• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.25-51
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• 2010

This report describes 214 prescriptions including Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma in Dongeuibogam. Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various diseases. The following conclusions are reached through investigations on the applications of prescriptions including Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma in Dongeuibogam. 1. 34 times(15.9%) prescriptions are recorded in women chapter, 24 times(11.2%) in wind chapter, 13 times(6.1%) in children chapter and 12 times(5.6%) in intumescence chapter, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Treating blood, stroke and fetal movement are ranked top, regulating blood, headache, cataract, carbunculosis, pregnancy, abortion, underdevelopment, etc, among 137 symptoms in prescriptions including Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma. 3. The dosages of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma are ranged from 2.5 pun~6 nyang. 1 jeon is recorded 54 times(25.2%), 7 pun is 29 times(13.6%), 5 pun is 24 times(11.2%), 1 nyang is 21 times(9.8%), same amount is 11 times(5.1%), 5 pun is 10 times(4.7%), 8 pun is 9 times(4.2%) used among 187 prescriptions including Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma. 4. The dosages of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma are ranged from 2.5 pun~6 nyang. 2.5 pun~1.5 jeon, 2 jeon~6 nyang, same amount which are recorded by percent(decoction groups: the other groups) are 69.0%(98.0:2.0%), 25.5%(18.5:81.5%), 5.1%(18.2:81.8%) respectively. The less using dosage of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controling menstrual pain, enhancing blood and chi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in epilepsy, chronic diseases, etc. 5. The 214 prescriptions including Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Goongguitang, Samooltang, Sagoonjatang and Gobangpoongtang, etc.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2006

In oriental medicine, Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma are frequently used materials for the cardiac disorder(palpitaion), brain disorder(sleep disorder, forgetfulness, confused mind, dizziness). Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescription book. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編), Polygalae Radix is usually used 1don(錢)(4g) and Acori Graminei Rhizoma is used 1don(錢)(4g). The most important fact is that, in contrast to most people know that Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma are used most prescription at the same time, the prescription used Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma at the same time is merely 3. (Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun percentage of Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma is 0.64%). The number of prescription Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is total 16. 10 in sang-tong(上統), 4 in jung-tong(中統), 2 in ha-tong(下統). The ratio of Polygalae Radix in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is 0.41%~14.28%. And the ratio of Acori Graminei Rhizoma is 4%~16.66%. The mostly quoted medical literature what prescription included Polygalae Radix & Acori Graminei Rhizoma in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is Tae-Pypng-Ha-Jae-Guk-Bang.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.683-690
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• 2015

Two basic FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) algorithms are the DIT(Decimation-In-Time) and the DIF (Decimation-In-Frequency). In spite of the advantage of the DIT algorithm is to generate a sequential output, various structures have not been made. In this paper, a new DIT Radix-4 FFT butterfly structure are proposed and implemented using Verilog coding. Through synthesis, it is shown that the 64-point FFT is implemented by 6.78 million gates. Since the proposed FFT structure has the advantage of a sequential output, it can be used in OFDM communication SoC(System on a Chip) which need a high speed FFT output.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2001

1. $\ll$Graphical Materia Medica$\gg$ is first book that writes about Rehmanniae Radix Preparat. $\ll$Shen nong's herbal$\gg$ is only written about Rehmanniae Radix. 2. After the $\ll$Decoction Materia Medica$\gg$, orintal dortors use Rehmanniae Radix's effect is removing heat from the blood and Rehmanniae Radix's effect is enriching the blood. 3. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is kinds of durgs for enriching the blood, because Rehmanniae Radix Preparat's effect do nourishing yin and supplementing blood. Therefore, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is uesd simple recipe or Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is used with another herbs that shows so good effect of hematogenous functions at laboratory work. 4. Bone marrow is doing hematogenesis. That has relation to Rehmanniae Radix Preparat's effect is replenishing bone marrow, it's channel tropisms are liver kidney channels. 5. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat's guide component is 5-HMF, but effective component has relation with hematogenesis is mannitol of saccharides. And we need more reserch about Rehmanniae Radix Preparat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1777-1780
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• 2005

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)은 제 4 세대 기술로 일컬어지는 변조 방식으로 최근 유럽의 디지털 오디오 방송(DAB)과 디지털 비디오 방송(DVB)에 표준으로 사용되고 있으며, IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN 및 디지털 가입자라인 xDSL 에서도 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 OFDM 모뎀 구현의 핵심이라고 할 수 있는 64-포인트 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 프로세서의 여러 가지 구조를 분석하고, 이들과 비교하여 성능 대 면적 비를 획기적으로 향상시킨 새로운 FFT 프로세서인 Radix-4,2 SIC (Single Instruction Computer) 구조를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 SIC 구조는 버터플라이 연산의 재사용을 극대화하였으며 Radix-4,2 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 FFT 프로세서에서 면적의 80%를 차지하는 복소곱셈기의 수를 감소시켜 크기를 획기적으로 줄인 결과를 보여 준다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle mass is regulated by the balance between rates of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption inhibits synthesis to a greater extent than degradation. Protein synthesis is more intensely decreased in type II fibers than in type I fibers. Apoptosis has been shown to occur frequently in a variety of tissues in response to chronic alcohol feeding. Increased muscle fiber apoptosis has been shown in alcoholics with myopathy. Pueraria radix has been used for many disorders such as fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, muscle aches, allergies, respiratory problems, skin problems, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol and treating chronic alcoholism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that oral treatment with Pueraria radix could reduce the ethanol-induced muscle atrophy. Methods Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5 ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 4 weeks. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. The Rats of Pueraria radix treated group (EtOH+PR) were orally administrated Pueraria radix water extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The immunoreactivities of pre-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins were also measured. Results The muscles from rats of EtOH group represented a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. EtOH+PR group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, to investigate the ethanol-induced muscular apoptosis, the immunohistochemical analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. The treatment with Pueraria radix (EtOH+PR) significantly decreased BAX expression and increased Bcl-2 expression 4 weeks after ethanol administration when compared with Normal group. Conclusions These results suggest that Pueraria radix water extract has protective effects on chronic alcohol induced myopathy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2003

Objectives : Achyranthes bidentata radix (Usul) has been used as anti-arthritic, antiallergic, antidiuretic, and so on. Recently extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have shown anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods : We therefore evaluated the inhibitory potential of ethanol extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms-catalyzed reactions, which relate to causes of cancer and inflammation, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, using human liver microsomal preparations. Results : The extracts showed weak or negligible inhibitory effects on CYP2C9-catalyzed (S)-warfarin 7-hydroxylation, CYP2C19-catalyzed S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation, and CYP2D6-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation with each IC50 over 1750 g/ml, respectively. However, it showed relatively significant inhibitory effect on CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation and CYP2E1-catalyzed chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation with IC50s of 970.5 g/ml and 821.4 g/ml, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have inhibitory effects on CYP-catalyzed reactions, especiallyCYP1A2 and CYP2E1, in human liver microsomes. These effects appear to relate to anti-inflammatory and cancer prevention following decrease of reactive oxygen species formed by CYP, especially CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, by Achyranthes bidentata radix. However, further evaluation is necessary to demonstrate and to confirm its effects in human.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.697-702
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• 2021

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a major signal processing block being widely used. For long-point FFT processing, usually more than 1024 points, its low-complexity implementation becomes very important while retaining high SQNR (Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio). In this paper, we present a low-complexity FFT algorithm with a simple dynamic scaling scheme. For the 2048-point pipelined FFT processing, we can reduce the number of general multipliers by half compared to the well-known radix-2 algorithm. Also, the table size for twiddle factors is reduced to 35% and 53% compared to the radix-2 and radix-2² algorithms respectively, while achieving SQNR of more than 55dB without increasing the internal wordlength progressively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Clematidis radix extract on $CoCl_2$-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Methods In order to investigate the protective effect of Clematidis radix on $CoCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, DAPI(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindoleI) staining, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) assay, DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting were performed on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Results Cells treated with $CoCl_2$ exhibited several apoptotic features, while cells pre-treated with Clematidis radix prior to $CoCl_2$ exposure showed a decrease in the occurrence of apoptotic features. $CoCl_2$ increased HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression, in contrast, Clematidis radix treatment decreased $CoCl_2$-induced HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression. Pre-treatment with the extract of Clematidis radix suppressed Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 expressions, and also increased Bcl-2 expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Conclusions These results suggest that Clematidis radix may exert a protective effect on $CoCl_2$-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.74-86
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• 2005

Background: There are increasing neuro-degenerative disorders with aging. Paeoniae Radix(PR) possesses various pharmacological effects such as sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and neuro-protective actions. Also antiaging and anti-cancer effects of PR were reported. Our purpose was to investigate whether PR is useful on the treatment of Parkinson's disease, one of the neuro-degenerative disorders. Objective: We investigated whether Paeonia Radix possesses a protective effect against 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridine(MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and Western blotting were performed on SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Results: Cells treated with MPP+ exhibited several apoptotic features, while cells pre-treated with Paeonia Radix prior to MPP+ exposure showed s decrease in the occurrence of apoptotic features. Conclusions: These results suggest that Paeonia Radix may exert a protective effect against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells.