• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2002

cows, in order to suggest a means for the improvement of milk production. A total of 30 Holstein cows (3rd to 5th of parity) were used and assigned to two groups according This study investigated blood biochemical values between high and low yielding dairy to milk production levels at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum. Milk production of group A was less than an average of 27 kg/day and that of group B was an average of 30 kg/day. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from each cow six times at 15 days before the anticipated calving date, within 12 hours postpartum (0 days) and at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after calving. In serum mineral concentrations, group B was consistently higher than group A in both Mg and Ca. Inorganic phosphorus concentrations showed a little fluctuation between the groups at antepartum and at postpartum, but group B was significantly higher than group A at 15 and 30 days after calving (p < 0.05). In serum biochemical values cholesterol concentrations were consistently higher in group B except at 0 days. BUN and glucose concentrations did not differ between the groups. The concentration of vitamin A of group B was significantly higher than group A at 15 days before the anticipated calving date and at 15 days postpartum (p < 0.01), but at 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum vitamin A concentration of both groups were similar. Vitamin E concentration did not differ between the groups during the experimental period. Results of this study suggest that raising the levels of Mg, Ca, Pi and vitamin A in serum would be effective in increasing milk production of low producing cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.605-610
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• 2006

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of slaughtering at different ages and the use of a commercial probiotic (115-Biogallinox) in broiler diets on the color properties of carcasses, during the first 24 h following slaughter. Ross 308 male broiler chickens obtained from a commercial hatchery were raised to either 35 or 42 days of age. Chickens were fed with different levels of probiotic ($P_0$: 0.0%, $P_1$: 0.1% and $P_2$: 0.2%) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the experimental period. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered and then stored at $3^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The pH and skin colour of carcasses were determined 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 24 h after slaughter. Although the use of probiotic and post-mortem ageing time affected the pH (p<0.01), it was not affected by slaughter age (35 and 42 days) (p>0.05). The highest pH values occurred in carcasses of broilers fed 0.2% probiotic. The pH values of carcasses decreased with post-mortem ageing time (p<0.01). Main factors (treatment, slaughter age and post-mortem ageing time) had an effect on colour ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) values (p<0.01). $L^*$ values of 42d-old slaughter and $P_2$ group were lower than those of 35d-old slaughter and other probiotic groups. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of 35d-old slaughter were lower than those of 42d-old slauhgter. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased during post-mortem ageing (p<0.01). It was determined that changing of the colour traits of broiler carcasses was correlated with probiotic, pH and post-mortem ageing time. Also, it was observed that darkness of carcass colour increased as time progressed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.476-485
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the color distribution of the maxillary primary central and lateral incisors using a dental spectrophotometer. Color measurements of maxillary primary central and lateral incisors of 32 pediatric patients aged 2 to 6 years were performed using SpectroShade Handy Dental Type 713000 (Serial No. HDL2678, MHT, Verona, Italy) by one researcher in the same clinic. CIE L*, a*, b* values of total surfaces and cervical, middle, incisal region were recorded. L* values were higher and a* values were lower in the primary central incisors than those in primary lateral incisors, but b* values didn't show statistical difference. L* values of the middle region were the highest, and a* and b* values decreased from the cervical region to the incisal region. There were significant color differences between each region, and ΔE*_ab between each region were greater than ΔE*_ab between the primary central and lateral incisors. For esthetic restorations of primary incisors, it is necessary to consider the color differences between each region rather than those between the primary central and lateral incisors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.8
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• pp.201-210
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• 1994

We proposed so-called AFHR (adaptable fuzzy hyper-resolution principle) that can manipulate uncertain knowledge and tune the range of resolution. The AFHR can make a rangable resolution to execute an efficient resolution and can represent linguistic truth values. In this paper, we introduce new concepts of law of contrary, meaningless range level for truth values and strict degree of adaptable resolution. We show that the differences of AFHR and existing fuzzy resolution. Finally we prove completeness of AFHR.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

Chilling temperature and colony development in Korean native bumblebee, Bombus ignitus and introduced B. terrestris were firstly investigated. Among four chilling temperatures of -2.5, 0, 2.5 and 5$^{\circ}C$, 2.5$^{\circ}C$ showed the best result at the survival rate after artificial hibernation in both species. The survival rate after chilling was somewhat higher in B. ignitus until three months of cold treatment, but it was higher in B. terrestris at four months of cold treatment. In colony development of queens broken diapause by CO$_2$ treatment, oviposition rate and preoviposition period of B. ignitus were 72.5％ and 17.4 days, respectively. These values were 6.1％ higher and 7.4 days shorter than those of B. terrestris. The period up to colony foundation, the first male and queen emergence of B. ignitus were 62.8,66.4 and 63.0 days, respectively, and these values were 2.1-29.5 days shorter than those of B. terrestris. But, the duration up to first worker emergence of B. ignitus and B. terrexrris did not differ as 28.6 and 28.4 days, respectively. On the other hand, the rate of colony foundation and progeny-queen production of B. terrestris, which are the important indication in evaluating the quality of colony, were 14.2 and 13.5％, respectively and these values are 3.8 to 5.7 fold higher than those of B. ignitus. Besides, the numbers of progenies of B. terrestris reached 104.2 workers, 317.9 males and 21.1 queens, which corresponded to 1.1-1.8 fold those at B. ignitus. Therefore, above results showed that colony development of B. terrestris is superior to that of B. ignitus.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.683-690
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of high-b-values diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the preoperative detection of focal rectum cancers. 60patients with diffusion weighted imaging were evaluated for the presence of rectal cancers. Forty were male and twenty were female, and their ages ranged from 38 to 71 (mean, 56) years. Used equipment was 1.5Tesla MRI((GE, General Electric Medical System, Excite HD). Examination protocols were used the fast spin echo T2, T1 weighted imaging. All examination protocols were performed by the same location with diffusion weighted imaging for accuracy detection. The b-values used in DWI were 250, 500, 750, 1000. 1500, 2000$(s/mm^2)$. The rectum, bladder to tumor contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MR images were quantitativlely analyzed using GE software Functool tool, four experienced radiologists and three radiotechnologists qualitatively evaluated image quality in terms of image artifacts, lesion conspicuity and rectal wall. These data were analysed by using ANOVA and Freedman test with each b-value(p<0.05). Contrast to noise ratio of rectum, bladder and tumor in b-value 1000 were 27.21, 24.44, respectively(p<0.05) and aADC value was $0.73\times10^{-3}$. As a qualitative analysis, the conspicuity and discrimination from the rectal wall of lesions were high results as $4.0\pm0.14$, $4.4\pm0.16$ on b-value 1000(p<0.05), image artifacts were high results as $4.8\pm0.25$ on b-value 2000(p<0.05). In conclusion, DWI was provided useful information with depicting the pre-operative detection of rectal cancers, High-b-value 1000 image was the most excellent DWI value.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2004

The possible mechanisms of decreased monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities in cholestatic rat liver were studied. Hepatic and serum MAG activities were determined from the experimental rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL). The Michaelis-Menten constants in these hepatic enzymes were also measured. The activities of mitochondrial MAO A and B, and mircosomal MAO B as well as their Vmax values were found to be decreased significantly in CBDL plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group than in the control group, such as CBDL alone groups. However, their Km values in the experimental groups did not vary. Serum MAO activity increased significantly in the CBDL plus TCA injected group than in the control group. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the MAO in the liver. The elevated activity of the serum MAO is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability ofhepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1759-1762
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• 2003

This paper proposes the method that design CLUT(color look-up table) simultaneously processing gamut mapping and color space conversion using only LUT without complex computation. After we construct LUT composed of scanner gamut and printer gamut, we extend L$\^$*/a$\^$*/b$\^$*/ points based on input L$\^$*/a$\^$*/b$\^$*/ to include input scanner L$\^$*/a$\^$*/b$\^$*/ Input RGB image of scanner is converted into CIEL$\^$*/a$\^$*/b$\^$*/ using regression (unction. CIELAB values of scanner are convened into CMY values including gamut mapping processing without additional gamut mapping using the proposed CLUT. In the experiments, the proposed method resulted in the similar color difference, but reduced the complexity computation compared with processing gamut mapping and color space conversion respectively

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 1991

OSU89B is analysed for study about the geoidal undulation and the vertical deflection in and around the korean peninsula. Geoidal undulations vary from 3m to 35m in this area referred to GRS1980 ellipsoid. $\xi$values vary from -8.9" to 8.0" and $\eta$values vary from -13. 1" to 9.0". High westward deflection is a distinctive feature in and around the Korean peninsula.he Korean peninsula.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 2012

In this paper, we present the forward link ACM method to improve the link availability and system throughput. Also, we compare the prediction algorithm between slope based prediction and LMS algorithm. The simulation results show that the 99% of predicted values in LMS algorithm is within 3dB and that of predicted values in the slope based prediction method is within 4.5dB.