• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2001

In Recent results suggested that doping $Ta_2O_5$ with a small amount of $TiO_2$ using standard ceramic processing techniques can increase the dielectric constant of $Ta_2O_5$ significantly. In this paper, this concept is studied using RTCVD (Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition). Ti-doped $Ta_2O_5$ films are deposited using $TaC_{12}H_{30}O_5N$, $C_8H_{24}N_4Ti$, and $O_2$ on both Si and $NH_3$-nitrided Si substrates. An $NH_3$-based interface layer at the Si surface is used to prevent interfacial oxidation during the CVD process and post deposition annealing is performed in $H_2/O_2$ ambient to improve film quality and reduce leakage current. A sputtered TiN layer is used as a diffusion barrier between the Al gate electrode and the $TaTi_xO_y$ dielectric. XPS analyses confirm the formation of a ($Ta_2O_5)_{1-x}(TiO_2)_x$ composite oxide. A high quality $TaTi_xO_y$ gate stack with EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness) of $7{\AA}$ and leakage current $Jg=O.5A/textrm{cm}^2$ @ Vg=-1.0V has been achieved. We have also succeeded in forming a $TaTi_x/O_y$ composite oxide by rapid thermal oxidation of the as-deposited CVD TaTi films. The electrical properties and Jg-EOT characteristics of these composite oxides are remarkably similar to that of RTCVD $Ta_2O_5, suggesting that the dielectric constant of $Ta_2O_5$ is not affected by the addition of $TiO_2$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2008

Agrobacterium공동배양법으로 오이의 기관발생을 통한 형질전환에서 가장 문제점 중 하나는 chimeric 형질전환체의 발생빈도이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 항생제로서 paromomycin이 첨가된 선발배지에서 "은성" 품종의 배축절편으로부터 체세포배발생을 통한 형질전환시스템을 개발하였다. 배축절편을 pPPTN290발현벡터가 도입된 Agrobacterium 균주 (EHA101)에 30분간 접종한 후 2일간 공동배양 하였고, 선발배지에서 2주 간격으로 5회 계대 배양하면서 항생제 저항성 캘러스 선발, 체세포배발생 및 식물체를 유도하였다. pPPTN290발현벡터의 T-DNA는 reporter유전자로서 Ubi 프로모터에 의해 gus유전자가 발현조절 되도록 그리고 항생제로서 paromomycin에 저항성을 갖는 nptII유전자가 35S 프로모터에 의해 발현되도록 제조하였다. 안정적 형질전환과 빈도는 캘러스의 paromomycin항생제 저항성과 GUS유전자의 발현 여부에 의해 조사하였다. Agrobacterium과 공동배양한 928개의 배축절편에서 paromomycin에 저항성을 갖는 56개의 캘러스 클론을 얻었고, 이중 48개 캘러스 클론 (5.2%)에서 GUS유전자가 안정적으로 발현되고 있음을 확인하였다. 48개의 캘러스 클론중에서 오직 5개의 캘러스 클론으로부터 식물체를 얻어 낮은 빈도 (0.5%)를 나타냈다. 수확한 $T_1$종자에서 GUS양성반응은 gus유전자가 오이 게놈에 안정적으로 도입 및 발현되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-core set (ICF-core set) for children and youth (CY) with cerebral palsy (CP) provides a useful conceptual framework and a guide for health care planning and measuring the changes brought by interventions across a multitude of dimensions from body functions to personal activities, social participation, and environmental factors for them. Objects: This single case study was reported to illustrate the use of a goal directed approach in applying the ICF-core set for CY with CP from a physical therapist perspective. Methods: An eleven year old boy with spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V, and his mother participated in an evaluation of his functioning state. The intervention goal was set through an interview using the ICF-core set, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Physical therapy was carried out on an outpatient basis using a goal directed approach for 30 min, 1 time/week during 12 weeks and the boy's gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 version (item set 2) before and after the intervention. Results: As measured by the boy's mother, the COPM score showed a meaningful clinical change (performance=mean 3.5, satisfaction=mean 2.5) and the T-score of GAS changed 34.4 after the goal directed approach. The GMFM-66 (item set 2) score changed from 31.8 to 38.7 and evaluation using the ICF-core set displayed improvement in 6 items of activity level between before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The ICF-core set for CY with CP is useful for understanding the overall functioning of CY with this condition and provides an opportunity to share and integrate information and opinions from different disciplines. We consider it as a useful tool in the universal language for the therapy and education of CY with CP.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

대한민국 대천 해수로부터 agarase를 생산하는 균주 H9을 분리하였다. 본 균주는 16S rRNA 염기 염기서열 분석결과로부터 Pseudoalteromonas espejiana NCIMB2127^T (98.98%), Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ATCC12662^T (98.78%), Pseudoalteromonas atlantica IAM12927^T (98.64%), Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii KMM3549^T (98.63%) 등과 높은 상동성을 보였다. 균주 H9은 genomic DNA 내 G+C 농도가 41.56%이고 주요 퀴논으로 quinone-8을 포함하고 있다. 균주 H9의 주요 지방산으로 C_16:1ω7c (34.3%), C_16:0 (23.72%), C_18:1ω7c (13.64%) 등이 포함되었다. 이러한 유전적, 생리적 특성에 따라 균주 H9은 Pseudoalteromonas 속의 균으로 분류하여 Pseudoalteromonas sp. H9으로 명명하였다. 균주 H9이 세포외부로 분비하는 총 agarase는 40-45℃와 pH 7.0-8.0의 조건에서 높은 효소 활성을 갖으며, agarose를 분해하여 (neo)agarotetraose와 (neo)agarohexaose를 생산하였다. 균주 H9은 한천분해를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있으며, 다양한 생리활성을 갖는 (neo)agarooligosaccharide는 기능성 식품, 화장품 등의 산업에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2009

태양 주기 23 기간 동안 발생한 태양 고에너지 양성자 이벤트(Solar Proton Events, SPE)와 그와 연관된 코로나 물질 방출(Corona Mass Ejection, CME) 사이의 상관관계를 통계적으로 살펴보았다. 1997-2006년 동안 일어난 63개의 SPE-CME 데이터 쌍을 조사해 본 결과, CME의 속도는 SPE의 상승 시간(rise time) 및 지속 시간(duration time) 등과 상관 계수가 높게 나타났다. 특별히 CME의 지구방향 인자(earthward direction parameter)는 SPE의 최대 플럭스와 높은 상관 계수를 보여 주었다. 기존의 태양 플레어 세기가 SPE의 세기에 미치는 영향은 CME의 지구방향 인자가 SPE의 플럭스의 세기에 미치는 영향과 그 상관계수가 유사하게 나타났다. 특히 SPE와 CME 지구 방향 인자와의 상관관계가 좋은 데이터들의 공통적인 특성은 모두 매우 빠른(>1400km/s) halo CME인 것으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.42-42
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• 2012

The First stars (Pop.III stars) in the universe are expected to be formed between the recombination era at z - 1100 and the most distant quasar (z - 8). They have never been directly detected due to its faintness so far, but can be observed as a background radiation at around 1${\mu}m$ which is called the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background (CNB). Main part of the CNB is thought to be redshifted Lyman-alpha from gas clouds surrounding the Pop.III stars. Until now, the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer) and the IRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) observed excess emission over the background due to galaxies. To confirm the COBE and the IRTS results and pursue more observational evidences, we carried out the sounding rocket experiment named the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER). The CIBER is successfully launched on July 10, 2010 at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, USA. It consists of three kinds of instruments. We report the results obtained by LRS (Low Resolution Spectrometer) which is developed to fill the uncovered spectrum around 1${\mu}m$. LRS is a refractive telescope of 5.5 cm aperture with spectral resolution of 20 - 30 and wavelength coverage of 0.7 to 2.0${\mu}m$. After subtracting foreground components (zodiacal light, integrated star light and diffuse galactic light) from the sky brightness of observed five fields, there remained significant residual emission (even for the lower limit case) consistent with the IRTS and the COBE results. In addition, there exists a clear gap at 0.7 - 0.8${\mu}m$ in the CNB spectrum over the background due to galaxies according to recent results (Matsuoka et al. 2011; Mattila et al. 2011). The origin of the excess emission could be ascribed to the Pop.III stars with its active era of z = 7 - 10.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1995

In the experiment I for maas production of bovine early embryos, 18~20hpi fertilized eggs (756 eggs) and parthenogenic eggs (618 eggs) which were treated by 10% ethanol were cultured in both TGM and CZB. In the experiment II, suppiment effects each in CZB and CRlaa were tested by matured and fertilized oocytes which were after 18~20hpi. In the case of experiment I after 48hr, the cleavage rates of normally fertilized eggs were 66.6% in TCM treatment and 77.7% in CZB treatment, and after 240h the blastocysts were 7.5% in TCM and 14.1% in CZB. In the parthenogenic eggs, the deavage rates at 48hr were 39.6% in TCM and 57.5% in CZB, and at 240h, the blastocysts were 0.9% in TCM and 4.4% in CZB. These results showed that the effects of CZB on developmental ability to parthenogenic eggs as well as nomally fertilized eggs are relatively high. In experiment W, the effect of exposing the cleaved embryos to CZB for 30h on the blastocyst formation was examined. Similar rates of blastocyst formation were obtained both in TCM and CZB, suggesting that CZB exposure. during ealry development is critical. In experiments III ~ V, the effects of supplements were examined. The cleavage rates of CZB treatments at 48h were 83.8% in control, 78.1% in BSA+A.A+SIT, 75% in 5% FCS+A. A+SIT, 88.6% in BSA+A.A+SIT and not co-cultured BSA+A.A+SIT had 85.7% and in the case of 240h blastocysts showed 22.6, 0.0, fl.1, 6.5 and 0%, respectively. As a result, this study showed that CZB was effective culture system for in vitro development, and that CZB and CR$_1$aa had no significant differences and effects between them. It may be concluded that in the simple media containing supplements could replace the co-culture systems of bovine early embryo development.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1426-1431
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 재조합 Bacillus subtilis에서 발현된 Streptomyces albus KSM-35유래의 amylase를 정제하고 특성을 구명하였다. 정제된 효소는 SDS-PAGE를 통하여 분자량이 약 50 kD인 것으로 밝혀졌으며, isoelectric focusing을 통하여 측정된 pI값은 약 4.3이었다. 효소의 최적 반응온도는 $45^{\circ}C$이었으며 최적의 pH는 6.0이었다. D-value는 45, $55^{\circ}C$에서 각각 279분, 191분이었고 D-value로부터 계산된 Z-value는 $17.7^{\circ}C$였다. 수용성 전분용액을 기질로 사용한 효소반응의 초기에는 maltotriose, maltopentaose와 maltotetraose가 주로 생성되었지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 이들의 농도는 감소하였고 maltose의 농도가 점차 증가하였다. 이러한 반응 생성물의 분해는 Thin layer chromatography를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 기질에 의한 저해가 없다고 가정하고 Michaelis-Menten kinetics를 이용하여 속도상수를 추정하였을 때 최대 반응속도는 0.37 mM/min, Michaelis-Menten 상수는 0.13% (w/v)로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.553-568
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• 2020

Steel-concrete composite structures have been extensively used in building, bridges, and other civil engineering infrastructure. Shear stud connectors between steel and concrete are essential in composite members to guarantee the effectiveness of their behavior in terms of strength and deformability. This study focuses on investigating the shear stiffness of headed studs embedded in several types of concrete with wide range of compressive strength, and their effects on the elastic behavior of steel-concrete composite girders were evaluated. Firstly, totally 206 monotonic push-out tests from the literature were reviewed to investigate the shear stiffness of headed studs embedded in various types of concrete (NC, HPC, UHPC etc.). Shear stiffness of studs is defined as the secant stiffness of the load-slip curve at 0.5V_u, and a formulation for predicting defined shear stiffness in elastic state was proposed, indicating that the stud diameter and the elastic modulus of steel and concrete are the main factors. And the shear stiffness predicted by the new formula agree well with test results for studs with a diameter ranging from 10 to 30 mm in the concrete with compressive strength ranging from 22.0 to 200.0MPa. Then, the effects of shear stiffness on the elastic behaviors of composite girders with different sizes and under different loading conditions were analyzed, the equations for calculating the stress and deformation of simply supported composite girders considering the influence of connection's shear stiffness were derived under different loading conditions using classical linear partial-interaction theory. As the increasing of shear stiffness, the stress and deflection at the most unfavorable section under partial connected condition tend to be those under full connected condition, but the approaching speed decreases gradually. Finally, the connector's shear stiffness was recommended for fully connection in composite girders with different dimensions under different loading conditions. The findings from present study may provide a reference for the prediction of shear stiffness for headed studs and the elastic design of steel-concrete composite girder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1776-1783
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• 2006

Despite being a rich source of protein (28-34%), karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is found to be bitter in taste and toxic in nature owing to the presence of flavonoid (karanjin), tannin and trypsin inhibitor, thereby restricting its safe inclusion in poultry rations. Feeding of karanj cake at higher levels (>10%) adversely affected the growth performance of poultry due to the presence of these toxic factors. Therefore, efforts were made to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods such as dry heat, water washing, pressure cooking, alkali and acid treatments and microbiological treatment with Sacchraromyces cerevisiae (strain S-49). The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and tannin and trypsin inhibitor was quantified by titrametric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The karanjin, tannin and trypsin inhibitor levels in such solvent and expeller pressed karanj cake were 0.132, 3.766 and 6.550 and 0.324, 3.172 and 8.513%, respectively. Pressure-cooking of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) substantially reduced the karanjin content at a cake:water ratio of 1:0.5 with 30-minute cooking. Among chemical methods, 1.5% (w/w) NaOH was very effective in reducing the karanjin content. $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment was also equally effective in karanjin reduction, but at a higher concentration of 3.0% (w/w). A similar trend was noticed with respect to treatment of expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC). Pressure cooking of EKC was effective in reducing the karanjin level of the cake. Among chemical methods alkali treatment [2% (w/w) NaOH] substantially reduced the karanjin levels of the cake. Other methods such as water washing, dry heat, HCl, glacial acetic acid, urea-ammoniation, combined acid and alkali, and microbiological treatments marginally reduced the karanjin concentration of SKC and EKC. Treatment of both SKC and EKC with 1.5% and 2.0% NaOH (w/w) was the most effective method in reducing the tannin content. Among the various methods of detoxification, dry heat, pressure cooking and microbiological treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were substantially effective in reducing the trypsin inhibitor activity in both SKC and EKC. Based on reduction in karanjin, in addition to tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity, detoxification of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3% $Ca(OH)_2$, w/w) and with 2% NaOH were more effective. Despite the effectiveness of pressure cooking in reducing the karanjin content, it could not be recommended for detoxification because of the practical difficulties in adopting the technology as well as for economic considerations.