• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2010

A coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion was prepared using high pressure homogenization with different valve type conditions (A, B, and C) and cycle numbers (1, 2, and 3). The particle size, transmittance, zeta potential, and coenzyme Q10 content of the prepared coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion were measured. The stability of the prepared coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion was evaluated on heating ($95^{\circ}C$), freezing ($-20^{\circ}C$), and different pH (2-10) conditions. Also, the prepared coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion was stored at different temperatures of 4, 25, and $40^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks to evaluate its storage stability. In this study, the optimal conditions of high pressure homogenization for the preparation of a coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion were identified to be 150 MPa, C valve, and a cycle number of 3. The results showed that the prepared coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion had an average particle size of 40 nm, generated no deposits or floating matter when stored at either 4 or $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks, and displayed excellent dispersibility and transparency when processed at different pHs (4-10) or heating ($95^{\circ}C$) and, freezing ($-20^{\circ}C$) conditions. Our results indicated that a coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion prepared by high pressure homogenization can be used for preparing beverages in the food industry.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 2015

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on exercise and endurance capacity in rats and mice. Methods: The extract of Cervi Cornu was manufactured by the pharmacy department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital, and CoQ10 soft cap (Ildong Pharmaceutical) was used. In total, 24 rats and 30 mice were divided into 3 groups: Control (rat=8, mouse=10), CoQ10 alone (rat=8, mouse=10), Cervi Cornu extract, and CoQ10 (rat=8, mouse=10). Ergogenic effect was evaluated by administering the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10 to rats and measuring the time to exhaustion during treadmill running; endurance capacity was assessed by measuring cold water swimming time, serum lactate level, and serum corticosterone level in each group. At 1 week from the end of treatment, we recalculated time to exhaustion during treadmill running in rats to investigate the long-term effect of the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10. Results: Cervi Cornu extract has long-term benefits in that it preserves the ergogenic effect caused by exercise. Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 have no effect on increasing cold water swimming time in ICR mice. CoenzymeQ10 decreases the serum corticosterone level in ICR mice performing cold water swimming test. Conclusions: Cervi Cornu seems to preserve the ergogenic effect caused by exercise, but a larger study is needed to investigate effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on improving endurance capacity. CoenzymeQ10 decreases serum corticosterone level and it is related with the anti-psychological fatigue effect.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1179-1192
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• 2018

Several addition formulas for a general class of q-Appell sequences are proved. The q-addition formulas, which are derived, involved not only the generalized q-Bernoulli, the generalized q-Euler and the generalized q-Genocchi polynomials, but also the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind and several general families of hypergeometric polynomials. Some q-umbral calculus generalizations of the addition formulas are also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 1991

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ supplementation on adriamycin (ADR) -induced lipid petoxidation in rats. After feeding the experimental diets for e weeks. Ann treatment significantly decreased growth performance of rats. But this decrement was not modified by supplementation of vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ . Lipid peroxide values of plasma and heart mitochondria were elevated by Ann treatment. But these values were significantly decreased according to vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ supplementation. Adriamycin treatment elevated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of rats, but this increment was modified by vitamin E supplementation. There was a tendency of higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in ADR-treated rats. However, vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ administration reduced this enzyme activity. With ADR treatment, arachidonic acid (20 : 4) was greatly increased, but docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6) was not detected. Arachidonic acid was decreased and docosahexaenoic acid increased by supplementation of higher level of vitamin E or coenzyme $Q_{10}$ . Present data showed that dietary vitamin E and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ influenced on ADR-induced lipid peroxidation in rats, and also the degree of antioxidative effect was greater in vitamin E-supplemented rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.346-349
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• 2010

Coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$) production from Rhizobium radiobacter T6102 was monitored under various oxygen supply conditions by controlling the agitation speeds, aeration rates, and dissolved oxygen levels. As the results, the $CoQ_{10}$ production was enhanced by limited oxygen supply. To investigate whether the $CoQ_{10}$ production is associated with its physiological functions of electron carrier and antioxidant, the effects of sodium azide and hydrogen peroxide on the $CoQ_{10}$ production were studied, showing that the $CoQ_{10}$ contents were slightly enhanced with increasing sodium azide (up to 0.4 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (up to $10\;{\mu}M$) concentrations. These results suggest the plausible mechanism where the limited electron transfer stimulating the environments of limited oxygen supply and oxidative stress could accumulate the $CoQ_{10}$, providing the relationship between the $CoQ_{10}$ physiological functions and its regulation system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are known to cause serious muscle injuries (e.g. myopathy, myositis and rhabdomyolysis), and these adverse effects can be rescued by co-administration of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$) with statins. The goal of the current research is to assess the efficacy of combined treatment of $CoQ_{10}$ with Atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in SD rats. 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed normal diet or high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, rats were treated with either Statin or Statin with various dosages of $CoQ_{10}$ (30, 90 or 270 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for another 6 weeks. Compared to Statin only treatment, $CoQ_{10}$ supplementation significantly reduced creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum which are markers for myopathy. Moreover, $CoQ_{10}$ supplementation with Statin further reduced total fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In contrast, the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and $CoQ_{10}$ were increased in the $CoQ_{10}$ co-treated group. These results indicate that $CoQ_{10}$ treatment not only reduces the side effects of Statin, but also has an anti-obesity effect. Therefore an intake of supplementary $CoQ_{10}$ is helpful for solving problem of obese metabolism, so the multiple prescription of $CoQ_{10}$ makes us think a possibility that can be solved in being contiguous to the obesity problem, a sort of disease of the obese metabolism.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.439-448
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• 2023

We introduce several higher-order (p, q)-differential equation of which are related to (p, q)-Bernoulli polynomials. We also find some relations between (p, q)-Bernoulli, (p, q)-Euler, and (p, q)-Genocchi polynomials.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Occupant protection performance in frontal crashes has been developed and assessed for mainly front seat occupants over many years, and in recent years protection of rear seat occupants has also been extensively discussed. Unlike the front seats, the rear seats are often occupied by children seated in rear-facing or forward - facing child restraint systems, or booster seats. In the ENCAP, child occupant protection assessments using 18-month-old(P1.5) and 3-year-old(P3) test dummies in the rear seat have already been changed to new type of 18-month-old (Q1.5)and 3-year-old(Q3) test dummies. In addition, ENCAP are scheduled with the development and introduction of test dummies of 6-year-old (Q6) and 10.5-year-old children(Q10) starting 2016. In KNCAP, Q6 and Q10 child dummies will be introduced in 2017 as well. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new child dummies closely. In this paper, we focused on Q6 and Q10 child dummies sitting in child restraint system. Offset frontal crash tests were conducted using two types of test dummies, Q6 and Q10 child dummies, positioned in the rear seat. Q6 and Q10 were used to compare dummy kinematics in rear seating positions between Q6 behind the driver's seat and Q10 behind the front passenger's seat. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems. It showed that several injury and image data was collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination is the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.475-485
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• 2006

The physical properties of the central and southwestern crust of South Korea were estimated by comparing values of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in the Kimcheon and Mokpo areas. In order to get ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ values, seismic data were collected from two stations of the KIGAM network (KMC and MUN) and four stations of the KMA network (CPN, KUC, MOP, and WAN). An extended coda-normalization method was applied to these data. Estimates of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ show variations depending on frequency. As frequencies vary from 3 Hz to 24 Hz, the estimates decrease from $(1.4{\pm}3.9){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.3{\pm}3.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(1.8{\pm}1.3){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.9{\pm}1.5){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in central South Korea, and $(5.9{\pm}4.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(2.2{\pm}3.8){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;(0.5{\pm}2.8){\times}10^{-3}\;to\;(1.8{\pm}1.6){\times}10^{-4}\;for\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ in southwestern South Korea. According that a frequency-dependent power law is applied to the data, the best fits of ${Q_P}^{-1}\;and\;{Q_S}^{-1}\;are\;0.003f^{-0.49}\;and\;0.005f^{-1.03}$ in central South Korea, and $0.026f^{-1.47}$ and $0.001f^{-0.49}$ in southwestern South Korea, respectively. These values almost correspond to those of seismically stable regions although ${Q_P}^{-1}$ values of southwestern South Korea are a little high due to lack of data used.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2008

With the aim of increasing the $CoQ_{10}$ production in mass culture, the effect of aeration-agitation on the $CoQ_{10}$ production using Rhodobactor sphaeroides was investigated in a l-L bioreactor. The maximum $CoQ_{10}$ production was 1.69 mg/g of dry cell weight under conditions of 50 Lux, $30^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm, and 5-vvm aeration. The $CoQ_{10}$ production was improved to produce 2.91 mg/g of dry cell weight under reduced conditions of agitation speed (200 rpm) and aeration rate (0.2 vvm). When R. sphaeroides was cultivated under more reduced DO levels during the exponential phase of the cell, the $CoQ_{10}$ production yield of 3.88-mg/g dry cell weight was the maximum obtained. Therefore, poorer conditions of aeration-agitation resulted in higher production of $CoQ_{10}$, and thus DO content was a crucial factor in the production of $CoQ_{10}$. Accordingly, it was necessary to control the DO concentration in order to enhance the $CoQ_{10}$ biosynthesis within a large-scale production.