) and professional knowledge and technique factor (B = 0.109, p < 0.05), and the influence of job stress factors on fatigue was explained as $R^2=0.340$. 2) Mental burden factor of job stress factors had the greatest influence on job satisfaction (B = -0.606, p < 0.01), followed by organization factor (B = -0.473, p < 0.01) and interpersonal relation and conflict factor (B = -0.339, p < 0.01), and the influence of job stress factor on fatigue was explained as $R^2=0.308$. Conclusions : Job stress of 119 rescuer is increasing continuously and such an accumulated stress lowers the job efficiency. In order to reduce, job stress, it is important to extend(${\rightarrow}$ have) proper self-development, maintain close relationships and mutual correlations among members of organization in personal dimension and to solve the role conflicts, define the organizational roles and simplify excessive job description into concrete work.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 1998

We have made semi-analytical studies to investigate the configurations of caustics and the probability distribution of the flux factor K for the binary microlensing including external shears. A parametric equation of critical curve is derived in a 4th order complex polynomial. We present the topological dependencies of the caustics for selected gamma parameters (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.3, 2.0, and 2.5) and convergence terms (0., 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0). For the purpose of analyzing the efficiency of High Amplification Event (HAE) on each caustics, we examine the probability distribution of the flux factor by a Monte Carlo method. Changing the separation of the binary system from 0.8 to 1.3 (in normalied unit), we examine the probability distribution of the K-values in various gamma parameters. The relationship between gamma parameters, seperations and their probabilties of the flux factor K have been studied. Our results show that the relatively higher K values (K>1.5) are increased as increasing the separation of the binary system. We therfore conclude that, in the N-body microlensing, the probabilities of higher HAEs are inversely proportional to the star density as well. We also point out that the present research might be used as a preliminary step toward investigating heavy N-body microlensing simulations.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to calculate and analyze the engine load factor of major agricultural operations using a 78 kW class agricultural tractor for estimating the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse. Engine load data were collected using controller area network (CAN) communication. Main agricultural operations were selected as plow tillage (PT), rotary tillage (RT), baler operation (BO), loader operation (LO), driving on soil (DS), and driving on concrete (DC). The engine power was calculated using the measured engine load data. A weight factor was applied to load factor for considering usage ratio according to agricultural operations. Weight factors for different agricultural operations were calculated to be 27.4%, 32.9%, 17.5%, 7.7%, 4.5%, and 10.0% for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. As a result of the field test, load factors were 0.74, 0.93, 0.41, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.21 for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. The engine load factor was the highest for RT. Finally, as a result of applying the weight factor for usage ratio of agricultural operations, the integrated engine load factor was estimated to be 0.63, which was about 1.31 times higher than the conventional applied load factor of 0.48. In future studies, we plan to analyze the engine load factor by considering various horsepower and working conditions of the tractor.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
• /
• pp.300-303
• /
• 2003

[ $0.91(PSN-PZT)-0.05BF-0.04PNW+0.3wt%MnO_2+0.6wt%CuO+xwt%CeO_2$ ] ceramics were fabricated with the variations of $CeO_2$ addition at the sintering temperature of $950^{\circ}C$ and their microstructure and dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics were investigated. As the amount of $CeO_2$ addition increased, the grain size, density and electromechanical coupling factor(kp) were increased and the mechanical quality factor(Qm) was decreased. At the $0.3wt%CeO_2$, density, grain size and electromechanical factor(kp) showed the maximum value of $7.87g/cm^3$, $3.22{\mu}m$ and 0.5, respectively. However, mechanical quality factor(Qm) showed the minimum value of 807 at the $0.5wt%CeO_2$.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1302-1308
• /
• 2010

This study the change of the safety factor before and after the reinforcement were compared by performing the parameter research based on the limit equilibrium analysis regarding the same cross section after carrying out the safety factor before the reinforcement on the virtual section in order to observe the change of the safety factor of the slop reinforced with the slope planting reinforced earth, and the variation of the safety factor according to the increase of the length of the reinforcement materials and the change of the slope height was analyzed. As the result, the reinforcement effect was insignificant at no more than 0.6 of L/H, the reinforcement length ratio when the reinforcement length was increased, as the increase of the safety factor was slow comparing with the non-reinforced slope. At 3.0m of the slope height, reinforcement on the slope is not necessary, and at 3.0m to 5.0m of the slope height, the inclination was not influencing at no less than 0.6 of L/H. At 5.0m to 9.0m of the slope height, the safety factor was mostly secured on the slope at 0.8 of L/H and the over-reinforced slope appeared at no less than 1.0 of L/H. Also, the safety factor increased as the slope height increases and the slope gets steeper till 0.8 of L/H, but the slope steepness affects more on the increase of the safety factor than the reinforcement material, as the reinforcing force by the reinforcement material became steady.