• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 1994

Pseudomonas plycolor was used to investigated the optimal culture condition to examine the various properties of superoxide dismutase (SOD). this SOD was inhibited by $H_2O_2$, azide ion, but not by cyanide ion. This result indicates that the enzyme might be a Fe-SOD. The composition of optimal culture medium for the enzyme production was 3% of glycerin, 1% of polypeptone, 0.5% of meat extract, 0.2% of KCI and the initial ph was 9.0 . The cultivation for the enzyme production was carried out in 500ml shaking flask containing 100ml of the optimal medium at $30^{\circ}C$ on a reciprocal shaker. The enzyme production reached maximum at 15hrs of cultivation and then declined sharply afterward.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.497-517
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• 1995

The cells associated with normal defense mechanism in inflammation release free oxygen radicals, hydroxy radicals, and various protease, all of which can damage the surrounding cells(fibroblasts) and matrix molecules(collagen). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of "scavenger" enzyme, superoxide dismutase(SOD). to periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Human PDL cells were cultured from the teeth extracted for non-periodontal reason. Cultured PDL cells in vitro were treated with SOD and LPS according to dosage and culture times. Cellular activity was exaimed by Microtitration(MTT) assay. The quantitative expression of cellular proliferation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), collagen type I and fibronectin by indirect immunocytochemically stain in PDL cells were done. The results were as follows: 1. As only SOD treated group at 2 and 3 days, PDL cell activity was significantly increased at more than 150U(P<0.05). 2. When LPS(0.5, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(more than 150U) were added together, it was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 days(P<0.05). 3. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150, 300U) were added together, PCNA index was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 and 3 days(P<0.05). 4. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150U) were added together, collagen type I was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). 5.When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(300U) were added together, fibronectin was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). On the above the results, the SOD in association with collagen type I, fibonectin, and PCNA may afford biological protection to oxy-radicals that were typically liberated during normal inflammatory response. Thus, the exogenous application of SOD may be effective in sthe treatment of the localized breakdown associated with chronic periodontal disease.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.399-410
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (bamboo extract) on the changes of antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes of liver and kidney in mice when administered in different dosages. The experimental groups were divided into four. For control group, 0.9％ NaCl (0.2 ml/25 g B.W.) and for experimental groups, 5% (H1 group), 10% (H2 group), and 20%(H3 group) bamboo extract diluted with 0.9％ NaCl, were administered (0.2 ml/25 g B.W.) respectively for 28 days at an interval of 48 hours. MnSOD activities were increased in H1 group (46%, P<0.05), H2 group (40%, P<0.05), and H3 group (34%, P<0.05) as compared to the control group. CuZnSOD activities were increased in H1 group (11%, P<0.05), but were decreased in H3 group (13%, P<0.05). The activities of catalase were decreased in H1 group (39%, P<0.05), H2 group (34%, P<0.05), and H3 group (31%, P<0.05) as compared to the control group. Histopathological observation revealed ballooned hepatocytes in the pericentral and periportal veins of H1 group. More ballooned and injured hepatocytes than in H1 group were observed in the H2 and H3 groups. Detachment of endothelial cells of the central vein was observed in the H2 and H3 groups. These results indicated that bamboo extract developed dose-dependent changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and developed histopathological changes of liver and kidney.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and, erythrocyte SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and serum antioxidant mineral (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se) concentrations of adolescents. Subjects were assigned to one of two groups such as obese ($BMI{\geq}25$, 32 boys, 24 girls) and normal group (18.5 < BMI < 23, 27 boys, 30 girls) Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age of the total subjects was 13.8 years. The mean weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001) and body fat (p < 0.001) of obese were higher than those of normal group. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between obese and normal groups. SOD activity of obese group was not significantly different from normal groups, in both males and females. However, in the males, serum Cu concentration of obese were significantly lower than those of normal group. In the females, Serum Mn concentration of obese were significantly lower then those of normal group. In the correlation analysis, BMI of the subjects had significantly negative correlations with serum Cu, Zn and Mn. To summarize the results, increase of obesity may lead to decrease of serum antioxidant minerals such as Cu, Zn and Mn.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1373-1376
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• 2000

The peroxidation status of tissues was estimated in broilers under acute or chronic heat stress ($32^{\circ}C$, 24 h, $5{\times}24h$) in the present study. The results showed that the lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in plasma and liver were elevated (p<0.05) by acute heat stress, and were not influenced in kidney (p>0.05). At the same time, no significant change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver, kidney or plasma was observed. Under chronic heat exposure, the SOD activity in liver was increased (p<0.05) and the LPO concentrations in the liver and plasma were restored to the normal levels. The LPO level in kidney was not affected by chronic heat stress (p>0.05), but SOD activity was significantly decreased (p<0.01). The results suggested that the peroxidation was induced by acute heat stress and disappeared along with the time of heat exposure, and the peroxidation reactions were different among tissues.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1476-1482
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• 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of swimming training on response of lipid peroxide (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty-five male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group and 4 swimming groups after hyperlipidemia induction for 4 weeks through a 1% cholesterol diet. Swimming groups were then divided into unloaded swimming group, low-loaded swimming group, moderate-loaded swimming group and high-loaded swimming group by swimming intensity, and made to swim for 6 weeks (6 days/week). The loaded swimming group rats among the swimming groups swam a lead weight equivalent to 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of body weight attached to the base of the tail. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using an SPSS/$PC^+$ program, and to evaluate the differences between groups, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (${\alpha}$=0.05) was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1) all swimming groups had significantly lower levels of MDA than the control group (p<0.001). Among the swimming groups, the moderate-loaded group had a significantly lower level than the unloaded group, low-loaded group and high-loaded group (p<0.001). 2) all swimming groups had significantly higher levels of SOD than the control group (p<0.01). Among swimming groups, the unloaded group, moderate-loaded group and high-loaded group had significantly higher levels than the low-loaded group (p<0.01).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2011

Modem people have begun to have the nationwide interest in the rice wine called Makgeolri which is one of the traditional Korean alcoholic liquors. This study was performed to investigate the effects of San sung Makgeolri extract (SM) on antioxidation together with the determination of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the progress of fermentation in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated rats. We examined the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver homogenates and the histopathological observations in liver tissue. LPS-treated group markedly decreased the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx. But SM + LPS-treated group significantly increased the levels of them. Furthermore, the antioxidative effects of SM were supported by the histopathological observations in liver tissue which showed severe inflammation and necrosis in LPS-treated group, compared to the attenuated inflammation and necrosis in SM + LPS-treated group. This results suggested that SM could be a candidate of antioxidative material in spite of alcoholic liquors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.706-712
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• 2000

The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities for 26 kinds of herbs and spices and 10 kinds of instant curry products were determined by measuring their abilites to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. All samples showed the SOD-like activities. Rosemary, cassia, tarragon, allspice, oregano, bay leaves, basil, marjoram, thyme and star anise had higher activities than $10^5\;unit/g$ and clove had highest activity of $232,143{\pm}19.989\;unit/g$. The SOD-like activities for 10 kinds of instant curry products were in the range of $400{\sim}700\;unit/g$ when measured after heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The water extracts of spices, herbs and curries were obtained by heat treatments of $25^{\circ}C$ for 60 min or $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, and their nitrite scavenging activity was measured at different pH conditions(1.2, 4.2 or 6.0). The nitrite scavenging activities were higher at acidic pH. However, the effects were not different from two heat treatments. The water extracts from cassia, bay leaves, allspices, oregano, staranise, rosemary, clove and tarragan had high nitrite scavenging activity(>90%) when they were measured at pH 1.2, and those from clove was highest $(97.58{\pm}0.88%)$. The pure curry used as raw materials for instant curry products had the nitrite scavenging activity in the range of $50{\sim}60%$ at pH 1.2 and the activity was not changed during the aging period$(0{\sim}12weeks)$. The ten brands of instant curry products had the nitrite scavenging activities of $12{\sim}28%$ at pH 1.2

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.222-238
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• 1995

Inflammatory cells may produce active species of oxygen in antimicrobial defense. While such species can directly damage surrounding tissue, their major secondary role may be to mediate important components of the inflammatory response. Superoxide dismutase, antioxidant, have significant anti-inflammatory properties in rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic tissue injury and gastrointestinal disease. Increased oxidative product formation diseases. And superoxide dismutase produced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis is resistant to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocyte. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the effects of superoxide dismutase in 3T3 fibroblast and in experimental gingivitis in the rats. The effect of superoxide dismutase(SOD) to cell morphology and cell activity was measured in cultured mouse 3T3 fibroblast. After experimental gingivitis were induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPb) and bovine serum albumin(BSA), injection of SOD were done. WBC count and histologic findings were observed at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days. The results were as follows; 1. There was a little difference between LPS treated groups and SOD treated groups in 3T3 fibroblast morpholoy. 2. There was no difference between only SOD treated groups (except SOD 150U at 3days) and control in 3T3 fibroblast activity. 3. LPS $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ and SOD treated groups (except 150U) had decreased 3T3 fibroblast activity and no significant difference at 3 days. 4. LPS $5.0{\mu}g/ml$ and SOD treated groups were significantly increased cell activity of 3T3 fibroblast than control group at 1 day(P<0.05). 5. In LPS induced gingivitis, the number of leukocytes in SOD treated was significantly decreased than in saline treated at 1 day(P<0.05). 6. In histopathologic findings of LPS or BSA induced gingivitis, inflammatorycell infiltration in SOD treated groups were less than in saline treated group at 1, 2 and 3 days.