• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.36.1-36.17
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on the marginal quality of glass hybrid (GH) material used to elevate dentin gingival margins, and to analyze the consistency of the results obtained by 3 in vitro methods. Materials and Methods: Ten teeth received compound class II cavities with subgingival margins. The dentin gingival margins were elevated with GH, followed by resin composite. The GH/gingival dentin interfaces were examined through digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using resin replicas, and according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. After initial evaluations, all teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles, followed by repeating the same marginal evaluations and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis for the interfacial zone of 2 specimens. Marginal quality was expressed as the percentage of continuous margin at ×200 for microscopic techniques and as the frequency of each score for FDI ranking. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Pearson and Spearmen correlation coefficients. Results: None of the testing techniques proved the significance of the aging factor. Moderate and strong significant correlations were found between the testing techniques. The EDS results suggested the presence of an ion-exchange layer along the GH/gingival dentin interface of aged specimens. Conclusions: The marginal quality of the GH/dentin gingival interface defied aging by thermocycling. The replica SEM and FDI ranking results had stronger correlations with each other than either showed with the digital microscopy results.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the degree of health promotion activity in university students, and to find out the relationship between self-efficiency and health promotion behavior, Thus, we can offer basic data for developing an educational method or program for health promotion. For this research, data was collected from university men and women through a questionnaire from February 18 to March 20, 1998. A measuring instrument was based on lating reviews of health promotion behavior in chronic disease protection, perceived self efficiency, demographic factors, biological factors, and circumstatial factors. The content validity of the instrument was authenticated by two professors of nursing, and reliability was confirmed by 'cronbach' (${\alpha}^{\prime}$ after mortifying content through a pre-test on 30 students. 475 persons were analyzed in terms of average, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Stepwise Regression by 'SPSS-PC'. The analyzed data is as follows: 1. Higher self-efficiency, as a cognitive-perceptual factor, has a beneficial effect on health promotion behavior (r=.479, p=.000). The result of analyzing the differences among a low group, a middle group, a high group in terms of self-efficiency reveals that the relationship between self-efficiency and health promoting behavior is meaningful. 2. The degree of health promoting behavior is 3.26 out of 6. Other figuresrelating to health promoting behavior, are as follows. self-actualization area (4.62), interpersonal area (4.60), stress management area (4.01), nutrition area (3.68), responsibility of health area (3.11), liquid and cigaret area (2.85), and exercise area (2.33). 3. The degree of self-efficiency was 6.81 out of 10. Other figures relating to self-efficiency are as follows. interpersonal area (7.89), self-actualization area (7.84), liquid and cigarette area (7.72), exercise area (6.88), stress management area (6.84), responsibility of health area (6.35), and nutrition area (6.34). 4. The different lerels of health promoting behavior according to a subject's general factos are following: age (p=0.003), sex (p=0.000), health concern of parents (p= 0.000), taking health programs (p=0.007), case history of familes (p=0.048). Health promoting behavier is also positirely affeted by the following: higher age, social sciences focus, religion, living the relatives', and the higher health concerns of parents. 5. The difference of self-efficiency according to a subject's general factors is positirely affected by sex (p=.008), the health concerns of parents (p=.004), body indexes (p=.001), and the higher health concerns of parents. 6. As the result of analyzing major factors, the most powerful factor appears to be self-efficiency, 26.6% of health promoting behavior. Suggestions: 1. Results of this study point to self-efficiency as a major factor in the health promoting behavior of university students. It is crucial, therefore, to develop a health program to promote self-efficiency and to study how to promote prerention of certain diseases. 2. That health promoting behavior appears low in this study shows that health education should be taken into the university class, with a focus on the daily life of students as its goal.

• 인지과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

운전자에게 자동차에 관련된 중요한 시각적 정보는 주로 계기반을 통해 제공되어 진다. 이런 계기반이 시인/시계성을 고려하여 설계되어 졌을 때, 운전자는 주행중에 시야 확보 및 자동차 관련 시각정보들을 신속하고 정확하게 인지할 수 있게 된다. 즉 계기반은 운전자의 과제 수행도와 직접적인 관계를 갖는다고 볼 수 있으며, 운전자-자동차간의 상호작용에 관여하는 중요한 장치라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 외국의 경우는 계기반의 형태와 특성 및 색상까지를 고려한 다방면의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 현재 대부분의 차종이 Analog display의 형태를 따르고 있지만, 위치에 대한 명확한 표준이 없이 각기 다른 형태 및 배치를 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구는 계기반 주요 Object(속도계, 타코미터, 연료계, 온도계)의 배치특성에 대한 운전자의 선호도여부와 계기반 Object의 위치가 운전자에게 영향을 주는 요인여부에 관하여, 본 실험실에서 제작한 평가도구(VISVEC System)를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험결과로 피험자가 선호하는 배열특성이 인지정확도 여부에 미치는 영향과의 연관성은 볼 수 없었으나, 계기반의 주요 Object는 각각의 영역을 갖는 것이 Visual 정보 인지에 용이하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to assess seasonal variation of feed utilization by feed sources and to obtain information on the use of feed resources by comparing seasonal changes of dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in spotted deer (Cervus nippon) fed forest by-product silage (FBS) and corn silage (CS). Dry matter intake (DMI) of FBS was higher than that of CS in both winter and summer. While DMI of both diets was higher in summer, this was not significant at the 5% level. In contrast to DMI, digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) was higher for CS than for FBS in both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was significantly higher (p<0.01) for CS than for FBS, whereas digestibility of crude fiber was significantly higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS in both seasons. Seasonal digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber for FBS was significantly greater (p<0.01) in summer than in winter: In summer, seasonal digestibility was 57.2% for dry matter and 55.5% for crude fiber, and in winter, 50.8% for dry matter and 30.7% for crude fiber. On the other hand, seasonal digestibility of crude protein was higher (p<0.01) in winter (42.1%) than in summer (32.3%). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the two seasons and diets for nitrogen intake (NI), 18.7 g/d in summer and 19.4 g/d in winter for FBS, 17.7 g/d in summer and 17.7 g/d in winter for CS. Fecal nitrogen was higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS and varied little seasonally. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between two seasons in urinary nitrogen, which was little difference between two diets. Retained nitrogen (RN) was different significantly (p<0.01) between two diets in both seasons, but there was little difference between seasons. Deer usually spent longer time on eating FBS than eating CS. Eating FBS took 221 min in summer and 187 min in winter, whereas eating CS took 113 min in summer and 109 min in winter. Deer spent less time on eating food in winter than in summer. Time spent on rumination was longer for FBS than for CS: for FBS, 504 min in summer and 456 min in winter, for CS, 423 min in summer and 279 min in winter. Time varied seasonally with both diets.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2005

한국 청국장에서 poly-$\gamma$-glutamic acid (PGA)를 대량 생산하는 세균을 분리하였다. 이 세균의 16s ribosomal RNA 서열을 분석한 결과 Bacillus subtilis BFAS, B. subtilis MO4와 B. amyloliquefaciens B128과 99.0, 97.7 그리고 $97.3{\%}$의 상동성을 각각 나타내었다. 따라서 본 분리 균주를 Bacillus sp.로 동정하고 Bacillus sp. YN-1로 명명하였다. PGA 대량생산 을 위해 생산 조건을 검토한 결과 $3{\%}$ glutamic acid, $4{\%}$ fructose를 탄소원으로 첨가하였을 때 최대량의 PGA를 생산하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 PGA 최대 생산량은 최적 배양 조건에서 27 g/l의 양으로 생산되어 본 균주는 PGA 대량 생산에 적합한 세균임을 확인할 수 있었으며 식품 및 화장품 산업에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

n형 $Bi_2(Te_{0.9}Se_{0.1})_3$ 분말을 기계적 합금화 공정으로 제조하고 텅스텐 분말을 분산시켜 $550^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가압소결 후, 텅스텐 함량에 따른 열전특성을 분석하였다. 텅스텐 분말을 분산시키지 않은 $Bi_2(Te_{0.9}Se_{0.1})_3$ 가압소결체의 상온 출력인자는 $21.9{\times}10^{-4}$ $W/m-K^2$ 이었으며, 1 vol% 텅스텐 분말의 분산에 의해 상온 출력인자가 $30.5{\times}10^{-4}$ $W/m-K^2$로 증가하였다. 텅스텐 분말을 분산시키지 않은 $Bi_2(Te_{0.9}Se_{0.1})_3$ 가압소결체는 상온에서 0.52의 무차원 성능지수를 나타내었으며, 1 vol% 텅스텐 분말의 분산에 의해 무차원 성능지수가 0.95로 크게 향상되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

1,225 healthy day-old avian broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of activated charcoal (AC, made from willow tree), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and esterified glucomannan (EGM) supplementation on broiler performance, blood profiles and meat characteristics when less moldy or moldy corn was included to formulate seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: Positive Control (less moldy corn diet, PC), PC+2% AC, Negative Control (moldy corn, NC), NC+0.05% EGM, NC+0.1% EGM, NC+0.5% HSCAS and NC+1% AC. PC+2% AC resulted in lower growth rate, poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR), more leg problems and higher mortality of birds than those fed PC diet (p<0.05). Inclusion of 0.05% EGM, 0.1% EGM, 0.5% HSCAS and 1% AC in NC diet did not improve average daily weight gain (ADG) or affect feed intake of birds during the first or the second three-week periods. However, 0.05% EGM tended to (p>0.05) and 0.1% EGM significantly (p<0.05) improved FCR during the first three-week period. Breast meat of NC birds had higher Minolta $L^*$ values (white) but lower $a^*$ (reddish) and $b^*$ (yellowish) values (p<0.01) than the PC birds. Addition of 0.05% EGM and 0.1% EGM in NC diet reduced the $L^*$ values (p<0.05), improved $a^*$ and $b^*$ values (p<0.05) of breast meat of birds fed NC diet, but had no effect on meat color when 0.5% HSCAS or 1% AC was included (p>0.05). Relative weight of liver to body was reduced by feeding NC diet (p<0.05) and could not be normalized by different mycotoxin adsorbents (p>0.05) to the ratio of the PC birds. Relative weight of cholecyst of NC birds was increased compared with PC birds and could only be normalized by addition of 0.05% EGM and 1% AC (p<0.05) in NC diet. NC birds had lower serum albumin level than the PC birds (p<0.05) and addition of 0.05% EGM or 1% AC in NC diet did normalize serum albumin level. Addition of 0.5% HSCAS in NC diet further reduced serum albumin, globulin, total protein and uric acid levels (p<0.05). It was concluded that lower FCR during the first three-week period of growth and deterioration of meat quality observed in bird fed moldy corn with moderate T2 and fuminisin contamination and damaged nutrients and pigment availability, might be improved by dietary supplementation of 0.05% to 0.1% EGM, but not by 1% AC or 0.5% HSCAS supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2015

The present study evaluated the effect of controlled ryegrass-white clover herbage availability from day 128 until day 142 of pregnancy in comparison to unrestricted availability, on the performance of twin-bearing ewes of varying body condition score (BCS; 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0) and their lambs. It was hypothesised that under conditions of controlled herbage availability, the performance of lambs born to ewes with a greater BCS would be greater than those born to ewes with a lower BCS. During the period that the nutritional regimens were imposed, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses of the Control regimen ($1,070{\pm}69$ and $801{\pm}30$ kg dry matter [DM]/ha) were lower than the ad libitum regimen ($1,784{\pm}69$ and $1,333{\pm}33kg\;DM/ha$; p<0.05). The average herbage masses during lactation were $1,410{\pm}31kg\;DM/ha$. Nutritional regimen had no effect on ewe live weight, BCS and back fat depth or on lamb live weight, indices of colostrum uptake, maximal heat production, total litter weight weaned or survival to weaning (p>0.05). The difference in ewe BCSs and back fats observed among body condition groups was maintained throughout pregnancy (p<0.05). At weaning, ewes from the BCS2.0 group had lower BCS and live weight ($2.4{\pm}0.2$, $74.3{\pm}2.6kg$) than both the BCS2.5 ($2.6{\pm}0.2$, $78.6{\pm}2.4kg$) and BCS3.0 ewes ($2.7{\pm}0.2$, $79.0{\pm}2.6kg$; p<0.05), which did not differ (p>0.05). Ewe BCS group had no effect on lamb live weight at birth or weaning or on maximal heat production (p>0.05). Serum gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations of lambs born to BCS3.0 ewes were higher within 36 hours of birth than lambs born to BCS2.0 ewes and BCS2.5 ewes ($51.8{\pm}1.9$ vs $46.5{\pm}1.9$ and $45.6{\pm}1.9IU/mL$, respectively [p<0.05]). There was, however, no effect of ewe body condition on lamb plasma glucose concentration (p>0.05). Lamb survival was the only lamb parameter that showed an interaction between ewe nutritional regimen and ewe BCS whereby survival of lambs born to BCS2.5 and BCS3.0 ewes differed but only within the Control nutritional regimen ewes (p<0.05). These results indicate farmers can provide twin-bearing ewes with pre- and post-grazing ryegrass-white clover herbage covers of approximately 1,100 and 800 kg DM/ha in late pregnancy, provided that herbage covers are 1400 in lactation, without affecting lamb performance to weaning. The present results also indicate that under these grazing conditions, there is little difference in ewe performance within the BCS range of 2.0 to 3.0 and therefore they do not need to be managed separately.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.177-188
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• 1985

영남지역(嶺南地域)의 내륙(內陸)(영천(永川)) 및 해안(海岸)(영일(迎日))지역(地域)에 분포(分布)된 식질단구지(埴質段丘地) 토양군(土壤群)의 특성(特性)과 생성연구(生成硏究)를 위하여 형태적특징(形態的特徵)과 토양(土壤) 단면발달도(斷面發達度)를 조사(調査) 비교(比較)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 식질단구지토양(埴質段丘地土壤)은 지형(地形)과 토지이용(土地利用)에 따라 토양배수(土壤排水)가 "양호(良好)" 하고 색상(色相)이 5YR인 고위단구(高位段丘)(반천통(盤泉統))와 토양배수(土壤排水)가 "약간양호(若干良好)"하며 색상(色相)이 7.5YR인 내지 10YR의 중위단구(中位段丘)(우평통(牛坪統), 화동통(華東統)) 및 심토일부(心土一部)까지 회색화(灰色化)되어 토양배수(土壤排水)가 "약간양호(若干良好)" 또는 "약간불량(若干不良)"한 저위단구(低位段丘)(덕평통(德坪統), 극락통(極樂統))로 구분(區分)되었다. 2. 단구퇴적물중(段丘堆積物中)에 함유(含有)된 석력(石礫)의 원반도(園礬度)는 평균(平均) 0.543~0.546으로서 상호유사(相互類似)한 원력(圓礫) 또는 완원력(完圓礫)이었고, 구형도(球形度)는 0.723~0.722로서 구형(球形)에 가까운 이형적(異型的)인 충적퇴적물(沖積堆積物)이었다. 3. 모재(母材) 100gr당(當) 토층중(土層中)의 점토생성량(粘土生成量)은 50.8~30.7gr.이었고 점토용탈율(粘土溶脫率)은 30.1~7.4%로서 고위단구(高位段丘) 일수록 높았다. 4. 토양단면발달지수(土壤斷面發達指數)는 37.95~22.01로서 상대적(相對的) 표고(標高)가 높을수록 높았으며 점토용탈량(粘土溶脫量)은 용탈층(溶脫層)에 대한 집적층(集積層)의 점토함량비(粘土含量比)와 정상관(正相關) 관계(關係)이었다. 5. 단구군토양(段丘群土壤)의 토양별(土壤別) 입도누적곡선(粒度累積曲線)은 서로 비슷하였으나 영일지역(迎日地域)의 우평통(牛坪統)의 기층(基層)은 상위층(上位層)과 입도누적곡선(粒度累積曲線)(미사제외(微砂除外))이 판이(判異)하였으므로 이중퇴적물단면(二重堆積物斷面)(Bisequum profile)일 가능성이 높았다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

목적: 뮤코지방증 유형 II와 III은 리소좀 효소인N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc-phospho-transferase)의 결손에 의해 초래되며, 상염색체 열성으로 유전되는 질환이다. ${\alpha}/{\beta}/{\gamma}$ subunit로 구성되는 이 효소의 결핍으로 인해 리소좀으로 운반되는 수십 종류의 효소들에 mannose-6-phosphate(M6P)를 부착하는 과정에 장애가 생겨 분해되지 않은 물질이 축적되어 질병이 초래된다. 이 질환에 있어서 산전 진단과 유전 상담을 위해서는 상기 효소의 해당 유전자가 밝혀져 있어야 하나, 현재 이 효소의 ${\gamma}$ subunit를 암호화하는 유전자가 GNPTAG에 해당된다고 밝혀져 있을 뿐 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ subunit을 암호화하는 GNPTA에 해당하는 유전자는 밝혀져 있지 않고 돌연변이 역시 보고된 적이 없다. 본 연구는 리소좀 효소의 인산화에 관여하는 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phospho-transferase의 결함이 있는 환자의 섬유아세포를 이용하여 리소좀 연관 신규 유전자를 찾아내고, 그 유전자를 대상으로 돌연변이를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 이를 위해 5명의 환자와5명의 연령, 성별이 일치하는 정상아의 섬유아세포를 계대 배양하여 이 세포를 이용하여 수행한 subtractive hybridization을 통해 신규 유전자를 탐색하고, 신규 유전자를 대상으로 돌연변이 분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 연구 결과 환자에서 발현이 증가된 유전자 73개와 발현이 감소된 유전자 50개를 밝혀냈다. 분석된 유전자 중에서 MGC4170이환자에서는 발현되지 않으나 정상인에서는 발현됨을 발견하였고, 이 유전자가 아직 밝혀지지 않은 GNPTA로 확인되어 환자를 대상으로 돌연변이 분석을 시행하였다.분석 결과 기존에 돌연변이가 보고되었던 GNPTAG에는 돌연변이가 없었으나, MGC4170에는 7개의 돌연변이가 발견되었다. 본 연구는 GlcNAc-phosphotransferase의 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ subunit에 해당되는 MGC4170의 최초 돌연변이 보고이다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 뮤코지방증 II형과 III형에서 발현되는 유전자 군을 파악할 수 있었으며, 동시에 MGC4170 돌연변이를 규명함으로써 이 질환의 병리 기전 연구와 산전 진단에 기여하고자 한다.