• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2018

An increase in the global production of biodiesel has resulted in the newfound significance of its byproduct, glycerol. The synthesis of acetins is an economical avenue to enhance the value of glycerol derived from biodiesel. WE developed an eco-friendly process for the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using a mixed oxide $SO{_4}^{2-}/CeO_2-Al_2O_3$ as catalyst. The $CeO_2-Al_2O_3$ mixed oxide was synthesized by the combustion method and then sulfated. The characterization of the catalyst was by means of XRD, BET, FTIR, and SEM. The influence of temperature, mole ratio and catalyst loading on yield and selectivity of the acetins was studied for the esterification of glycerol. The reaction rate constants ($k_1$, $k_2$ and $k_3$) were estimated using optimization method in MAT lab, and the activation energies ($E_1$, $E_2$ and $E_3$) were determined by the Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, a kinetic model was developed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2001

우리나라의 주 양식 대상종인 참전복의 성장이나 육질을 개선시킬 수 있는 배합사료의 첨가제로서 한약제인 어보산의 효능을 평가하기 위해 대조사료와 한약제 첨가사료로 3회의 사육실험을 실시하였다. 평균체중 206mg, 827mg 및 432rng의 참전복을 대상으로 사료당 3반복으로 각각 10주간 (실험 1), 7주간 (실험 2) 및 19주간 (실험 3) 사육 실험한 결과, 모든 실험에서 생존율은 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 모든 실험에서 Obosan-C 첨가구의 체중 및 각장 성장은 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 평균체중 432mg의 치패을 대상으로 19주간 사육 실험 3의 경우에는 Obosan-O 첨가 실험구의 체중 및 각장 성장이 대조구보다 유의하게 높았다 (P<0.05). 실험 종료시 전복 가식부의 수분, 단백질 및 회분 함량은 각 실험에서 한약제 첨가구와 대조구간에 차이가 없었으나, 실험 2에서 전복 가식부의 찌질 함량은 Obosan-C 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의하게 낮은 갔을 보였다 (P<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 배합사료에 Obosan-O 첨가는 참전복의 성장을 개선시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.314-318
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• 2005

The effect of reaction parameters in the characteristic of $Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ (below nominal PZT) powders by SHS was investigated in this study. In the preparation of PZT, the effect of starting material contents, pressure, additive on phase fraction and morphology was investigated respectively. The optimum condition of PZT powders were prepared by SHS is $0.37Pb_3O_4+0.52ZrO_2+0.48TiO_2+0.35KClO_3+0.5C,\;(P_{Ar}= 50 atm)$. The PZT powder synthesized in this condition had an spherical shape and the particle size of 0.8$\mu$m.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1230-1231
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• 2008

The effect of content of $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ sintering additives on the densification behavior, mechanical and electrical properties of the pressureless-sintered $SiC-ZrB_2$ electroconductive ceramic composites was investigated. The $SiC-ZrB_2$ electroconductive ceramic composites were pressureless-sintered for 2 hours at 1,700[$^{\circ}C$] temperatures with an addition of $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$(6:4 mixture of $Al_2O_3$ and $Y_2O_3$) as a sintering aid in the range of 8${\sim}$20[wt%]. Phase analysis of $SiC-ZrB_2$ composites by XRD revealed mostly of ${\alpha}$-SiC(6H), $ZrB_2$ and In Situ YAG($Al_5Y_3O_{12}$). The relative density, flexural strength, Young's modulus and vicker's hardness showed the highest value of 89.01[%], 81.58[Mpa], 31.437[GPa] and 1.34[GPa] for $SiC-ZrB_2$ composites added with 16[wt%] $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ additives at room temperature respectively. Abnormal grain growth takes place during phase transformation from ${\beta}$-SiC into ${\alpha}$-SiC was correlated with In Situ YAG phase by reaction between $Al_2O_3$ and $Y_2O_3$ additive during sintering. Compositional design and optimization of processing parameters are key factors for controlling and improving the properties of SiC-based electroconductive ceramic composites. In this paper, it is convinced that ${\beta}$-SiC based electroconductive ceramic composites for heaters or ignitors can be manufactured by pressureless sintering.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

The effects of additives (Nb, Bi and Cr) on the microstructure, varistor properties, and aging behavior of V/Mn/Co/ La/Dy co-doped zinc oxide ceramics were systematically investigated. An analysis of the microstructure showed that all of the ceramics that were modified with various additives were composed of zinc oxide grain as the main phase, and secondary phases such as $Zn_3(VO_4)_2$, $ZnV_2O_4$, and $DyVO_4$. The $Bi_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the lowest density, the $Nb_2O_5$-modified sample exhibited the largest average grain size, and the $Cr_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the highest breakdown field. All additives improved the non-ohmic coefficient (${\alpha}$) by either a small or a large margin, and in particular an $Nb_2O_5$ additive noticeably increased the non-ohmic coefficient to be as large as 36. The $Bi_2O_3$-modified samples exhibited the highest stability with variation rates for the breakdown field and for the non-ohmic coefficient (${\alpha}$) of -1.2% and -26.3%, respectively, after application of a DC accelerated aging stress of 0.85 EB/$85^{\circ}C$/24 h.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2003

아연 양극의 성능을 향상시킬 목적으로 4가지 종류의 첨가제의 효과를 연구하였다. $Pb_3O_4(0.5, \;1.0&\;2.0wt\%)$와 4가지 종류의 첨가제$(0.4wt\%\;of\;Ca(OH)_2,\;0.025M\;of\;Citrate,\;tartrate\;and\;Gluconate)를\;40wt\%$ KOH 전해질 용액에 용해시켜 부식전위 측정, 분극실험, 충$\cdot$방전 사이클 수명시험을 행하였다. 부식전위는 시간이 흐름에 따라 높은 방향으로 이행하였고 $Pb_3O_4$의 량이 증가함에 따라 반복적으로 전위가 상승과 하강을 거듭하였다. 더욱이 내식성은 무첨가의 경우에 비해 확실하게 증가하였고 첨가제가 들어간 경우 충$\cdot$방전 특성이 향상되었다. SEM사진을 분석한 결과 $0.5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$ 만을 첨가한 경우와 Tartrate가 첨가된 경우의 표면 형상이 유사하였으며, 다른 첨가제의 경우 표면에 수지상 결정의 성장이 나타났다. 결과적으로 다른 첨가제와 비교하여 Tartrate의 경우 내식성 효과뿐만 아니라 충$\cdot$방전 특성도 우수함을 보여주었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.204-208
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• 1991

In this paper, the radiation properties of a far-Infrared using a PTC thermistor, the $BaTiO_3$+1.63mol% $Al_2O_3$+3.75mol% $SiO_2$+1.25mol% $TiO_2$(1/3 $Al_2O_3+xSiO_2$+(1-x) $TiO_2$; total x: 6.67mol%) ceramics, in order to progress the grade resistivity characteristics, by adding an ethanol solution of $Mn(NO_3){\cdot}6H_2O$ was investigated. The ceramics was fabricated by wet-mill method. The sintering temperature read 1300-1350$[^{\circ}C]$ and the holding time was 3 hours. The quantity of $Sb_2O_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ for an activation of the far-infrared radiation in ceramics was doped. In sintering, R-T property was measured by varying the grade temperature. The anatase-lighting apparatus and microstructures by using XRD and SEM were observed. $Sb_2O_3$. oxides additive. affected the semiconducting and emissivity and MnO was devoted an increase of resistivity. The specimen which only $Sb_2O_3$ is added to was high appeared far-infrared emissivity and Mno was not affacted the far-infrared radiation. The ceramics shows that it is effective in the structure of the human bodies as organic bodies and can be applied as electron device.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

The magnetron reactive ion etching (RIE) characteristics of polycrystalline (poly) 3C-SiC grown on $SiO_2$/Si substrate by APCVD were investigated. Poly 3C-SiC was etched by $CHF_3$ gas, which can form a polymer as a function of side wall protective layers, with additive $O_2$ and Ar gases. Especially, it was performed in magnetron RIE, which can etch SiC at lower ion energy than a commercial RIE system. Stable etching was achieved at 70 W and the poly 3C-SiC was undamaged. The etch rate could be controlled from $20\;{\AA}/min$ to $400\;{\AA}/min$ by the manipulation of gas flow rates, chamber pressure, RF power, and electrode gap. The best vertical structure was improved by the addition of 40 % $O_2$ and 16 % Ar with the $CHF_3$ reactive gas. Therefore, poly 3C-SiC etched by magnetron RIE can expect to be applied to M/NEMS applications.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 1998

We investigated the possibility of systemizing data for the colour gradation of classical ceramics by build-ing program and D-basing each data information in pottery field that has been fall behind in forming data be-cause of many variable and lacking of data system. In this study we manufactured $CoAl_2O_4$ stain that has stable spinel structure at high temperature and then mixed base glaze with stain for the additive per-centage of 0.5 , 1, 5, 10, 15 wt% In thie colouring of Lime base glaze with the wide ranged melting tem-perature the colour development of cobalt-blue sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ is better than that of $1150^{\circ}C$ $1350^{\circ}C$ The experimental conditions and data are D-based simulated programming of computer. The result of -based data appeared to be more smoothed fusion-adherence in the Matt glaze range of Lime base glaze, The variation of colouring is not found when additive content of glaze is more than 5 wt% and the stable colour development of stain was shown at the content that RO, $R_2O$ percentage is high (the content that R2O3 per-centage is low)

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Silicon carbide with aluminium oxide was used to remove the sulphur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) gas using microwave irradiation. The destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) of $SF_6$ were studies as a function of various decomposition temperatures and microwave powers. The decomposition of $SF_6$ gas was analyzed using GC-TCD. XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) and XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) were used to characterize the properties of aluminum oxide. DREs of $SF_6$ were increased as the microwave powers were increased. Additive aluminium oxide on SiC increased the removal efficiencies and decreased the decomposition temperature. The XRD results show that the ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was transformed to ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ during $SF_6$ decomposition by microwave irradiation. It was found that the best material to control $SF_6$ was SiC with $Al_2O_3$ 30 wt% in consideration of microwave energy consumption and $SF_6$ decomposition rate.