• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 2008

목적 : 구절초는 국화과에 속하는 다년생 초본으로 가을에 줄기와 잎을 가을에 채취한 것을 한약재로 사용하여 대한, 월경불순 등 각종 여성질환과 함께 위냉증, 소화불량, 감고, 폐렴, 기관지염, 배뇨장애 및 신경퇴행성 질환에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LPS로 염증유도된 대식세 포주를 활용하여 구절초의 항염증효능을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 : 구절초 추출물의 항염증효과를 관찰하기 위하여 RAW264.7 대식세포주에서 MTT cytotoxic assay, iNOS 및 COX-2 발현, NO와 PGE2 생성 및 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성실험을 수행하였다. 결과 : 세포독성실험을 통하여 구절초 추출물의 안전성이 확인되었으며 LPS로 염증유도된 RAW264.7 대식세포주에서 증가된 iNOS의 발현이 감소되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 NO 및 PGE2의 생성을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 구절초가 염증매개물질의 생성을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성도를 감소시킴을 관찰하였다. 결론 : 이러한 결과는 구절초가 $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway를 조절해 줌으로써 항염증효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.921-938
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• 1998

Hyelgalsan(HGS) is important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as follows: 1. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. HGS inhibited the formation of superoxide to 48% at the concentration of 0.01% in the mouse monocyte. 3. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 4. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human neutrophil in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 5. The concentration of inhibiting the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.01% of HGS. 6. The concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.001% and 0.0001% of HGS. 7. HGS didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. HGS inhibited the collagenase activity to 22% at 0.1%, 45% at 0.2%, 57% at 0.5% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.223-227
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• 2003

In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of amygdalin isolated from persicae Semen have been evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) by the macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Amygdalin significantly inhibited generation of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with these observations, the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme was also inhibited by amygdalin in a concentration-dependent manner. However, amygdalin did not show any influence on the synthesis of $PGE_2$ and the expression of COX-2. Thus, this study suggests that amygdalin-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ release may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of Persicae Semen.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objective : This study investigated the inflammatory reaction is characterized by over production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways.Methods : We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts fromLonicera japonicaandScutellaria baicalensisin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\beta}$, and PGE₂) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Results : These suggest that the suppression effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus.Conclusions : Our study suggest that the combination of water-extractable components ofL. japonicaandS. baicalensismay be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.966-974
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• 2019

Arthrospira platensis has been reported to contain a variety of substances such as phycocyanin, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin E and other carotenoids. In this study, zebrafish were treated with indoor cultivation spirulina ethanol extracts(ICAE) to determine toxicity(coagulation rate, hatching rate, heart rate). We used the DCFH-DA staining method to detect the effect of reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced zebrafish embryos ROS various concentrations(0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5mg/ml) of ICAE. Cell toxicity was measured by WST-1 assay on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Also, measured the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS at various concentrations of ICAE. The results of embryo coagulation rate, hatching rate, heart rate of zebrafish at various(0.01, 0.05, 0.1mg/ml) of ICAE was no toxicity. The ICAE treated group had an inhibitory effect on NO and $PGE_2$ production compared and decreased with concentration. The results of this study ethanol extract of Arthrospira platensis has an anti-inflammatory effect and suggest that is worthy of use cosmetics for skin protection.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities such as cytotoxicity and anti-inflammation using Manjakani (Quercus infectoria Olivier) extract. Manjakani was extracted from hot DW and 80% ethanol. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay on RAW 264.7 cells. Also, anti-inflammatory activities were measured through changes in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), leukotrien B4 (LTB₄), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and transcription factor on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results confirmed that significant cytotoxicity does not appear in the concentration range of 1, 5, and 10 ㎍/㎖ of both extracts of this study. The production of NO was slowed by approximately MDE 37.2% and MEE 43.7% at 10 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Also, level of PGE₂ and LTB₄ was decreased MDE 30.9%/MEE 43.7% and MDE 37.1%/MEE 43.7%. In the case of inflammatory cytokine was reduced to MDE 38.8%/MEE 50.8% for IL-1β, MDE 35.0%/MEE 44.2% for IL-6 and MDE 31.9%/MEE 36.6% for TNF-α at 10 ㎍/㎖ concentration. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, iNOS and COX-2 significantly decreased by MDE 44.0%/MEE 16.0%, MDE 44.0%/MEE 55.0% and MDE 45.0%/MEE 40.0%, respectively, following the 10 ㎍/mL sample treatment when compared to the control. Both extracts were effective in anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, both extracts showed efficient changes of production of NO, PGE₂, LTB₄, pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factor. But MEE was found to have a higher inhibitory effect than MDE. In other words, Manjakani was showed significant biological activities showing anti-inflammation without cytotoxicity. These results will be provided as fundamental data for further development of the new health food and therapeutics related to the results above.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.613-621
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• 2015

In this study, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract (ASSW) and 70% ethanol extract (ASSE) of Allium sativum L. stems were investigated using Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ABTS radical scavenging activities of ASSW and ASSE at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration were 96.9% and 97.8%, respectively. In order to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of ASSW and ASSE, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor including ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured. ASSW and ASSE at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed inhibitory effects against NO production by 18% and 23%, respectively. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 after treatment with ASSW and ASSE at $100{\mu}g/mL$ decreased by approximately 28% and 15% for ASSW and 17% and 12% for ASSE, respectively. In addition, production of TNF-${\alpha}$ after treatment of $100{\mu}g/mL$ of ASSW and ASSE decreased by 24% and 23%, respectively. In addition, the treatment of $100{\mu}g/mL$ of ASSW and ASSE showed inhibitory expressions against PGE2 by 45.47% and 33.87%, respectively. These results suggested that ASSE showed greater inhibitory activity than that of the ASSW by the suppression of inflammatory mediators, including NO, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and PGE2 production, and the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages. In conclusion, ASSW and ASSE may have some ancillary effects on inflammatory factors as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Picrasma quassioides BENNET (PLME). The antioxidant effects of PLME were measured based on polyphenol and flavonoid contents. PLME was found to have $367.52{\mu}g/mg$ and $46.61{\mu}g/mg$ high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was measured by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to effectively anti-inflammatory agents, we examined the inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and $PGE_2$ in RAW 264.7 cells. PLME significantly decreased the production of NO and $PGE_2$ in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced the expression of iNOS, a COX-2 protein. In addition, PLME reduced the NF-${\kappa}B$, $I{\kappa}B$ phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells upon stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. These results provide evidence for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Picrasma quassioides leaves.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.568-573
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• 2015

Arabis glabra is a localized common rhizomatous flowering plant, This plant is often used in Korean traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for blood cleaning, detoxification, abscess, gastrospasm, arthritis, contraction and diarrhea. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of A. glabra using the ethanolic extract and its sub-fractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) on RAW 264.7macrophages. Our results indicated that hexane and chloroform fraction significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO and PGE₂ production in the cells. The hexane fraction inhibitory activity for NO tests with IC₅₀ values showed in 21.0 ㎍/㎖. The chloroform fraction inhibitory activity for PGE₂ tests with IC₅₀ values showed in 18.0 ㎍/㎖. These efficacy are expected to be able to present the potential for the development of health functional food for the prevention inflammatory diseases because it has sufficient preventive medical possibilities. Further, it is determined that it is necessary to further study the mechanism of cytokine and protein expression associated with inflammation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2014

Smilacina japonica is a localized common rhizomatous flowering plant, This plant is often used in Korean traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for migrain, diplegia, physical impurity, blood circulation, abscess and contusion. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. japonica using the ethanolic extract and its subfractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results indicated that hexane fraction significantly inhibited the LPS induced NO and $PGE_2$ production in the cells. The hexane fractions inhibitory activity for NO tests with $IC_{50}$ values showed in $53.3{\mu}g/ml$ and $PGE_2$ tests with $IC_{50}$ values showed at $32.5{\mu}g/ml$. Theseis result suggest a potential role of hexane fraction from S. japonica as source of anti-inflammatory agent.