• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of the different concentration of the nutrient solution on the early growth and the nutritional contents of hydroponically grown Aster koraiensis, Hemerocallis fulva and Plantago asiatica at 70 days after transplanting in perlite culture. Balanced nutrient solution formulated by Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station was used as the standard concentration of the nutrient solution. Overall plant growth of Aster koraiensis and Hemerocallis fulva such as plant height, stem diameter, number of loaves, fresh and dry shoot and root weight were significantly increased in 1.5 times concentration of nutrient solution. Shoot and root fresh and dry weight of hydroponically grown Plantago asiatica were significantly increased in the higher concentration of the nutrient solution, however, number of loaves and root length were significantly increased in the standard and the lower concentration of the nutrient solution. The highest contents of calcium, magnesium and sodium in plants were shown in Aster koraienxis which were grown in the 1.5 times concentration of nutrient solution, and Hemerocallis fulva and Plantago asiatica in 0.25 times of that. The contents of potassium in Aster koraiensis and Hemerocallis fulva were significantly increased when the plants were grown in the 0.5 times concentration of the nutrient solution, and that in Plantago asiatica in the 1.5 times concentration of the nutrient solution. The contents of phosphoric acid in plants as affected by the different species of Namul and the different concentration of the nutrient solution were not significant.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 1999

This study was carried out to develop new cultivars of Z. serrata showing yellow fall leaf. Z. serrata which had yellow fall leaves were selected and then examined for contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll. In addition, for the progeny test, selected trees were grafted. Of 21 trees having yellow autumn leaves, three individuals, 'S-4', 'S-14', and 'J-32' were finally selected. They contained high level of anthocyanin with higher level in the leaves. Once developed, the yellow color remained till late autumn. Grafted plants of the selected strains showed high grafting efficiency and vigorous growth. Yellow foliage color were found to be maintained in the grafted trees. The tree 'S-4' was 7 m tall and 6 m in crown width, whereas 'S-14' and 'J-32' were 6 m tall and 4m in crown width. The soil pH of the survey sites ranged from 5.9 to 7.24. However, other soil characteristics did not show much difference among the sites with regard to inorganic nutrients including $N,\;P_2O_5,\,CEC,\,K^+,\,Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg.^{2+}$ 'S-4', 'S-14', and 'J-32' clonal lines developing yellow fall leaf were selected as new cultivars and propagated by grafting.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1983

Contractile responses of myocardium and vascular smooth muscle to angiotensin II were studied in isolated rabbit papillary muscles and aortic helical strips, with respect to the sensitivity and the mechanism of action. All experiments were performed in $HCO-_3\;-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with $3%\;CO_2-97%\;O_2$ and kept pH 7.35 at $35^{\circ}C$. Action potentials were measured by conventional microelectrode technique in the papillary muscles. Helical strips of vascular smooth muscle were prepared from the descending thoracic aorta of the rabbit. Angiotensin II elicited a positive inotropic effect in doses from $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-6}\;M$, and this effect was dose-dependent and characterized by a symmetrical increase of maximum dP/dt during contraction and relaxation phase. Slow responses (or slow action potentials) were induced by A. II $(10^{-6}\;M)$ in the papillary muscle hypopolarized by 27 mM $K^+$. These A. II-induced slow action potentials were eliminated by verapamil (2 mg/l), but not affected by propranolol $(10^{-5}\;M)$. In aortic helical strips, contractile force was increased dose-dependently in the range of $10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M$ A. II. $ED_{50}$ in aorta was $3{\times}10^{-9}\;M$ A. II, whereas that in paillary muscle was $2.5{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ A. II. A. II contracted vascular smooth muscle in depolarizing concentration of $K^+$ (100 mM $K^+$), and also produced a sustained contraction even in the presence of verapamil and regitine. The results of this experiment suggest that the primarily important physiological role of A. II is the action on the blood vessel, and the positive inotropic effect of A. II in papillary muscle results from the increase of slow inward $Ca^{++}$ current, and that A. II-induced contraction of aorta is independent of transmembrane potential and associated with promoting bet transmembrane $Ca^{++}\;-influx$ and the mobilization of cellular $Ca^{++}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a plant pathogenic fungus, can cause serious yield and quality losses in the winter lettuce field. For biological control of S. sclerotiorum, soil-born microorganisms that inhibit the mycelia growth of S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from diseased soil. Among the isolates, bacterial isolate, GG95, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to the morphological, physiological characteristics and by 16S rRNA similarity, showed the highest level of inhibitory activity. The growth conditions for B. subtilis GG95 were optimized in TSB media (pH 7) by culturing at $28^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. Maltose or fructose and peptone were selected as the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Greenhouse experiment was performed to test effectiveness of B. subtilis GG95 in the control sclerotinia rot. Drench application ($1{\times}10^8cfu/mL$, 3 times) of the bacterial culture broth to lettuce showed an effectiveness value of 88%, suggesting that B. subtilis GG95 would be a promising biocontrol agent for control of sclerotinia rot.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

Experiment was carried out to find the fertilizing effects of 8 different application rates of swine compost fermented with sawdust(SCS) including Chemical fertilizer(CF) on forage yield and soil chemical characteristics of mixed pastures sown in Sep. 1993 at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA., in Suwon during low years. It was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Dry matter yield were shown at similar among treatments except Control and $50\%$ SCS of standard amount plot. In botanical composition, the legume and weeds percentages of each treatment were increased as advancing year. The final year's legume percentage were high in line with SCS fertilizing plots($39\%{\sim}43\%$), SCS + CF plots($30\%{\sim}41\%$) and CF plot($32\%$). In productions of TDN, NE and crude protein yield, SCS or SCS($75\%$) + CF($25\%$) were nearly same comparing those of CF, respectively. Phosphate, potassium, magnesium contents and K/(Ca + Mg) except calcium contents of those SCS fertilizing plots in plant were generally high with comparing CF. Those contents were proportional according to the fertilizing amount These result indicate the possibility to substitute chemical fertilizer for SCS($75\%$, 25ton/ha) + CF, $25\%$) as manure-N 210 kg/ha, but might be considered accumulation phosphate in the soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted te find out the effects of kieserite application ($T_1$; control, $T_2$; standard amount of $N-P_2$$O_{5}$ $-K_2$0, $T_3$; $T_2$+ kieserite) on the seedling vigour and yield of pass/clover mixed swards on newly reclaimed hilly soil. The results obtained are summarized as follows: At the $T_1$ treatment the seedling vigour and yield of mixed forages were very poor, whereas they were remarkedly enhanced by the treatments of $T_2$ and $T_3$. Comparing with the $T_2$ treatment the forage yields were increased 3.1% in orchardgrass, 27.5% in ladino clover, and 12.8% in mixed forages by the application of kieserite($T_3$). In the grass-clover mixed swards, the application of kieserite more remarkedly influenced the seedling vigour, botanical composition, and yield of clover than those of grass.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 1981

Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. Crispa Decasne) cultivated in three geographical areas of Korea, Gwangju, Taegu and Jeju, was analyzed for carbohydrate, lipid, protein, inorganic components and fatty acid composition. Carbohydrate, lipid and protein content of perilla seed ranged from 40 (Taegu) to 44% (Jelu), from 28 (Jeju) to 34% (Taegu) and from 15 (Gwangju) to 16% (Jeju), respectively. The overage contents of potassium, silicate, calcium, phosphate, iron, zinc, magnesium and mangane in the perilla seed varied between $426{\sim}446$, $197{\sim}229$. $124{\sim}136$, $46{\sim}56$, $30{\sim}49$, $42{\sim}45$, $40{\sim}45$, and $30{\sim}36mg%$, respectively and those variations different cultivation areas were not significant except iron. Saponification number, iodine value and acid value of the perilla oil were between $194{\sim}198$, $196{\sim}200$ and $4{\sim}5$, respectively. Those variations among the cultivation areas were not significant. The composition of the perilla oil was observed to be composed of $92{\sim}95%$ of triglyceride, $1.2{\sim}1.3%$ of phospholipid, $1.7{\sim}1.9%$ of unsaponifiables, $0.7{\sim}0.9%$ of free fatty acid, and $1.1{\sim}1.4$ linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid as $55{\sim}56$, $16{\sim}18$ and $16{\sim}20%$ of total fatty acids, but in phospholipid, the content of saturated fatty acids, $12{\sim}24$ of total fatty acid, was higher than that in triglyceride, $8{\sim}19%$ of total fatty acids. The content of saturated fatty acids in sterylester $(14{\sim}19%)$ was higher than that in sterylglycoside ($6{\sim}7%$ of total fatty acids). The variation in fatty acid composition was not significant in the composition of total fatty acid but a significant difference was observed in the composition of phospholipid, in which the content of palmitate ranged from 11.8%(Taegu) to 24%(Gwangju) of total fatty acids. No significant variation was found in the fatty acid composition among the cultivation areas, while a significant difference was observed in phospholipid.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic fertilizers on the growth and root yield of Achyranthes japonica N. from 1995 to 1996. Four organic fertilizers were applied: rice straw manure (RSM), fermented rice straw manure (FRSM), mixed oil cake manure (MOCM) and mighty soil manure (MSM). Organic matter, available phosphate, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO of soil increased in all plots with the addition of organic fertilizers, specifically with MOCM application. The highest contents of total nitrogen were 6.16% for MOCM and the available phosphate contents were very high in all of organic fertilizers except MSM. RSM and MSM with C/N ratios of 22.5, 17.7, respectively, were easily decomposed but C/N ratios of FRSM and MOCM, which were considered as irresolvable organic fertilizers, were 40.9 and 8.4, respectively. FRSM and MOCM applications increased emergence rate and improved the growth characters of shoot and root parts of plants compared to those of N - P - K fertilization. The highest dry root yield resulted from FRSM 20% and MOCM 26% treatment. There were significantly positive correlations between the growth characters of shoot, root parts of plants and dry root yield in A. japonica grown under organic fertilizer applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.465-478
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of large-scale timber harvesting on the environment of a mature hardwood forest. To achieve the objective, the effects of harvesting on forest environmental factors were analyzed quantitatively using the field data measured in the study sites of Seoul National University Research Forests [(Mt.) Paekunsan] for two years(1993-1994) following timber harvesting. The field data include information on vegetation, soil mesofauna, physicochemical characteristics of soil, surface water runoff, water quality in the stream, and hillslope erosion. For comparison, field data for each environmental factor were collected in forest areas disturbed by logging and undisturbed, separately. The results of this study were as follows : The diversity of vegetational species increased in the harvested sites. However, the similarity index value of species between harvested and non-harvested sites was close to each other. Soil bulk density and soil hardness were increased after timber harvesting, respectively. The level of organic matter, total-N, avail $P_2O_5$, CEC($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$) in the harvested area were found decreased. While the population of Colembola spp., and Acari spp. among soil mesofauna in harvested sites increased by two to seven times compared to those of non-harvested sites during the first year, the rates of increment decreased in the second year. However, those members of soil mesofauna in harvested sites were still higher than those of non-harvested sites in the second year. The results of statistical analysis using the stepwise regression method indicated that the diversity of soil mesofauna were significantly affected by soil moisture, soil bulk density, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, CEC, and soil temperature at soil depth of 5(0~10)cm in the order of importance. The amount of surface water runoff on harvested sites was larger than that of non-harvested sites by 28% in the first year and 24.5% in the second year after timber harvesting. The level of BOD, COD, and pH in the stream water on the harvested sites reached at the level of the domestic use for drinking in the first and second year after timber harvesting. Such heavy metals as Cd, Pb, Cu, and organic P were not found. Moreover, the level of eight factors of domestic use for drinking water designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea were within the level of the first class in the quality of drinking water standard. The study also showed that the amount of hillslope erosion in harvested sites was 4.77 ton/ha/yr in the first year after timber harvesting. In the second year, the amount decreased rapidly to 1.0 ton/ha/yr. The impact of logging on hillslope erosion in the harvested sites was larger than that in non-harvested sites by seven times in the first year and two times in the second year. The above results indicate that the large-scale timber harvesting cause significant changes in the environmental factors. However, the results are based on only two-year field observation. We should take more field observation and analyses to increase understandings on the impacts of timber harvesting on environmental changes. With the understandings, we might be able to improve the technology of timber harvesting operations to reduce the environmental impacts of large-scale timber harvesting.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1975

The present study was ,conducted to evaluate the effects of condensed phosphates on the refeezing damage of Alaska pollack muscle. The fillets were dipped in such solution as 5 and $10\%$ sodium polyphosphate, 1 and $5\%$ mixture of sodium polyphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate (1:1, w/w) for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, before refreezing. And fillets were frozen at $27^{\circ}C\~28^{\circ}C$ and stored for 15 days at $-18^{\circ}\~-20^{\circ}$. The degree of denaturation was estimated by determining amounts of drip relased, content of total solids, nitrogen, and DNA in the drip an cooking-weight-loss. Phosphorus absorbed in the muscle was also determined. Phosphorus absorbed in the fillets treated with loft solution of sodium polyphosphate for 5 minutes amounted to 101 mg/100g muscle as $P_2O_5$. The absorption was dependent on tile concentration of treating solution rather than on the dipping time. The increase of phosphorus absorption seemed to affect to reduction of drip. Among the treating conditions, $10\%$, 5 minutes and $10\%$ 1 minute with sodium polyphosphate appeared most effective ones on drip reduction. The effect of $5\%$, minutes with the mixture of sodium polyphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate did not show so benefitable effect in refrozen fillets. As a tendency total solids, nitrogen, and DNA in tile drip varied proportionally to the amount of drip released. And the content of DNA was lower than the amount. Treatment, at higher the concentration and longer the dipping time, resulted in the lower cooking-weight-loss and the better quality on organoleptic test of thawed fillets.